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Videology Industrial-Grade Cameras - Custom Embedded Cameras LB 2024
ORA Dictionary Terms

slicing and cutting machines - for crystals, quartz, glass, etc.
A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...
spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...
aluminizing
The process of applying a film of aluminum to a surface, usually by evaporation in a vacuum.
atmospheric turbulence
Irregularities and disturbances in the atmosphere that are of particular interest because they induce random temporal and...
low Earth orbit
Low Earth orbit (LEO) refers to a region in space that is relatively close to Earth's surface, typically characterized by...
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
optogenetics
A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...
electrostatic storage
Information storage on a dielectric medium that represents the data as those spots on the medium having electrostatic...
high-density storage
Extensive data storage in the form of bits, with the use of high-resolution photographic materials and optics, and generally...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation
Compilation of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories that contains values of the line parameters of the 1-0 bands of...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
Van der Waals
Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...
motion picture camera
A camera equipped with a lens and a long length of perforated film, the latter being moved intermittently between exposures...
digital twin
A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
arc flash
An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...
oleophobic
Oleophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or resist oils. The word oleophobic comes from the...
photochemical
The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
image redundancy
The multiple storage of a single image.
historadiography
Techniques used in biology to produce microradiographs of cells, tissues or small organisms.
aurora
The strongest light emitted by the Earth's upper atmosphere. It most often can be viewed in the Arctic as the aurora...
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...
masks for evaporation/deposition
In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...
inductance heater
A device used in thin-film deposition; the material to be evaporated is placed in a crucible that is heated inductively by...
sapphire optical fiber
Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
spherical aberration
Spherical aberration is an optical aberration that occurs when light rays passing through a lens or curved optical surface...
mercury arc
An electric arc that is formed in mercury vapor through which an electric current flows. The intensity of the illumination...
mode 1 (and mode 2)
In compact disc systems, the two principal frame formats for data storage. Mode 1 devotes 2048 bytes to user data, reserving...
discriminator
A circuit incorporated into counter systems that records only pulses that have amplitudes between two preselected limits.
temporal Fourier hologram
A technique used to suppress extreme noise amplification during digital image reconstruction that relies on smoothing and...
phototoxicity
Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...
design and engineering consulting services
Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...
thin-film coating
Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...
hybrid cooler
A cryogenic cooler device that is an intermittent Joule-Thomson refrigerator with a passive radiator serving as the...
lab-on-a-chip
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...
camera tube target
The storage surface of an electron beam tube that is scanned by an electron beam to generate an output-signal current...
ultraviolet fiber optics
Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...
turbulence propagation medium
Simulation of atmospheric turbulence for laboratory experimentation purposes, achieved by creating an unstable vertical...
autoradiography
The photographic recording of the distribution and location of radioactive substances found in a specimen. The record formed...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
rare-earth doped fiber
An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
speckle pattern
A power intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of partially coherent beams that are subject to minute...
STED microscopy
STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...
write once, read many (WORM)
An optical data storage device that permits the user to store data (write) and play it back (read), but not to erase or...
holographic memory
The storage of data as bits in memory by holographic processes. The laser beam is divided into reference and object beams,...
injection seeding
The use of a small ultrastable master oscillator (a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser) to achieve single-frequency operation of a...
resistance heater
A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...
magnetic tape recorder
An instrument used to record sound, pictures or both on a magnetic tape for storage and playback.
reactive evaporation
Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...
Gordon-Haus effect
Temporal jitter at a signal's receiver when amplified noise causes frequency shifts, as with a soliton traveling through an...
beam-addressable technology
The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...
spatial resolution
Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...
panoramic lens
A lens system that is capable of producing a 360° image, or one that is very close to that. In recording, the image may...
plasmon ion-assisted deposition
Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...
Casimir force
The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...
dynamic magneto-optical correlator
An optical correlator incorporating a binary phase-only spatial light modulator made from an iron garnet magneto-optic solid...
electron-beam evaporation
A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...
multistripe array
A monolithic laser diode incorporating multiple coupled emitters.
Amici prism
Also known as roof prism. A type of prism designed by G.B. Amici. It consists of a roof edge produced upon the long...
chirped-pulse amplification
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...
GaN distributed feedback lasers
GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...
phototransistor tachometer
A tachometer consisting of a light source, rotating perforated wheel and phototransistor to measure the rates of rotation of...
contact microradiography
The radiography of small objects having detail too fine to be seen by the unaided eye. The resulting negative, when...
electron storage ring
An advanced magnetic device used in x-ray lithography to beam x-rays onto the surface of silicon wafers used for...
optical table
An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...
well plate
A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...
magnetic bubble film
An amorphous film in which cylindrical bubbles of reverse magnetization can be formed to follow circuit paths usually made...
dispersion
Dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different wavelengths (colors) of light travel at different speeds when passing...
communicator bandwidth
The maximum rate at which temporally disjunct optical signals can be produced or detected.
temporal disperser
 total internal reflection fluorescence
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...
ellipsometer
A spectrometer equipped with polarizing prisms and retardation plates that is used in the analysis of elliptically polarized...
hero experiments
Laboratory experiments that focus on demonstrating new capabilities of a certain technology or device, usually without...
free-electron laser
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...
panoramic camera
A camera designed to form a continuous record of an expansive section of the horizon. The typical panoramic camera is...
digital optical processing
The scanning of photographs or transparencies of images, either by a vidicon camera or flying spot scanner, for the...
dye-polymer optical disc
A type of erasable data storage device that uses a medium deposited on the disc in two layers, each dyed to absorb a...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
metropolitan area network
A cable backbone used to interconnect local area networks at various sites (corporate offices and factories, for example) in...
fiber Bragg grating
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...
Geiger counter
Also called Geiger-Müller counter. An instrument designed to detect and measure radioactivity through the use of a...
fluorescent protein
Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
laser marking
Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...
deep ultraviolet
Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...
electromagnon
An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...
advanced photon source
An accelerator at the Argonne National Laboratory, providing powerful x-ray beams for materials research applications.
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
radioactive tracer
A radioactive element that is placed or injected into a system to obtain an autoradiogram of the system. It is used in a...
high-speed motion camera
A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...
electron trapping optical memory
A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an...
distortion
A general term referring to the situation in which an image is not a true-to-scale reproduction of an object. The term also...
optical character reader
A photosensitive device used to optically scan and read character data (numbers, letters etc.) and input this data into a...
microbubble resonator
A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...
near-ultraviolet light source
A light source, such as the sun or an incandescent lamp, that freely penetrates ordinary glass bulbs and emits in the...
ospin
Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...
parasitic oscillation
Oscillation in rod and disc amplifiers that critically limits the achievable energy storage.
micro-robotics
Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...
stitching
The process of creating a large, panoramic image by aligning and joining a set of smaller images. Image processing is used...
stacked hologram
The superimposing of holographic pages in a thick, erasable storage material by changing the reference and object beams....
string
Wavy transparent line in a sheet of glass appearing as though a thread of glass had been incorporated into the sheet.
gas discharge display
A display device that contains an inert gas that gives off orange light when a high voltage is applied to ionize the gas.
scanning spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer having a means to scan different regions of the light spectrum, providing simultaneous representations...
coherent radiation
Radiation in which the phase relationship between any two points in the radiation field has a constant difference, or is...
magnesium fluoride
A colorless, crystalline compound whose low refractive index (n = 1.38) makes it effective as a lens antireflection coating...
microradian
Equivalent to 10-6 radian, where 1 radian equals 180/pi degrees. A rod 1 km in length will be moved by an angle of 1...
optical data storage
The storage of information via optical means, primarily employing a low-power laser to inscribe data on a photosensitive...
optical read-only memory
Generic term for read-only optical data storage, source of the Philips-Sony term CD-ROM.
Winchester drive
A sealed, hard, magnetic disc drive used for the storage of data in a computer system.
two-photon fluorescence
This results from the simultaneous absorption of two photons, each having half the energy needed for excitation and...
rolling shutter artifacts
Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...
direct read after write
A write-once optical disc storage system in which the optical head reads continuously while writing to check the accuracy of...
virtual histology
Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...
indium phosphide
Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...
xeroradiography
A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with...
in vivo
In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...
shadow mask tube
A type of color-generating cathode-ray tube that uses a shadow mask, a thin perforated electrode, located close to the...
q-switched operation
Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
solar heat storage
The process of transferring collected energy from solar radiation into a heat-absorbing medium (e.g., an insulated tank of...
laser frequency measurement
Mod Method of obtaining precise temporal mode characteristics.
phase distrortion
Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...
Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...
CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory)
An adaptation by Philips and Sony of their audio compact disc technology for optical disc data storage and retrieval....
additive color process
A process of color photography in which colors are added one to another in the form of light, rather than as colorants, to...
attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy
Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...
microfilm system
A camera copying system that can reduce originals onto 35- or 16-mm film for easy storage.
polariton
A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...
scribing
The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...
imbedding material
A thermoplastic or thermosetting material used to hold an object fixed and keep it from deterioration. In microcircuitry,...
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
cold finger
A cryogenically cooled component incorporated into the Dewar of an infrared detector assembly to maintain the sensing...
packet
The finite amount of electrical charge generated in response to incident radiation and transferred from one storage element...
Vegard-Kaplan bands
The bands found by Vegard in the spectrum of the aurora borealis and by Kaplan in the nitrogen afterglow. They are formed by...
cold atom
Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...
magnon
A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...
high-voltage electron microscope
An imaging device whose technology contributes three specific advantages: ability to study large solid specimens that...
storage area network
A high-speed network or subnetwork that provides a connection between servers and data storage devices.
photochemical hole burning
A method of producing disks for erasable optical data storage. Information is recorded by a laser beam that generates pits...
storage tube
A cathode-ray tube combined with an electrostatic storage unit that is used to introduce, store and retrieve information...
optical design and engineering services
Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...
germicidal UV
Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...
phase-change optical disc
An erasable data recording and storage medium that uses a laser to heat the crystalline surface of the disc to a certain...
panoramic telescope
A telescope so manufactured that the image remains erect and the position of the eyepiece is unchanged as the line of sight...
optical storage
 photolithography
Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...
photochromic
Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...
panoramic distortion
The image distortion produced by a panoramic camera with a swinging lens or a swinging mirror in front of a fixed lens. The...
glass-melting furnace
A furnace used to heat glass materials. It may be a small laboratory-type furnace for small-scale experiments or large...
read-only memory
An optical storage product that can be used for playback only.
atomic absorption spectrometer
An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...
orthicon
A television camera tube in which a low-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive mosaic that has been created by an...
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...
optical correlator
A device incorporating a spatial light modulator and a reference filter; used for matching an input optical waveform or...
in vitro
In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...
time of flight
(TOF) The length of time needed for a signal to arrive at and be reflected from the target. The basis of an active...
parallax panoramagram
 microfilm camera
A camera used to reduce originals onto film for easy storage. There are two basic types: one in which the film is fixed...
fluorescence lifetime
Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...
read-write capability
In an optical data storage system, denoting the optical head's ability both to record information and to detect it for...
laser sintering
Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...
recording camera
A type of camera that incorporates a tiny mirror that oscillates in accordance with incoming signals. An illuminated slit is...
hololens
A series of permanent holograms in dichromated gelatin formed by opening total page-composer apertures and setting a point...
surface-enhanced Raman optical data storage
A technique of optical storage whereby information is encoded by molecular alterations in the interaction between the...
short-arc lamp
A compact high-pressure light source in which an electrical discharge between electrodes spaced no more than 12 mm apart...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
sequence camera
A type of motion-picture camera in which single frames are photographed either automatically at a predetermined rate (as...
graphecon
An electron tube having two electron guns, one on each side of the storage medium, to encode the information onto the...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
auroral line
The green line, in the spectrum of the aurora borealis, that has a wavelength of 5577 Å; it is caused by a forbidden...
orange peel
In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
ultraviolet reflectance
Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...
aperture mask
Also known as a shadow mask, a perforated plate placed between the focusing and accelerating electrodes, and the tricolor...
histochemical staining
Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...
distributed feedback laser
A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...
sonoradiography
The diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasonic energy to probe the body and, with the help of laser beams, a reflecting...
Secondary Speckle Pattern
A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...
Bose-Einstein condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
optofluidics
Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...
halogen lamp
A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
image storage panel
A modified form of an image-retaining panel that can be used in subdued daylight. This is achieved by adding a layer of zinc...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
stripwound hose
A type of sheathing for fiber optic cable that incorporates a coil of metal; often used in harsh environments.
temporal coherence
A characteristic of laser output, calculated by dividing the speed of light by the linewidth of the laser beam. The temporal...
magneto-optics
Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
flame spectrum
The emission spectrum formed by the radiation from a sample that has been evaporated by a nonluminous flame.
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...
Collaborative Robot
Collaborative Robot (Cobot): Unlike traditional autonomous robots, which usually work by themselves, a collaborative robot...
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
single-walled carbon nanotubes
Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...
tellurium
The material favored for study of interaction of high-acoustic intensities with free carriers. Tellurium is the...
embedded vision
Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...
laser-mediated gene transfer
Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...
Nomarski microscopy
Also referred to as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy; Nomarski microscopy is a unique form of microscopy...
optical design software
Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...
metaverse
The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...
image isocon
A television camera tube that preceded the development of the vidicon tube and incorporated a method to separate reflected...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...
microradiography
Radiographic recording and enhancement of the micoscopic details within the structure of thin specimens at a high...
deuterated triglycine sulfate
A type of pyroelectric detector with favorable qualities of linearity, sensitivity and spectral responsivity used in FTIR...
stacked optical memory
A memory system composed of a stack of holographic plates, a mode-locked laser and a rapid detector array. Ultrashort laser...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
mixed-signal oscilloscope
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...
rarefaction
In a gas, the temporary drop in density caused by contact with a sound wave.
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
fiber optic gyroscope
A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...
evaporation coating
Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...
near-infrared camera
A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...
whole slide imaging
Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...
quantum cascade laser
A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....
digitizer
A device that samples and quantizes a signal in digital form for storage in memory.
pit
The micrometer-size depressions that store data digitally in an optical data storage medium.
spatter
Of evaporative coatings, a condition resulting when small chunks of material fly from the hot crucible onto the substrate...
storage time
Interval between cutting off a photoconductor's signal and the fall of current output to 90 percent.
event-based sensor
An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
filovirus
Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...
line-narrowed laser
A semiconductor laser in which the naturally occurring broad linewidth has been narrowed by incorporating the laser diode...
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
flexible display
A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...
hydrophobic
Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...
thin-film deposition equipment
Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...
electron-beam gun
1. A device generally used in a cathode-ray or camera tube to emit a stream of electrons moving at uniform velocity in a...
Er:YAG laser
An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...
temporal response
Characteristic of deflected light power defined as the quadratic invariant function of the video signal amplitude.
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...
thick-phase material
A type of recording material, usually a photodielectric polymer, offering in situ development mechanisms because of its...
laser texturing
Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
frequency comb
A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...
optical memory
1. The direct storage of data as bits in memory using optical systems and properties. The memory makes use of a laser beam...
hydrophilic
Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...
ribbon cable
A cable that incorporates multiple fibers, jacketed side by side in a ribbonlike form.
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
epitaxial deposition
Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...
data bus
A system incorporated into fiber optic data communications characterized by several spatially distributed terminals that are...
reagent
A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...
electron microradiography
The photographic recording, and later enlarging, of very thin specimens, using an electron beam to form the image.
evaporagraph
A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...
image restoration
Filtering procedures aimed at estimating the original image by removing the blurring and noise suppression that occur during...
cathode
1. The negative electrode of a device in an electrical circuit. 2. The positive electrode of a primary cell or storage...
scientific CMOS camera
A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...
magneto-optic storage
A specific type of storage in which the material to be written on is heated above its transition temperature and switched in...
dynamic variation
In electrical equipment, power variations that are temporary (as opposed to the permanent, cumulative effects of drift).
Q-switch
A device used to rapidly change the Q of an optical resonator. It is used in the optical resonator of a laser to prevent...
nanoLED
An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
heliostat
A device having a plane mirror so mounted that it can be set to reflect sunlight into a piece of laboratory equipment. It is...
Ultraviolet-C
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...
GigE
GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...
arc light source
In present usage, especially for spectroscopic identification, an arc between electrodes that serves as a radiation source....
input/output
I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...
Wiener filtering
A method that embraces the classical approach to image restoration and attempts to minimize the mean square difference...
cosine collector
Translucent collector developed to compensate for the partial blocking of a flat surface's collection angle that normally...
capnometer
An instrument incorporating an infrared detector assembly, used to analyze carbon dioxide gases and in medical applications...
smart skin
Structural surfaces that incorporate an embedded sensor network capable of detecting flaws within the structure.
microfluidics
Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...
colorant
A substance such as a dye or pigment that is used to alter the color of light.
optical tape recorder
An instrument used for video or computer data storage in which a laser optical head is used to write digital information...
emission spectrum
An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...
convergent beam sensing mode
A type of photoelectric proximity mode sensing incorporating a lens system to focus the light from the emitter in a small,...
glass
A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...
quantum-ehanced metrology
Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...
Lorentz oscillator model
The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...
electron-beam drilling
The use of a tightly focused beam of electrons to drill minute holes in substances. The drilling is accomplished by the...
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
sputtering target
A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
cadmium sulfide
An inorganic compound, yellow to orange in color, that fluoresces strongly enough when bombarded by a high-current-density...
chalcogenide
Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...
fluorescence decay system
A device, also called a fluorescence lifetime instrument, that measures decay curves of fluorescing samples. It generally...
novelty filter
A filtering device that detects what is new in a scene of interest. Often compared to that of a temporal high pass filter,...
carbon film
In analysis, the carbon layer that is evaporation-deposited on a specimen to protect and ready it for study by electron...
computer numerically controlled grinding
Computer numerically controlled (CNC) grinding is a manufacturing process that utilizes computerized controls and precision...
flow chemistry
Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...
time-lapse optical coherence tomography
Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
silicon monoxide
A material used as a protective layer on an aluminized or silvered mirror. It is evaporated on the mirror as a thin layer,...
apparent movement
The visual perception of motion when fixed stimuli are exposed in rapid temporal and spatial succession.
motion controller
In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...
zirconium arc
A small bulb containing a conducting gas, an arc being formed between a metal ring and a tiny zirconium electrode near the...
global optimization
A controlled random search process, such as generalized simulated annealing, that has been incorporated into many optical...
effective data rate
A characterization of the throughput performance of data storage systems; the EDR is the total of data retrieved divided by...
bistable display
A matrix-controlled display that has information storage at the display surface, and requires that an element be addressed...
self-phase modulation
Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs when an intense laser beam passes through a...
drive
The hardware for reading (and writing in devices so equipped) an optical mass data storage disk.
monostable display
A matrix-controlled display that has no information storage at the display surface.
blue diode laser
A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...
ionography
An electroradiographic process that uses ionization of air by x-rays as a basis for forming electrostatic images.
spatial mode
Also known as transverse mode. The configurations of energy storage, relative to the structure of a laser resonator, that...
scintillation crystal
A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...
enhanced picture archiving and communication system display
Enhanced picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display (ePAD) is a software tool used in medical imaging to...
CubeSat
A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...
fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna
A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...
pushbroom scanning
Pushbroom scanning is a technique used in remote sensing and imaging systems, particularly in satellite and aerial sensors,...
fiber optic preform
A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...
photostore
The photographic recording of data, in binary form, for storage in memory. Exposure is achieved by a cathode-ray tube or by...
phenotype
In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...
phase matching
Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...
fixed-pattern noise
Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly...
functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...
cache
A portion of computer memory that is used for temporary storage of frequently accessed data. Substantially increases...
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...
magnetometer
A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. It can detect...
laser dazzle system
Visible laser radiation, often optically expanded and collimated, used to induced temporary blindness from within a walking...
photoradiation therapy
 structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...
cell
1. A single unit in a device for changing radiant energy to electrical energy or for controlling current flow in a circuit....
direct-view storage tube
A cathode-ray tube in which secondary emission electrons form a display of high intensity.
visual storage tube
An electron tube that stores and visually displays information by means of a cathode-ray-beam-scanning and charge-storage...

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