Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is highly transparent in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sapphire is known for its exceptional...

A device for converting sunlight into electrical energy, consisting of a sandwich of P-type and N-type semiconducting...

A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...

Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...

In a microscope, the diaphragm located between the Bertrand lens and the eyepiece, which is closed during conoscopic viewing...

A device designed to measure crystal properties by analysis of crystal diffraction.

Luminescence that arises from friction and that usually occurs in crystalline materials.

The capacity of a chiral substance such as a crystal or molecule to rotate the plane of polarized light that is transmitted...

In biaxial crystals, the principal angle that bisects the smaller angle between the optic axes.

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...

A ray that has a nonisotropic speed in a doubly refracting crystal. It does not necessarily obey Snell's law upon refraction...

The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

A form of liquid crystal in which the 90° twist of the twisted nematic phase has been increased to 180° or more,...

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...

A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

The process of aligning the crystallites in a piezoelectric material by placing a large DC field across the element at an...

The property exhibited by certain birefringent crystals in which the degree with which they transmit polarized light is...

A light-sensitive resistor in which resistance decreases with increase in light intensity when illuminated. The device...

Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses,...

With respect to a unit cell in a crystal structure, the property defining an atom located at the center of each face.

A crystal that is devoid of any mosaic structure and that can reflect x-rays, relative to the Darwin-Ewald-Prins law.

A technique proposed for studying the atomic structure of crystals by measuring the interference pattern generated when the...

In photography, the layer of light-sensitive material (usually a suspension of silver halide crystals) that coats the film...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

The study of the arrangement of atoms in a crystal by means of x-rays.

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

The testing by hypothesizing a likely crystal structure, computing a test x-ray diffraction pattern and comparing this to...

A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such...

An acid used to etch the surfaces of particular materials. For glass, hydrofluoric acid is used either as a liquid or a...

A plane in a crystal that lies parallel to the principal plane of symmetry.

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal such as calcite or ruby in which the velocity of the extraordinary ray surpasses that of...

Crystal growth method that resembles static freeze, but that induces growth by removing the ampoule from the furnace so that...

The scattering of x-rays by the regularly spaced atoms in a crystal. The angle at which the reflection occurs is known as...

An erasable data recording and storage medium that uses a laser to heat the crystalline surface of the disc to a certain...

Infrared radiation absorbed by crystals as a result of the excitation of lattice vibrations in which ions having opposite...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

A crystalline semiconductor alloy used as the light confinement layer in both single- and double-heterostructure diode...

Any crystalline material whose length is much less than its measured diameter.

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

With respect to the effect of crystals on lightwaves, the family of curves having constant direction of polarization.

A homogeneous solid solution with crystal lattice sites occupied, at random, by the molecules or ions of two or more...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

A length that denotes the size of the unit cell in a crystal lattice. With respect to the cubic crystal, this is the length...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

Naturally occurring planes in crystalline substances that provide easy points for separation.

An instrument that is used to detect high-energy particles by the pulse of the current formed when a particle passes through...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

A system that applies a crystal as a diffracting agent to photograph the spectrum.

A ruggedized scintillation counter used in oil well logging. The cylindrical housing contains a gamma ray source, a...

An instrument that measures the wavelengths of an x-ray spectrum by the diffraction of x-rays from a crystal with a given...

An array of spectral lines formed when a beam of electrons, striking a crystalline solid, is scattered. It is used in the...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

The collection and detection of x-rays by virtue of their ionizing properties. The ionization may be perceived directly by a...

Irradiation of a cylindrical crystal with an x-ray beam resulting in Bragg diffraction that produces a slightly enlarged...

A form of liquid crystal in which flow does not take place in the usual manner. When examined with polarized light, the...

1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the vertical axis orthogonal to the X-axis. 2. In a quartz crystal structure, the...

Also known as the Bragg spectrometer. A system used for the x-ray analysis of crystal structure. In the instrument, a...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

A crystal that may serve as a diffraction grating if mounted effectively.

A semiconductor formed by applying a particular single-crystal layer to the specific insulator.

A medical imaging device that uses a ring of crystal/photomultiplier tube assemblies encircling the patient to detect gamma...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

A design for bent crystal monochromators in which spacing is constant along any circular arc terminating at the two foci and...

The effect whereby a light beam is deflected by a birefringent prism when its polarization is changed by voltage applied to...

An instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

A laser-pumped crystal with nonlinear optical properties inside of an optical resonator in which the output generates...

The adjustable membrane located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. The iris gives the eye its color. See...

A crystal having identical lattice points.

See crystal quartz; fused quartz.

An alexandrite laser is a solid-state laser that utilizes a synthetic crystal made from the rare earth element alexandrite...

Any of the constants that relate the tendency of the director to remain parallel to restoring torques throughout the media....

The angular change of an incident beam due to vibrational induced refractive index changes within a crystal.

The bending of x-rays by the regular layers of molecules in a crystal acting like a very small diffraction grating. The...

A transparent crystalline substance in which the refractive index of the optic axis (extraordinary axis) is different from...

A technique in which a beam of x-rays is directed against a crystal, the atoms of which, because of their lattice...

A temperature-controlled container used to stabilize the temperature and resonant frequency of a crystal found in a...

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

The plane shared by the pair of axes in a twin crystal.

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

A small region within a single crystal where the molecules form a perfect lattice.

When applied to LCD grids, the active matrix is a means of supplying power to pixels by use of a transistor and capacitor....

A relatively hard crystal, highly resistant to excessive energy radiation, that is frequently used for optical windows,...

In a liquid crystal system, the director refers to the local symmetry axis around which the long range order of the liquid...

A crystal capable of being polarized in the reverse direction when an electric field is applied.

A crystal diode whose rectifying activity is determined by the touching of the crystal to a finely pointed wire surrounded...

A semiconductor device with the property of conducting current more easily in one direction than the other. It has two...

A crystal that is characterized by its relatively poor electrical conductance.

Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

A wireless stereo imaging device used in conjunction with a monitor to produce a virtual interactive environment. Liquid...

The process by which a vitreous or amorphous substance forms a crystal structure at a specified temperature.

A host crystal for chromium that emits pulsed or continuous-wave laser light, tunable from about 720 to 790 nm.

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

A naturally occurring crystalline mineral that has the property of polarizing transmitted light. It is little used now that...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

A periodic structure formed by intersecting or superimposed laser beams. These beams can trap atoms in low-potential...

A prism invented by William Nicol in 1828 that is made of calcite, the end faces of which are ground to an angle of 68°...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

A device to modulate spatially a collimated coherent beam of light with input data in optical data processing. It uses a...

A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...

High-modulus elastic fibers that exhibit the following differences from conventional elastic fibers: Increasing temperature...

The angle between the most divergent rays that can pass through the lens to form an image. In a birefringent crystal light...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

The disordered, glassy solid state of a substance, as distinguished from the highly ordered crystalline solid state....

Also known as zonal axis. The axis positioned through the center of a crystal that is parallel to a zone edge.

An optical instrument, generally a polarizing microscope, that is used to determine the interference figures and optical...

A filter that transmits light in a series of sharp, widely spaced wavelength bands by its sandwich construction of...

Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...

A diode with a semiconducting material, such as germanium or silicon, for one electrode, and a fine wire "whisker''...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor...

An oscillator that uses a piezoelectric crystal to control its frequency.

A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...

That angle found between a pair of adjacent faces of a crystal.

The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

A narrow channel created by cleaving a crystal made of alternating layers of gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide,...

A type of glass used in telescope mirrors, formed by adding a nucleating agent to standard glass and then heating it until...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...

A salt of formic acid that can be used to enhance the photosensitivity of silver halide crystals.

An instrument that uses a crystal to diffract x-rays for the measurement of the intensities of the diffracted rays.

A method of depositing crystalline films one molecular layer at a time, by dipping the substrate into water containing a...

A liquid crystal display using the material in its supertwisted nematic phase; the birefringence of the liquid crystal...

A crystal often used for windows and refracting components in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared. Characteristically,...

A laser system consisting of a planar PN junction within a single crystal of gallium arsenide. The pair of parallel,...

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In...

A solid-state laser consisting of active atoms or ions of a transition metal, rare-earth metal or actinide, imbedded in a...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

A plate made of a double-refracting crystal having such a density that a phase difference of one-quarter cycle is formed...

A type of filter consisting of a series of birefringent crystals and polarizers invented by French astronomer Bernard Lyot...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

The theoretical explanation and analysis of the interactions between electron waves and crystals used in studying electron...

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...

A crystalline material with a high electro-optic coefficient, capable of operating at short wavelengths, with applications...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

1. A group of optical fibers that are fused and then treated to produce a vacuum-tight optical fiber cone or plate. 2. An...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

The dispersion of a light ray striking the surface of a biaxial crystal, in which the resulting rays are reflected in a...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

A polycrystalline material that transmits in the infrared; it is used as a phosphor in x-ray and television screens.

A crystalline material used in piezoelectric devices.

A photonic crystal that comprises magneto-optical material such that the optical response of the device depends on the...

The ray that has an isotropic speed and maintains a uniform polarization in all propagation directions when traveling in a...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

A form of liquid crystal with an appearance of moving, threadlike structures, particularly visible when observed in thick...

A gelatinous fluid that can be used as a porous thin-film coating for optical components, including laser beam collimators,...

The photographic record of the diffracted beams formed when heterogeneous x-rays emerging from a pinhole or slit impinge...

In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...

The separation of unpolarized light into two plane-polarized elements by a doubly refracting crystal. When a crystal, such...

An abundant material found in the form of quartz and agate and as one of the major constituents of sand. The silicates of...

The unusual and anisotropic diamagnetic quality observed in particular crystals such as those composed of bismuth.

A crystal consisting of a substance that has the ability to become electrically polarized and has strong piezoelectric...

With respect to a crystal, having three unequal axes intersecting at angles, only two of which can be equal and only one of...

A crystal formed by covalent bonds that are generally highly directional by nature. The electric characteristics of these...

1. The near total absorption of plane-polarized light by a polarizer that has an axis perpendicular to the plane of...

With respect to crystals, having three mutually rectangular axes, only two of which are equal.

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

A method of manufacturing polycrystalline infrared-transmitting optical fiber by heating a single halide crystal billet and...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

A sheet of plastic material containing microscopic crystals of herapathite or some other similar substance that transmits...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

The optical form of the crystal fluorspar, calcium fluoride, that is utilized for its low optical dispersion, its low...

An optical crystal that possesses a strong nonlinear dielectric response function to optical radiation. A material with a...

The properties exhibited by a semiconductor as the result of its modification by imperfections and impurities in the crystal.

With respect to a crystal, the characteristic of possessing two ends symmetrical with each other.

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

The analysis, by x-rays, of the crystalline structure and other properties of metals and alloys.

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

The perpendicular orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...

Means of amplifying optical waves whereby an intense coherent pump wave is made to interact with a nonlinear optical crystal...

The range of materials that, unlike glass, may be used in the infrared. Water-soluble salts, such as cesium iodide, and...

A microscopic crystal found in an intricately crystallized substance that is only visible under a microscope.

A filter that polarizes light passing through it. It is possible to fabricate sheets of plastic or gelatin that contain...

A device used to investigate the dichroism of crystals.

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...

The parallel orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...

The photoemission that would occur if a crystal were pure and its structure perfect.

The interaction between electrical and mechanical stress-strain factors in a material. When piezoelectric crystal is...

Optic surface cleaning liquid that may be applied to glass, crystal, dielectric and metal surfaces; however, may not be...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

The region of distorted atom configuration formed between the displaced and normal areas in a crystal when part of the...

A transparent crystalline substance that is anisotropic relative to the velocity of light.

The electrostatic field acting locally within a crystal as a result of the microscopic arrangement of atoms and ions in the...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

A regular, periodic, geometric array of points corresponding to the positions of the atoms in a perfect crystal.

A light valve that uses a crystal as the control layer medium and that operates on the principle of the electro-optic effect.

The internal lens of the eye. It is semielastic to permit changes in its power when focusing on objects at near distances.

A crystal of microscopic size having no definite plane faces and having a globular shape. At the time the crystal is formed,...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

The resulting contraction or expansion of a piezoelectric crystal along an electric axis when the crystal is under the...

The section of crystal symmetry having only one-quarter of the greatest number of faces permitted by the crystal system of...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

A crystalline substance in which all planes are parallel, or approximately parallel.

A birefringent crystal having two axes along which there is an absence of double refraction. Mica, sulphur and turquoise are...

1. In a plane Cartesian coordinate system, the horizontal axis, or axis in the left to right direction. 2. In a quartz...

With respect to a crystal, a monoclinic crystal consists of three unequal axes, two of which intersect each other obliquely...

The naturally occurring crystalline form of silicon dioxide. It is slightly birefringent and exhibits rotary dispersion of...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

A Pockels cell, also known as an electro-optic modulator, is an optical device used to control the polarization of light by...

A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...

The analysis of the atomic structures within crystals by means of x-ray diffraction.

The law expressing the condition under which a crystal will reflect a beam of x-rays with the greatest amount of distinction...

The state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are arranged in layers with their long axes in the plane of each layer....

The study of crystal growth from the molten stage utilizing a holographic system wherein interferometric techniques record...

Also called calcite. A natural hexagonal crystal of calcium carbonate. It cleaves readily into rhomboids useful in the study...

White, tetragonal crystals used in the production of luminous coatings.

The determination of a substance's identity or quantity through the analysis of its optical rotation. For example, the...

A crystalline-quartz plate designed according to specifications but having its two major faces parallel.

A uniaxial, birefringent crystal having an ordinary ray with a higher velocity than the extraordinary ray.

An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...

A ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramic material used in optical memories for computers and as a piezoelectric transducer.

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

An alphanumeric display formed by a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between two sheets of glass; a transparent...

The growth of particular grain fragments in a metal or alloy, at the expense of others, that occurs when the metal or alloy...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

In a crystalline substance, the spectral range of states of energy that contains the crystal's binding valence electrons.

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

Light diffracted by a solid (usually quartz in crystal or fused form) traversed by acoustic waves. If the ultrasonic...

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

An opaque inclusion in glass that contains undissolved or crystalline material. Also known as a seed.

A crystalline ferroelectric material used primarily as a substrate and an active medium for thin-film optical modulators and...

The region of a ferroelectric crystal where spontaneous polarization is uniformly directed.

A crystal defect that is a combination of a vacancy and an interstitial created by the removal of an ion from a lattice and...

A type of liquid-crystal display in which each display element contains an active component, such as a thin-film transistor,...

A doubly refracting crystal having a single axis along which there is an absence of double refraction.

An alien, electrically charged atomic system in a solid; an ion substituted for the constituent atom or ion in a crystal...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

A device that uses a piezoelectric crystal to convert ultrasonic sound waves, transmitted through a subject, into a voltage...

A structure consisting of a thin film of liquid crystal sandwiched between light-polarizing filters that have received a...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

Transparent glassy and or crystalline structured materials engineered from inorganic, non-metallic materials via various...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

One of the constants h, k, f or I, used to demonstrate any set of parallel planes in a crystal of the hexagonal system.

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

A compound crystal having two or more crystals or crystal sections that, when regularly positioned, are in reverse position...

One of a class of crystalline substances belonging to triclinic, monoclinic and orthorhombic systems that have two optic...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

Lasers based on neodymium-doped yttrium or gadolinium vanadate crystals. These include yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4),...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

A defect of natural quartz crystals in which both the right and left quartz are in the same crystal.

Popular process for silicon and polycrystalline production that consists of an alteration of the original state of a...

A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective....

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

The organic inclusion in quartz crystal that forms delicate films and microspheres and that shows a maximum absorption at...

A primitive crystal possessing two plane surfaces that form a dihedral angle bisected by another plane surface.

In a crystal, its subdivision into polyhedral blocks of macroscopic sizes, with discontinuities contained in the lattice...

With respect to a crystal, one of the paths or axes that will exhibit a piezoelectric charge when subject to tension or...

1. The reduction in the developable density of a photographic emulsion that has been extremely overexposed. 2. In a laser...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

A position inside a crystal lattice that is not one of the proper lattice sites in the crystal. Impurity ions of the proper...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

A device containing two opposed quartz wedges of equal angle, one wedge being movable along its length by a micrometer...

A technique used to store wavefront information on thin polarization information-recordable materials by controlling the...

Discharge that results when a doped semiconductor crystal with a PN junction is charged with a low-voltage direct current....

A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...

A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to...

Pertaining to the possession of photoelectric characteristics as a result of the properties of the true crystal and not of...

A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...

The axes of symmetry in a crystal structure. See also biaxial crystal; uniaxial crystal.

A microscope that allows examination of a small crystal and conveniently provides linearly polarized object and reference...

An optical correlator incorporating a binary phase-only spatial light modulator made from an iron garnet magneto-optic solid...

A bandpass filter with piezoelectric crystal components for the passage or impedance of electrical signals of various...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

Any of the numerous powders used for grinding and polishing glass, crystal or metal, the chief material being emery and...

A plane passing through a crystal that has the optic axis of the crystal and the light ray under consideration.

In an ionic crystal, the region in the crystal lattice where the ion, predicted to be present, is absent.

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

1. In a polished surface, concentric waves that appear as zones in Newton's rings when a test glass is applied. 2. An...

A technology that uses electrically activated holograms stored within specially developed crystals to route information in...

The phenomenon whereby certain crystals exhibit spontaneous electric polarization. It is analogous with ferromagnetism.

A colorless, crystalline compound whose low refractive index (n = 1.38) makes it effective as a lens antireflection coating...

An LCD that has pixels with no internal drive transistors.

A technique used in radiography to determine a crystal's structure by obtaining radiographs of it in powder form, normally...

An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is a device that utilizes the interaction between sound waves and light waves to modulate...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

A doubly refracting mineral used to produce polarizing prisms. It is uniaxial negative and in the trigonal division of the...

A nonlinear crystal used to modulate a polarized beam of light by means of the Pockels effect. A Pockels cell is used as a...

A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...

A crystal that is held together by covalent bonds.

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

Colorless crystals used in photoelectric cells and for photosensitive material in cathodes.

A crystalline semiconductor material that transmits in the infrared.

A crystal having the axes of its grains aligned so that they have directional magnetic characteristics.

The photographic record of the diffraction pattern formed when x-rays pass through a crystal.

In a multicrystalline material, the meeting point between crystallites.

An infrared detector in which radiation passes through a doped germanium crystal, creating a voltage drop that can be...

A bulk crystalline optic which permits the propagation of light through a volume of index altered material. The variation in...

With respect to the crystal, the decrease in energy that follows the process whereby the ions, separated from each other by...

The study of the transmission of radiant energy through crystals, especially anisotropic crystals, and their effects on...

1. In glass, a solid inclusion having a small diameter. 2. A particular, single crystal that, after undergoing the...

A crystal-based device that combines and adjusts the intensities of multiple wavelengths of laser light in order to obtain...