An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of light. Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light and is typically invisible to the human eye. However, it can be...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

Although low in sensitivity (approximately 10-7 m for helium-neon lasers), this holographic technique permits quantitative...

A characteristic of laser output, calculated by dividing the speed of light by the linewidth of the laser beam. The temporal...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.

One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Area in which laser operation occurs and therefore safety requirements are met and regulations are implemented. Lasers...

Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

The use of lasers in tailoring of such components as thin-film resistors. The process improves speed and accuracy.

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

A reflection hologram using multiple color lasers that integrates various graphical techniques to allow the display of...

A technique used in holography that involves the mixing of lasers of different wavelengths to produce a beam of shorter...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

A means of achieving higher peak powers and more efficient harmonic generation by narrowing the pulse width and thus...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...

Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...

I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

A pulsed laser that emits a recurring pulsed output. Frequency of the pulses emitted is known as pulsed recurrence frequency...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

The holographic recording of a microscopic specimen whereby magnification is achieved by alteration in a wavelength or...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

A form of laser output noise that is caused by thermal, mechanical, or acoustical disturbances of the cavity length. Mode...

A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

Also known as gatling gun laser. A system that has an array of lasers sharing a common central axis on a rotating Fabry...

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...

A mirror mount is a mechanical device used to secure and precisely position mirrors in optical systems. Mirrors are...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

A current-source thermal detector used to detect and study the pulses obtained from particular lasers.

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

In optics, degreasers or ultrasonic arrangements used for removing pitch, cement or polishing material from lenses during...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

The purest gas source of antimony, which is used in the manufacture of compound semiconductors for IR sensors and...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

An optical resonator in which feedback is accomplished by two parallel planes. In diode lasers, the planes are obtained by...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

The maximum number of users who are using a given communication channel. Typically, the number of users at any given time is...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

A medical technology that uses lasers or other light sources in combination with photosensitizing drugs to treat cancerous...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A thermal-infrared camera, often referred to simply as a thermal camera, is a type of imaging device that detects infrared...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

A method of measuring complex sequential photosynthetic reactions by varying the pulse time and wavelength of light...

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...

Situation in which the observer requires fewer than three independent stimuli to make color matches. Dichromats require only...

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

A spectroscopic technique in which an excitation band absorbs laser energy resulting in an electronic transition. The...

Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

In a lens, the square of the radius of its aperture divided by the product of the focal length and the wavelength. It...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

The use of two lasers as a master-slave pair in order to control frequency and prevent chirp. When light from the master is...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

1. In optics, the bending of rays away from each other. 2. In lasers, the spreading of a laser beam with increased distance...

A laser oscillator in which two mirrors are separated by an amplifying medium with an inverted population, making a...

A stroboscopelike apparatus that uses a copper vapor laser to illuminate an object for very short time periods (about 30 ns).

Unlike the thermocouple or bolometer, the pyroelectric infrared detector is a current source with an output proportional to...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

A device similar to distributed feedback lasers in construction and operation, but in which the period grating that produces...

Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

The study of the optical properties of living tissue. Increased understanding of the behavior of light in this varied,...

A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...

Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

A high-intensity source of incoherent white light in which a capacitor is discharged through a tube of xenon gas; often used...

Certain color centers in the alkali halides have been optically pumped to produce efficient tunable pulsed and...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

Plastic optics refers to optical components or systems that are made from transparent plastic materials, as opposed to...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

Eye blink or head movement in response to bright light. Aversion responses such as blinking are sufficient protection from...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

The phenomenon that makes nonlinear the mathematical expression for the electrical polarization of a medium through which...

A laser with a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is carbon-based. The dye is mixed with a solvent, allowing...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

A crystalline semiconductor alloy used as the light confinement layer in both single- and double-heterostructure diode...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...

Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Decibels referenced to one milliwatt; often used to specify power ratings for semiconductor diode lasers.

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...