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digital Dictionary Terms

word
In digital image processing, a unit equal to 16 bits.
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
optical page reader
An optical scanning system found in most computer scanners that can read documents, often in many type styles, and convert...
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
event-based sensor
An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...
Camera Link HS
Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...
brightness resolution
The degree to which a pixel in a digital image represents the analog brightness of the corresponding point in the original...
pixel binning
Pixel binning, also known as pixel merging or pixel combining, is a technique used in digital imaging and camera technology....
charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...
digital optical processing
The scanning of photographs or transparencies of images, either by a vidicon camera or flying spot scanner, for the...
run length coding
A digital imaging method whereby the first gray level of each sequential point-by-point sample and its position in the...
videodisc
A disc whose surface contains recorded digital data at high-packing densities arranged in concentric rings. The data,...
3D printing
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...
spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...
CCD image sensor
A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...
scientific CMOS camera
A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...
area scan
Area scan, in the context of imaging and cameras, refers to a method of capturing an entire two-dimensional image in a...
image processor
A device embodying a microprocessor that converts an image to digital form and then further enhances the image to prepare it...
digital subtraction
The process by which the values of one digital image of an object or scene are removed from a second slightly different...
digital delay generator
An instrument that can preselect intervals, often in increments of 1, 10 or 100 ns, for the generation of electronic pulses...
quantum efficiency
Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...
CoaXPress
CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...
reticle
A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...
optical disc
A rigid medium, generally a polycarbonate substrate coated with a reflective aluminum layer, that stores information (such...
pit
The micrometer-size depressions that store data digitally in an optical data storage medium.
contouring
Selection of specific brightness values or minimum threshold levels as contingencies for the display of digital data.
temporal Fourier hologram
A technique used to suppress extreme noise amplification during digital image reconstruction that relies on smoothing and...
digital image processing
The technique by which an analog image is converted by any of several means into a finite array of points, each represented...
compressed digital video
 white balance
A feature of some imaging devices, such as digital cameras, that allows them to compensate for different lighting conditions...
modulator
A modulator is a device or component that modifies a carrier signal in order to encode information for transmission over a...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
whole slide imaging
Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...
digital radiography
Medical diagnostic (x-ray) imaging using laser printers to produce high-resolution digital hard copy instead of film exposed...
digital
Denoting the use of binary notation; i.e., the representation of data by bits (1 or 0).
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
digital densitometry
Pictorial information processing in which the processed picture shows a family of equidensity lines or bands coded with...
radix
Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.
neuromorphic
Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...
frequency domain
The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...
CMOS camera
A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...
baseband
The simplest method of transmission on a local area network. The entire bandwidth of the cable is used to transmit a single...
modulated grating hologram
A computer-generated, phase-and-amplitude, off-axis hologram made by a multi-exposure technique that uses three computer...
video scan converter
A device that changes the number of lines per frame of a video image to adapt to a lower resolution format, either by...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
bit error rate
The ratio of the number of bits received incorrectly to the total number of bits transmitted digitally in a system.
line-scan camera
A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...
optical combiner
An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...
integrated services digital network
A set of international standards by which a single telecommunications channel is used to transmit voice and data...
intensified charge-coupled device camera
An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...
point cloud
A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...
data compression
A method of storing digital data using techniques that consume less memory space than basic methods do. See differential...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...
red, green, blue
RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is...
videography
Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...
run end coding
A digital imaging method whereby the first gray level in the ordered sequence and the position of the first lengths of all...
digital-to-analog converter
In image processing, a device that transforms the digital data into an analog video image that can be viewed on a monitor or...
frequency shift keying
In digital data transmission, the separation of the two binary states into output at two frequencies.
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
spline function
Potential alternative to the conventional pulse approximation method of digital image processing because of its highly...
filter
1. With respect to radiation, a device used to attenuate particular wavelengths or frequencies while passing others with...
opaque projector
An opaque projector is a device used for enlarging and projecting images from opaque objects such as printed pages,...
virtual histology
Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...
analog-to-digital converter
A device that converts an analog signal, that is, a signal in the form of a continuously variable voltage or current, to a...
biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
mixed-signal oscilloscope
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...
holographic camera
A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...
neuromorphic vision sensor
A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...
power modulation
Power modulation refers to the intentional variation of power levels in a signal, often in the context of electronic...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
linear image sensor
A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....
low-pass filter
In digital image processing, a method of convolution that reduces random noise by replacing the value of each pixel with the...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
digital point system
A pixel-based computer graphics system that simulates the tools of an artist.
charge-injection device
A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a...
orange peel
In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...
digitizer
A device that samples and quantizes a signal in digital form for storage in memory.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an international standard for medical imaging created by both the...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...
active-matrix OLED display
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
pulse analyzer
The instrument used to analyze a pulsed electromagnetic wave to determine its time, amplitude, duration and shape, and to...
digital filter
A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series...
selective laser melting
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...
optical tape recorder
An instrument used for video or computer data storage in which a laser optical head is used to write digital information...
frame grabber
Image processing peripheral that converts video images from cameras into digital format and transfers these digital images...
regenerative repeater
A repeater that is designed for digital transmission. Also called a regenerator.
photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...
digital video compression
A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image....
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...
point processing
In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that transforms pixel brightness and contrast through use of...
fan-in
The simultaneous collection of two or more signals at a single location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of...
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
pixel group processing
In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that treats each pixel in terms of its relationship to...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
metaverse
The term "metaverse" refers to a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
digital twin
A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...
micro-LED
Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
pixel pitch
Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...
camera memory
Primary image memory that is built into a digital camera and stores the digital images generated by the camera's image...
free-space optics
Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...
digital photography
A form of photography in which an electronic camera converts an image to an electronic signal that is stored in digital...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
bit
A contraction of binary digit; the fundamental unit of digital computing, a bit is either 1 or 0, expressing the binary...
camera
A light-tight box that receives light from an object or scene and focuses it to form an image on a light-sensitive material...
additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...
amplitude shift keying
In digital data transmission, the representation of a bit by change in amplitude of the outgoing signal. Amplitude shift...
fiber optic cable assembly
A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...
fan-out
The distribution of one signal to more than one location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of outputs that can...
quantitative phase imaging
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...
digital holographic microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...
optical repeater
In an optical fiber or waveguide communications system, an optoelectronic device or module that receives an optical signal,...
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
spatial resolution
Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

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