A grating beamsplitter is an optical device that utilizes the principles of diffraction to split a beam of light into multiple beams, often redirecting them at specific angles. It is based on the concept of a diffraction grating, which is a surface...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

Wide-field, low-magnification device that consists of two compound microscopes focused on a single object, producing an...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

RTSP, or real-time streaming protocol, is a network control protocol designed for controlling streaming media servers. It is...

A type of microscope that uses radiation in the infrared region to illuminate objects that are opaque to visible radiation....

A system mounted a few inches above a moving plane that consists of a light source, lenses and one or more phototubes. In...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A device using the Kerr effect to read back the signals from mechanically recorded tapes and discs. It consists of a light...

A special-purpose camera used by ophthalmologists to photograph the retina of the eye. The optical system operates through...

A device used to create a light output that exceeds light input, the energy being provided by an electric field. It consists...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

A laser that emits energy in a series of short bursts or pulses and that remains inactive between each burst or pulse. The...

An optical medical instrument that uses an intense, precisely focused beam of light to stop weakened blood vessels from...

In rudimentary form, this technology consists of diffusion of a PN junction through a mask of silica, over which a contact...

A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective....

A collector for photovoltaic power generation that consists of a thin plate that strongly absorbs sunlight striking its...

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

A coarse diffraction grating that is used to form a scale of intensities to determine the relative magnitudes of stars. The...

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...

Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...

Refers to the transistors in which the working current flows through only one type of semiconductor material, either P-type...

An astronomical mirror, also known as a telescope mirror or primary mirror, is a key component of a reflecting telescope. It...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

Oleophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or resist oils. The word oleophobic comes from the...

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

A pattern on an oscilloscope display that consists of a string of shapes that resemble eyes. Because the pattern becomes...

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...

A system that consists of a spectrophotometer with a photoelectric detector for measurement of radiant energy.

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

In spectroscopy, the false images arranged symmetrically on both sides of the true line and caused by irregularities in the...

A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

A spectrophotometer having a prism or, more frequently, a grating for the study and recording of infrared spectra. It...

A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...

A photovoltaic device that consists of multiple p-n junctions to produce a greater efficiency when in use than that of...

Consists of a pair of radio telescopes concentrated on a single celestial object. This technique creates a single radio...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...

A method of data multiplexing that can provide large, instantaneous bandwidths for busy traffic while permitting slow...

The instrument used to collect thermal radiation information on an object by scanning. It consists basically of a detector,...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

A double-surfaced catadioptric spherical mirror whose spherical first surface consists of a negative meniscus (concave) lens...

An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....

An instrument used to test lenses by utilizing the optical transfer function. It consists of a HeNe laser, a beamsplitter...

A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...

With respect to a crystal, a monoclinic crystal consists of three unequal axes, two of which intersect each other obliquely...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of...

A small half-shade analyzer placed in the eyepiece of a polarimeter to determine the character of the polarized light...

A telescopic eyepiece that produces a field of view between 40° and 50°. The eyepiece consists of a single element...

An image intensifier that consists of an evacuated tube with a large input phosphor screen at one end. The phosphor screen...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

A double-plate device used to transmit polarized light and form interference fringes of the light, thus indicating its...

An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is a device that utilizes the interaction between sound waves and light waves to modulate...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

A type of high-speed photographic shutter that uses Faraday rotation to produce exposure times as fast as 1 microsecond. It...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

A computerized token-passing local area network (LAN) configuration adopted by General Motors for real time control over the...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

A type of birefringent polarizing prism that transmits the extraordinary ray and removes the ordinary ray through total...

A system used for gratings that consists of a concave mirror, a grating and a plate holder mounted normal to the grating to...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Low Earth orbit (LEO) refers to a region in space that is relatively close to Earth's surface, typically characterized by...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

A device designed to detect microwave modulation and to mix modulated and unmodulated laser beams. It consists of a...

Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous...

A device, also called a fluorescence lifetime instrument, that measures decay curves of fluorescing samples. It generally...

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...

A lack of resolution in a television image as a result of smear ghosts or an insufficiently high video-frequency response....

The Mills Cross telescope is a two dimensional radio telescope in which the two antenna arrays are positioned perpendicular...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

A chart, either printed on paper or prepared photographically on glass plates or film, that consists of 3-bar resolution...

The simplest lens in which all primary aberrations may be corrected. It consists of two positive crown elements on either...

An arc lamp whose carbon electrodes are enclosed in a transparent chamber, resulting in an arc that is steadier, lasts...

A form of dispersing prism, often used in monochromators, that consists of a common right-angle prism with a 30°...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is an optical device used for measuring the wavefront aberrations of an optical system....

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

An optical experiment carried out conclusively in 1887 that demonstrated that the ether, a hypothetical medium postulated by...

An automatic scanning instrument that is used to study a substance's fluorescence over a wide range of wavelengths. It...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

A mirage that consists of an image of an object appearing below its true position as the result of abnormal refraction by...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...

A multilayer coating that manifests both a low radiant reflectance and radiant absorption.

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

Instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study the eye. There are, for instance, the ophthalmoscope to...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

A gauge designed to measure high degrees of vacuum. It consists of a glass bulb attached to the vacuum vessel, the...

A perfect diffuser that exists only as a concept, or a white with known spectral characteristics used as a reference in...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...

A family of specialized instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study a patient's eyes and prescribe...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

A light-sensitive resistor in which resistance decreases with increase in light intensity when illuminated. The device...

Popular process for silicon and polycrystalline production that consists of an alteration of the original state of a...

A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...

A beamsplitter is an optical device for dividing a beam into two or more separate beams. A simple beamsplitter may be a very...

A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...

A protective jacket added to an optical fiber to facilitate use in harsh environments. Armor usually consists of steel or...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called,...

That contrast level that exists between two areas whose difference in brightness is just perceivable.

The continuous group of waves that persists for a short time only.

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

1. A faint second image caused by reflection that is sometimes seen when observing through an optical instrument. 2. With...

Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...

A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...

The Golgi staining technique (also called the black reaction) makes it possible to look at the nervous system by rendering...

An otoscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals, particularly ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists,...

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...

Medical diagnostic (x-ray) imaging using laser printers to produce high-resolution digital hard copy instead of film exposed...

A source that attempts to create the characteristics of an ideal blackbody. It consists of a cavity, generally spherical,...

With reference to electromagnetic radiation, the number of crests of waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time,...

A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

A mode in an optical waveguide whose fields are transversely oscillatory everywhere external to the waveguide. It exists...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

An astronomical telescope is a type of optical instrument designed to gather and magnify light from distant celestial...

A device that consists of two types of mode converters, one of which must be magnetic. It is nonreciprocal because the...

Also referred to as a funduscope, an ophthalmoscope is a specialized instrument used by ophthalmologists for observing and...

A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...

A crystal-based device that combines and adjusts the intensities of multiple wavelengths of laser light in order to obtain...

A device for measuring linear dimensions. The optical caliper generally consists of two circularly mounted mirrors whose...

Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

The use of photographs -- motion picture or still -- to establish if a particular event exists.

Radiation emitted by electrons when they travel in circular orbits at speeds close to that of light. Synchrotron radiation...

A device for automatic exposure control in which a motor-driven diaphragm adjusts the aperture in response to a signal from...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

1. A device generally used in a cathode-ray or camera tube to emit a stream of electrons moving at uniform velocity in a...

Refers to transistors in which the working current flows through two types of semiconductor material: N- and P-type. In...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Developed for use in military reconnaissance systems, it consists of a polygonal mirror, drive motor, interface between...

A laser that emits radiation continuously rather than in short bursts, as in a pulsed laser.

A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

An optical system that is designed to produce a high temperature in a specified area by the optical direction and...

Plastic optical fiber (POF) is a type of optical fiber made from transparent plastic, typically polymethylmethacrylate...

A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...

Also known as roof prism. A type of prism designed by G.B. Amici. It consists of a roof edge produced upon the long...

A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized...

A method of measuring total hemispherical emissivity of the plane surface of a solid that consists of thermally isolating a...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light...

A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

An achromat, in the context of optics, refers to a type of lens or lens system designed to reduce chromatic aberration....

Usually consists of a set of filters that attenuate specific wavelengths but transmit as much visible radiation as possible.

A camera that consists of a concave spherical mirror with an aspheric plate situated at the center of curvature of the...

This term literally means "to lag behind.'' It is quite often used to describe the residual effect that remains after...