A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems. These indicators are commonly used in various fields, including cell biology, neuroscience, and pharmacology, to study calcium...

A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

A photovoltaic device that consists of multiple p-n junctions to produce a greater efficiency when in use than that of...

In optics, the Pockels effect refers to the phenomenon where the refractive index of a material changes in response to an...

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a medical treatment approach that combines elements of phototherapy and immunotherapy to target...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Characteristic of dissimilar metals in thermoelectric solar cells whereby separate junctions exhibiting distinct...

Process for growth of solar cells that results in rectangular shapes consisting of many interconnected cells in a series or...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

A device used to control or block a light beam by means of the Kerr electro-optical effect, and other electro-optic devices...

A technique of using dyes during endoscopy to improve tissue differentiation. Dyes such as methylene blue, Toluidine blue...

In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

A series of solar cells arranged to collect solar radiation and to generate a given amount of electrical energy.

A photoreceptor material used in solar cells and in drums for laser printers and high-speed copiers because of its high...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

A flanged or plain ring with a restricted aperture, located in an optical system at any of several points, that cuts off...

Techniques used in biology to produce microradiographs of cells, tissues or small organisms.

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

The holographic recording of a microscopic specimen whereby magnification is achieved by alteration in a wavelength or...

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

An instrument used to measure the temperature of a source through the use of photoelectric cells to detect and measure the...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

An isotope of cesium that emits negative beta particles and has a half-life of 2.19 years; its applications include...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

The light-sensitive cells on the retina of the eye that are responsible for low-resolution, peripheral vision.

Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...

A multidimensional array of values that is commonly used in programming to describe a time series of image data. Each...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

A scanning technique in optical character recognition in which an array of photocells is used to scan each character to...

A method of data multiplexing that can provide large, instantaneous bandwidths for busy traffic while permitting slow...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...

A photoconductive cell consisting of a layer of selenium on a substrate whose electrical resistance varies with the...

In microscopy, the chamber that is contained on a microscope slide to hold a certain amount of fluid. It is calibrated...

The metal tube that maintains the optical components of a lens in proper relationship. Some lenses are mounted in metal...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ordinary cells that are genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like...

A type of flat panel display made up of a layer of gas between two glass plates. The glass is coated with parallel...

A measure of the optical path length for light traveling from the sun or other celestial source through Earth's atmosphere...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

Colorless crystals used in photoelectric cells and for photosensitive material in cathodes.

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

A group of solar cells that are electrically contacted and physically arranged so that they may be oriented in the direction...

An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Also known as HCS, an analytical method designed to collect statistically relevant amounts of quantitative data on many...

The use of a micromanipulator in combination with a microscope for the purposes of examining, dissecting, or the...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

A device containing two photocells behind deep red and blue filters to measure color temperatures. The amplifier gain is...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

Photocells of various kinds used to measure photometric quantities; i.e., intensity, luminance and illuminance. Meter...

Phototheranostics, a portmanteau of "photo" (light), "therapy," and "diagnostics," refers to an emerging field that combines...

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

Controlled beam technology that introduces beams of sunlight through holes in a roof that are relayed throughout the...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...