Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are produced through different manufacturing processes and have distinct properties and applications. fused quartz and silica...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

In optics, the mechanical tension, compression or shear in optical glass due to internal stress caused by improper cooling...

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

1. The direct storage of data as bits in memory using optical systems and properties. The memory makes use of a laser beam...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

A cooling system used to attain and maintain desired low temperatures in infrared systems. The Stirling type is a mechanical...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A laser having a rod that is a stacked array of discs immersed in a transparent flowing coolant fluid. In this way, the...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

The process of heating and slowly cooling a solid material, like glass or metal, to stabilize its thermal, electrical or...

Employ a Stirling engine for cryogenic cooling.

See thermoelectric cooling.

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

A method of heat removal in which liquid passes through small channels with high packing densities.

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

A detector cooling device in which a gas under high pressure escapes through an expansion valve in the tank; as the escaped...

An atmospheric nonlinear process unique to CO2 laser wavelengths, whereby CO2 absorbs 10.6-µm radiation and the CO2...

Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

Glass that has been specially treated so that it will not shatter when exposed to high temperatures followed by immediate...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A high-frequency pulse-rate laser with an output limited by the heat capacity of the laser medium. Instead of having...

A type of cooling system in which one fluid is used to carry heat off another without direct contact between the two.

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

A refrigeration method based on the Peltier effect. When an electric current passes through a thermocouple of two dissimilar...

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A technique for confining atoms, molecules or small particles within one or more laser beams. This can be accomplished...

A process and method by which manipulation and orientation of a given number of directed laser beams decreases the motion of...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

An abundant material found in the form of quartz and agate and as one of the major constituents of sand. The silicates of...

An infrared imaging device composed of a detector array and readout electronics. It may include a cryogenic cooling system....

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...