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Nature Dictionary Terms

medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
optoacoustic
Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
photochemical
The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...
near-infrared spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
neuromorphic vision sensor
A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...
laser interferometer
An interferometer that uses a laser as its light source. The purely monochromatic nature of the laser results in improved...
optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...
Van der Waals
Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...
Casimir force
The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...
scalar diffraction theory
Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
magnon
A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
optical noise
Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
polariton
A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
luminescence
Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
photoplethysmography
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...
wave optics
Also referred to as physical optics - the area of optics in which the wave nature of light is essential when defining its...
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...
ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
A technique for measuring the energy spectrum of electrons emitted during the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. This...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
Geometrical optics
The area of optics in which the propagation of light is described by geometrical lines (or rays) governed by Fermat's...
interferometric modulator display
Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...
hydrophilic
Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
Kell factor
In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of...
elastomer
Any material of a macromolecular nature that can stretch at room temperature to more than twice its length and return to...
quantum entanglement
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
frequency domain
The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...
Bose-Einstein condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
graphene
Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...
gallium nitride
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...
fiber optic sensor
A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...
structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...
quantum
The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...
laser surgery
Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...
electron metallurgy
That branch of metallurgy that uses electron microscopic techniques in the examination of the nature of metals.
covalent crystal
A crystal formed by covalent bonds that are generally highly directional by nature. The electric characteristics of these...
tunneling
An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...
spectral signature
A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
electron probe microanalysis
An analytical technique used to determine the nature of extremely small samples by forming the x-ray spectrum of the samples...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...
photochromic
Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...
flow chemistry
Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...
electrowetting display
An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...
atom optics
The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...
hackle
A defect in the cleaved end face of an optical fiber, defined as multiple surface irregularities across the fiber surface. A...
liquid marble
Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...
laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
absorption peak
An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...
surface quality
The specification of allowable flaws in a surface by comparison to reference standards of quality. Two graded sets of...
hyperchromic shift
Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
whispering gallery mode
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...
excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...
halide
In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...
asymptotic spectral reflectance
The unchanging nature of spectral reflectance as vegetational density increases to the point where additional increases in...
terahertz
Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

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