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Teledyne DALSA - Line Scan Leader 5/24 LB
RIT Dictionary Terms

piecewise interferometry
An interferometric technique for the generation of precision gratings that allows for sequential exposure of small segments...
interferometric modulator display
Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...
critical aperture
In an optical system, the aperture size at which the lens gives its best overall performance.
parity
In data transmission, a self-checking code using a separate bit (the parity bit) to assure that all bytes of transmitted...
merit function
 image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
deuterated triglycine sulfate
A type of pyroelectric detector with favorable qualities of linearity, sensitivity and spectral responsivity used in FTIR...
low-loss fiber
Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
automated optical inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...
nitrogen vacancy
A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...
phase distrortion
Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...
extrinsic properties
The properties exhibited by a semiconductor as the result of its modification by imperfections and impurities in the crystal.
optical time-domain reflectometer
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...
epitaxial deposition
Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...
microscopy
Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...
label-free
Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...
optical design software
Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...
laser sintering
Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...
photothermal effect
The cause of some forms of laser injury in which tissue absorbs incident laser light and experiences a damaging rise in...
fiber optics
The use of thin flexible glass or plastic fibers as wave guides — or "light pipes" — to channel light from one...
spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
primary coating
In a waveguide, the material in intimate contact with the cladding surface, applied to preserve the integrity of that...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
array processor
In image processing, a specially designed programmable computer peripheral that attaches to the host system for the purpose...
deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
fluorite objective
An objective that uses the mineral fluorite in its construction to reduce the secondary spectrum. It is usually intermediate...
Ritchey-Common test
An interferometric method for describing the surface shape of large coated or uncoated optical flats. The procedure uses a...
color-defective vision
Situation in which the observer requires fewer than three independent stimuli to make color matches. Dichromats require only...
ultraviolet reflectance
Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...
alexandrite lasers
An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...
fluorite
The optical form of the crystal fluorspar, calcium fluoride, that is utilized for its low optical dispersion, its low...
write once, read many (WORM)
An optical data storage device that permits the user to store data (write) and play it back (read), but not to erase or...
ground truth
A term variously applied to remote sensing techniques that essentially refers to all parametric conditions that influence...
numerical aperture
The sine of the vertex angle of the largest cone of meridional rays that can enter or leave an optical system or element,...
simultaneous location and mapping
Technology that uses data from an array of sensors, one of which is commonly lidar, to solve the problem of creating a map...
impurity level
In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...
optical character recognition
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology that is used to convert printed or handwritten text into...
magneto-optics
Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...
convex
Convex is an adjective used to describe a surface or shape that curves outward, bulges, or has a rounded and outwardly...
elaterite
The organic inclusion in quartz crystal that forms delicate films and microspheres and that shows a maximum absorption at...
Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
achromat
An achromat, in the context of optics, refers to a type of lens or lens system designed to reduce chromatic aberration....
optical memory
1. The direct storage of data as bits in memory using optical systems and properties. The memory makes use of a laser beam...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
Lummer-Gehrcke plate
A high-resolution spectroscopic device commonly used in the early 20th century as a component of double-beam...
reagent
A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...
marcuse loss theory
A theoretical analysis of radiation loss from planar optical waveguides due to scattering by surface irregularities/surface...
zodiacal light
The sunlight that extends to the earth after scattering from other solar bodies, mostly from meteorite dust of radii...
near-infrared spectrometer
A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...
orange peel
In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...
Rowland ghosts
In spectroscopy, the false images arranged symmetrically on both sides of the true line and caused by irregularities in the...
Q
The figure of merit of a resonator, defined as (2p) x (average energy stored in the resonator)/(energy dissipated per...
flat-field frame
A frame taken with a CCD camera of a surface that is evenly illuminated by diffuse light. This frame shows irregularities in...
retroreflector
A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
wafer
In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...
blown fiber
A technique developed by British Telecom in which the viscous drag of air is used to install optical fibers in narrow...
light diffusion
Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...
fiber optic sensor
A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...
Newton's rings
The series of rings or bands formed when light beams reflected from two polished, adjacent surfaces, placed together with a...
dark-field microscopy
A technique whereby the sample is illuminated by a hollow cone of light larger than the acceptance angle of the objective,...
read-write head
That part of a magnetic or optical tape or disc drive that retrieves data from or records data on the recording media.
total internal reflection fluorescence
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...
prism chromatic resolving power
The chromatic resolving power of a prism is invariably stated for the case in which parallel rays of light are incident on...
internal photoeffect
The effect in which photons are absorbed and excite the electrons; the electrons move from the valence band to the...
decision-tree classification
A structural method of optical character recognition, used where the input media are variable, as in hand-written or...
in phase
That state determining that two waves of like frequency will travel through their maximum and minimum values of the same...
long-pass filter
A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...
unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. UAVs are remotely...
thermography
Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...
freeform mirrors
Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...
purity, colorimetric
 step tablets
In sensitometric testing, a series of areas progressing by equal density steps (usually the increments between steps are...
nanoimprint lithography
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...
colorimetric purity
Ratio, to the luminance of a test color, of the luminance of the spectrum color that matches the test color when mixed with...
acceptor
Impurity in a semiconductor or any other electroluminescent device capable of inducing hole conduction and accepting a...
relative brightness
A figure of merit corresponding to the amount of light seen by a viewer through binoculars. A higher number indicates a...
photoresist
Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...
sapphire
Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...
convolutional neural network
A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....
ultraviolet microscopy
The study and photographing of microscope specimens in ultraviolet light; using an optical microscope containing fluorite...
holographic tomography
Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...
astronomical mirror
An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...
single-molecule spectroscopy
An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
indium gallium arsenide camera
An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...
piezoelectric motion systems
Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...
photon tunneling microscope
An instrument in which visible light beyond the critical angle from a metallurgical microscope is focused on a reference...
hackle
A defect in the cleaved end face of an optical fiber, defined as multiple surface irregularities across the fiber surface. A...
event-based sensor
An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...
Rockwell hardness
Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...
hydrogel
A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...
optical assembly
An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...
diamond-turned optic
Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...
logarithmic transformation
One class of nonlinear space-invariant transformation processes used for processing convolved and multiplied signals.
band-to-band photoluminescence
The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor...
3D laser triangulation
3D Laser Triangulation - A technology that allows sensors to probe the surroundings. Laser triangulation systems have an...
Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...
permanent magnetic focusing
The focusing of an electron beam by a magnetic field that permanently retains the majority of its magnetic properties.
CoaXPress
CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...
critical angle
The least angle of incidence at which total internal reflection takes place. The angle of incidence in a denser medium, at...
extrinsic detector
A photodetector composed of a semiconductor material whose responsive properties can be altered by the addition of...
undulator magnet
A device used in a free-electron laser to convert the electron-beam's energy into microwave laser radiation by creating a...
damped least squares
An organizational method used in optical design computer programs. The technique produces one number (merit function) to...
ion-beam sputtering
Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...
surveyor's level
A small telescope mounted on a tripod and free to rotate about a vertical axis. A spirit level is mounted over the telescope...
internet of things
The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...
modulation transfer function analysis/measurement equipment
MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
fiber optic preform
A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
micro-robotics
Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...
atmospheric inhomogeneities
Localized variations in the purity and the index of refraction of the atmosphere.
blink comparator
An optical system that rapidly alternates two similar pictures or scenes to permit the detection of small dissimilarities...
die bonding
Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...
metalens
A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...
point spread function
The point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental concept in imaging that describes the response of an imaging system to a...
dopant
The impurity added to a substance to produce desired properties in the substance.
diffuse density
The logarithm of the reciprocal of diffuse transmittance. Diffuse density results when a sample is diffusely illuminated.
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
definition
The clarity of an optically reproduced image. Definition is produced by the combination of resolution and acutance.
Lawson criterion
Defines the minimum operational standards for a self-sustaining fusion reactor as equivalence between energy released per...
read-write capability
In an optical data storage system, denoting the optical head's ability both to record information and to detect it for...
optical tape recorder
An instrument used for video or computer data storage in which a laser optical head is used to write digital information...
micrograph
A graphic reproduction of an object formed by a microscope or another optical system. Also an instrument used to make tiny...
MTF optimization
Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...
optical data storage
The storage of information via optical means, primarily employing a low-power laser to inscribe data on a photosensitive...
drive
The hardware for reading (and writing in devices so equipped) an optical mass data storage disk.
attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....
ultraviolet-visible spectrometer
Also known as UV-VIS spectrometer, a device that measures the absorbance, reflectance or transmittance of light in the...
optical channel monitor
An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...
critical fusion frequency
The fusion frequency of flicker that is needed just to produce complete fusion and to assure the visual sensation of...
near-infrared camera
A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
crystal
A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...
optical nonlinearity
The phenomenon that makes nonlinear the mathematical expression for the electrical polarization of a medium through which...
saturation
1. The decrease of the absorption (or gain) coefficient of a medium near some transition frequency when the power of the...
YAG crystal
A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
depth of convergence
A critical image parameter in applications where object position may change dynamically relative to the imager; this is a...
P-type material
A semiconductor material in which the dopants create holes as the majority charge carrier. It is formed by doping with...
CID camera
CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...
glass marking ink
Ink used for writing on glass, and also for blackening the edges of lenses to prevent reflection. In the latter case, the...
infrared light source
An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...
DIN system
The logarithmic method of determining emulsion speeds developed by the German standards organization, Deutscher...
critical absorption wavelength
That wavelength at which the absorption of a given element or system begins to demonstrate an inconstant value.
beam-addressable technology
The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...
overhead projector
A projector used to project transparencies. A horizontal 8 x 10-in. stage for writing or laying down preformed...
macula lutea
The small central portion of the human retina that is responsible for providing the clearest, and most distinct aspects of...
custom optic
A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...
atmospheric turbulence
Irregularities and disturbances in the atmosphere that are of particular interest because they induce random temporal and...
Grittington test
A method of determining the abrasion resistance of very hard materials by passing a weighted wiper blade across them in a...
Ferry-Porter law
The law stating that the critical fusion frequency is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the luminance and the...
metabolite
A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
laser speckle
Sparkling granular pattern that is observed when an object diffusely reflects coincident laser light. Speckle appears as an...
terahertz spectrometer
A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...
divergence
1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
interstitial site
A position inside a crystal lattice that is not one of the proper lattice sites in the crystal. Impurity ions of the proper...
impurity ion
An alien, electrically charged atomic system in a solid; an ion substituted for the constituent atom or ion in a crystal...
Photoelastic equipment and supplies
Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...
depth perception
The direct appreciation of the distance between a given object and the observer, or between the front and back of a solid...
ultraviolet fiber optics
Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
phenotype
In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...
graphene
Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...
pixel pitch
Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...
aniseikonia
A visual defect that produces a disparity in the sizes of the images formed by the two eyes.
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
extrinsic photoconductivity
Photoconductivity due to the addition of impurities or external causes.
black hole
A cosmic phenomenon in which the mass and density of a star pass a critical point so that the escape velocity matches the...
frequency domain
The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...
embedded vision
Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
photoconductor contact
Material used to integrate photoconductors into electro-optical systems. It should provide low resistance to the flow of...
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
2D profile sensor
A 2D profile sensor is a type of sensor used in various industrial and technological applications to measure and capture...
laser peening
Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...
aspheric lens
An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...
computer vision
Computer vision enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data, such as images and videos. It...
reflectance estimate
The output of spectral channels written as an integral function of known solar irradiance, atmospheric transmittance and...
morphological processing
A set of algorithms used to study the structural and spatial characteristics of objects in a digitized image for...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
entrance slit
The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...
photomask
A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
vacuum chamber
A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...
fiber optic cable assembly
A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
diamond turning
Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...
beam profiling
Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...
inertial fusion energy
Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...
attenuation
Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...
light filament
Phenomenon caused by an ultrashort and ultra-intense light pulse propagating in a Kerr medium, such as air or water. When...
structural character recognition
An approach to character recognition based on the structure of the character to be identified (number of straight lines,...
colorimeter
A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...
rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...
hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...
fusion ignition
Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...
infrared photodetector array
An impurity-doped silicon detector array sensitive to long infrared wavelengths, installed in optical collecting systems...
error function
A single number, defined by the computer program or the user that expresses the performance of an optical system. Also known...
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
quantum cascade laser
A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
doping
In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...
critical scattering
Intense scattering in the region of the liquid-gas critical point. At this point the gas will strongly scatter all light to...
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...
Munsell color system
Founded by professor Albert Munsell. In the field of colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that identifies...
Ritchey-Chretien telescope
A form of Cassegrain telescope having a concave hyperbolic primary and a convex hyperbolic secondary. This form permits the...
Taylor criterion
States that in interferometers in which the separation of the maxima is equal to the half-value width, a slight drop in...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...
ghost
1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With...
photoluminescence mapping
A technique used for noncontact inspection of semiconductor wafers. The material is illuminated by an excitation source that...
germicidal UV
Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...
plastic optics
Plastic optics refers to optical components or systems that are made from transparent plastic materials, as opposed to...
nonlinear optical materials
Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...
masks for evaporation/deposition
In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...
fused quartz and silica
Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...
terahertz
Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...
substrate
A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...
Rayleigh criterion of resolving power
When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of...
allyl diglycol carbonate
Commonly known as CR39, this thermosetting plastic is used in the casting of eyeglass lenses because of its toughness and...
electrocapillarity modulator
A type of optical modulator with potential application in optical switching and displays, in which applied voltage causes a...
coherent fiber bundle
A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...
affine transformation
Transformation of an image, such as a change in position or scale, that does not alter the linearity of the original image.
linear optics
Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...
network interface card
A network interface card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or LAN adapter, is a hardware component that allows...
dipvergence
The vertical angular disparity between the lines of sight of the left and right systems in a binocular instrument....
critical illumination
Illumination in which the light source is imaged at the object.
blue diode laser
A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...
Nyquist criterion
In image acquisition (and sampling theory), the postulate that the pickup sampling frequency must be a minimum of twice as...
direct read after write
A write-once optical disc storage system in which the optical head reads continuously while writing to check the accuracy of...
bubble writing
television monitor
A television receiver that receives the signals generated by a television camera directly, or remotely through a radio...
edge following
In image processing, a segmentation algorithm for isolating a region in an image by following its edge.
turbidity
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
lateral load test
A method of measuring microbending losses in optical fiber by sandwiching a length of fiber between two parallel plates,...
nonlinear optical crystal
An optical crystal that possesses a strong nonlinear dielectric response function to optical radiation. A material with a...
hard seal
The process of sealing laser components by means of frit seals, welding or bonding rather than using epoxy.
differential interference contrast microscopy
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...
structured illumination microscopy
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...
digital holographic microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...
halogen lamp
A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...
flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...
sextant
A handheld navigational instrument used to measure the elevation angle of celestial bodies such as the sun. An image of the...
phototoxicity
Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...
Hurter-Driffield curve
A plotted relation between Log E (logarithm to base 10 of exposure in metercandle seconds) and density (logarithm to base 10...
total internal reflection
The reflection that occurs within a substance because the angle of incidence of light striking the boundary surface is in...
resolving power
A measure of an optical system's ability to produce an image which separates two points or parallel lines on the object. See...
thermal interface materials
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
single molecule localization microscopy
Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...
graticule
The British term for reticle.
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
apochromat
An apochromat, often referred to as an apochromatic lens or apochromatic objective, is a type of optical system designed to...
sapphire window
A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...
N-type material
A quadrivalent semiconductor material, with electrons as the majority charge carriers, that is formed by doping with donor...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
scattered light filter
A specific type of filter designed to reduce the amount of light scattered by reflections from the edges of optical...
phototherapy
Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...
excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...
path-reversal principle
The criterion maintaining that if light follows a specific path through an optical system, it will, if reversed, traverse...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
electric quadrupole lens
A device that uses four electrodes set in an alternating positive-negative polarity series to focus the beams of charged...
epitaxial equipment
Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...
sapphire optical fiber
Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...
intrinsic detector
A photodetector composed of a photoconductive material that, when exposed to radiation, conducts without the aid of added...
optical correlation
The procedure by which the similarity of an optical signal or waveform to a reference-stored signal or waveform is...
donor
An impurity in a material that is capable of inducing electrical conduction in that material by transferring an electron to...
critical flicker frequency
Relative to a light source, the frequency at which the source appears to fluctuate in light intensity half the time and...
telescope lens
A telescope lens is a primary optical component of a telescope system that gathers and focuses light to form an image. It is...
ray tracing
Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
parasitic oscillation
Oscillation in rod and disc amplifiers that critically limits the achievable energy storage.
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
GRIN lens
A GRIN (gradient index) lens is a type of optical lens that utilizes a gradient in refractive index across its volume rather...
purity, excitation
 concave and convex spherical mirror
Concave and convex spherical mirrors are types of curved mirrors that have surfaces shaped like segments of spheres. These...
surface profile
A representation of the shape of a surface, including any roughness or other irregularities. The profile can be generated by...
wide-field fluorescence microscopy
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...
optical disc
A rigid medium, generally a polycarbonate substrate coated with a reflective aluminum layer, that stores information (such...
area scan
Area scan, in the context of imaging and cameras, refers to a method of capturing an entire two-dimensional image in a...
Talbot's law
The law stating that the brightness of an object that is examined through a slotted disc, rotating over a critical...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
linearity
A relationship between two variables so that when plotted on a graph they yield a straight line.
writing rate
Term for the brightness of an oscilloscope trace.
aplanatic surface
An aplanatic surface is an optical surface that is specifically designed or shaped to minimize spherical aberration and...
spectral series
A classification of particular regularities that occur in the spectra of many atoms.
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
magneto-optic storage
A specific type of storage in which the material to be written on is heated above its transition temperature and switched in...
plume
A mixture of ionized gas and metal vapor generated by impingement of the laser beam onto a material being welded or a weld...
fiber Bragg grating
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...
optical cements and adhesive
Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...
mid-infrared camera
A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...
inertial confinement fusion
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...
absolute purity threshold
Least value of color value combinations which gives white light; minimum purity as determined to be white.
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
parallel scanning
Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...
alexandrite
A host crystal for chromium that emits pulsed or continuous-wave laser light, tunable from about 720 to 790 nm.
laser powder bed fusion
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...
digital filter
A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series...
excitation purity
On the CIE chromaticity diagram, the distance from the achromatic point to the sample point, divided by the distance from...
cross-coupling
1. A defect inherent in a multiple-axis positioning system whereby an adjustment of one axis causes an undesired change in...
quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...
polariton
A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...
multi-axis alignment
Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...
machine learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...
spatial resolution
Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...
ring-laser gyroscope
A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a type of gyroscope that uses laser light to detect and measure changes in orientation. It...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
character read-out system
A photoelectrically controlled, alphanumeric reading device that converts characters to audible or sorting signals which can...
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
distributed feedback laser
A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...
optical gate
An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...
propagation constant
For an electromagnetic field mode varying sinusoidally with time at a given frequency, the logarithmic rate of change, with...
optical noise
Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
erasable
Data or encoded information capable of being eradicated, leaving the media free for rewriting. Also called reversible.
machine vision lighting
Machine vision lighting refers to the use of specific lighting techniques and equipment in the field of machine vision,...
superresolution
Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...
sputtering target
A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....
algorithm
A precisely defined series of steps that describes how a computer performs a task.
holographic camera
A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

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