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filter Dictionary Terms

band-elimination filter
A filter that suppresses a given range of frequencies, transmitting only those above and below that band. Also called bandstop filter.
confocal resonator
A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...
near-infrared camera
A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...
infinity space
In a microscope, a space reserved to accommodate an optical filter or polarizer.
optical glass
Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...
light filter
A homogeneous optical medium or coating that transmits only in particular regions of the spectrum. It is used to change or...
x-ray absorbing filter
A window made of glass containing a high percentage of lead or other dense material known to absorb x-rays readily.
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
electron filter lens
An electrostatic device that uses an electric potential barrier to allow the transmittance of electrons at or above a set...
invisible light filter
A filter that transmits infrared and ultraviolet but is opaque to visible radiation.
low-pass filter
In digital image processing, a method of convolution that reduces random noise by replacing the value of each pixel with the...
multiband camera
A group of four cameras loaded with different combinations of filters and film (one is usually an infrared color film) to...
piezo-optical transducer
A structure consisting of a thin film of liquid crystal sandwiched between light-polarizing filters that have received a...
infrared filter
A filter exhibiting transparency, absorption or reflectance characteristics specifically for spectral control of wavelengths...
separation filters
Three filters used in making a color print of a color negative, red, green and blue-violet, respectively. Each filter...
cutoff wavelength
1. In detector technology, the long wavelength at which detector response falls to a set percentage (usually 20 or 50...
half bandwidth
The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...
custom optic
A custom optic refers to an optical component that is designed, manufactured, and tailored to meet specific requirements or...
wide-field fluorescence microscopy
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...
light balancing filter
 dispersion filter
A complex filter that uses polarization and interference to transmit light that is nearly monochromatic.
photometric filter
 polarizing filter
A filter that polarizes light passing through it. It is possible to fabricate sheets of plastic or gelatin that contain...
haze filter
A filter, used in photography, that absorbs the ultraviolet and extreme blue violet radiation scattered by atmospheric haze.
compensating filter
A filter used in photography to change the spectral composition of light entering a camera, or to adjust color balance...
metallic mesh filter
An interference filter in which a very thin metal foil with a periodic array of square holes (inductive mesh) or a thin...
gray filter
phase distrortion
Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...
spot filter
A neutral density filter that, when placed in front of the iris of a lens, increases the f-stop range.
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
indium gallium arsenide camera
An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...
interference filter
A filter that controls the spectral composition of transmitted energy partially by the effects of interference. Frequently,...
filter factor
The necessary increase of a photograph's exposure time as the result of the additional absorption of light by the filter...
filter spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer that makes use of filters to isolate narrow bands of the spectrum.
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
gas filter correlation
A technique for measuring the concentration of any gases. Identical infrared beams are alternately chopped, one passing...
covered groove
A technique used in integrated optics where a groove is cut on a substrate surface and covered by a thin film to facilitate...
diffuse-cutting filter
A color filter that is designed to gradually increase or decrease its absorption with wavelength.
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
monochromatic filter
A filter that transmits a single spectral line emitted by a line source.
contrast improvement
One area of image enhancement, accomplished by spatial filtering schemes, that usually involves attenuation of phase changes...
spatial filter
1. Generally, an emulsion mask having a clean annular region in an otherwise opaque region. It is designed to eliminate...
photoelectric colorimetry
The measurement and analysis of color using a photoelectric instrument having three filters with broad spectrum bands.
micro-ring resonator
A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
notch filter
Also referred to as a band-stop or band rejection filter; a notch filter is a filter that is designed to screen out a very...
liquid gate
An immersion liquid used to treat polarizing filters to eliminate the effects of surface variations and to minimize the...
effect filter
A color filter, generally used in photography, to emphasize certain color tones and to modify others in a picture for a more...
soft mold blocking
Blocking by means of a pitch ring, pitch button or a totally pitched block. Pitch, containing a soft filter, may be used...
angle-tracking system
A system in which a sequence of direct measurements of the target position is fed into a tracking filter that may produce...
filter wheel
A device that holds a number of filters and allows the filter with the desired characteristics to be rotated into an optical...
bandstop filter
contrast filter
A filter designed to improve contrast in an imaging system. For visual and black and white photosystems, a yellow filter is...
integrated optics
A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...
median filtering
In image processing, a method of local smoothing by replacing each pixel with the median gray level of neighboring pixels.
color conversion filter
A filter that serves to alter the color temperature and the mired value of the radiation emitted by a source.
ultrashort-pulse laser
A laser capable of generating light pulses that last only a few femtoseconds. This can be achieved by nonlinear filtering to...
lenticular color photography
A type of additive color photography using a lenticular structure impressed on a film base and a camera lens with a filter...
current transient
A sudden, brief increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Preventive...
Fabry-Perot etalon
A nonabsorbing, multireflecting device, similar in design to the Fabry-Perot interferometer, that serves as a multilayer,...
metasurfaces
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...
bandpass
The range of frequencies that will pass through a filter or other device. Synonymous with passband.
constant variant enhancement
Technique that uses high-pass filtering to reduce the local average to zero for all regions of the picture and then applies...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
infrared photography
The photographic recording of images on a medium sensitive to infrared radiation, using a source capable of emitting in the...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
laser line filter
A narrow linewidth optically transmissive or reflective component intended for use with a highly monochromatic or single...
optical design software
Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...
optical coatings
Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...
optical design and engineering services
Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...
color scanner
An instrument that uses a beam of light to scan a color transparency, and three differently filtered photosensors to record...
optical Fourier transform
The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...
photonic cavity
A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...
equivalent air path
When a block of glass (prism, window, filter, etc.) is placed into a converging light bundle, it increases the physical...
etalon
An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....
filter grating
A grating used as a reflectance filter, particularly in the far-infrared. Small plane gratings, blazed for the wavelength of...
optical staining
With respect to microscopy, also called dispersive staining, optical staining the projection of colors through areas of a...
kinoform filter
A computer-generated kinoform used for data processing because of its use of incoherent light and its wide field of view,...
neodymium glass
Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...
sky filter
A filter designed to decrease the luminosity of the sky without decreasing that of the landscape in the foreground. A filter...
linear image sensor
A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....
printer
A photographic enlarger with a fixed negative plane and a fixed paper plane, often using a roll of paper that is advanced...
photoelectric fluorometer
A filter fluorometer that uses a photomultiplier tube to detect the fluorescence of a sample.
color filter
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
Christiansen-effect filter
A transparent powdered solid immersed in a liquid or plastic of similar refractive index but widely different dispersion;...
subtractive color process
The basic process of color photography whereby colors are subtracted from white light by means of filters, making all colors...
birefringent filter
A filter that transmits light in a series of sharp, widely spaced wavelength bands by its sandwich construction of...
Ruticon
A ruticon is an opto-electronic device in which light going through it can be modulated by an electric field. The...
narrowband pyrometer
An optical pyrometer that is equipped with a narrow bandpass filter to transmit a limited number of wavelengths to the...
radial runoff
The deviation from the ideal case where a circular variable filter is located at a given wavelength along a radial line (or...
diffusing filter
A filter purposely made to be placed before a lens to render the image rather unclear.
optical correlator
A device incorporating a spatial light modulator and a reference filter; used for matching an input optical waveform or...
apodization
The use of a variable transmission filter at the aperture stop of a lens to modify its diffraction pattern. Reduced...
thin-film coating
Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
half-power point
1. The value on either the leading or the trailing edge of a laser pulse at which the power is one-half of its maximum...
ultraviolet absorbing filter
A filter that is opaque from 200 to 400 nm.
heat-absorbing filter
A glass filter that transmits visible light while absorbing infrared energy (heat).
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
acousto-optic tunable filter
A bulk crystalline optic which permits the propagation of light through a volume of index altered material. The variation in...
flash photographic density filter
A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...
wedge filter
An optical filter so constructed that the density increases progressively from one end to the other, or angularly around a...
phase-only filter
A type of matched filter that responds only to the phase of incoming light; the output has a much greater intensity than...
spike filter
A multilayer filter that passes only a narrow band of wavelengths.
interferometric modulator display
Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...
dichroic mirror
A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...
spectral pyrheliometer
Any pyrheliometer that has a filter placed over its sensor to limit the range of solar radiation it will detect; used to...
polarizing prism
A device that is used to produce or analyze plane-polarized light. It may be a Nicol prism or some other form of calcite...
liquid filter
A solution or combination of solutions that serves as a filter.
holographic grating
A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...
composite wave filter
A transducer composed of more than one high-pass, bandpass, low-pass or band-elimination filter.
filter
1. With respect to radiation, a device used to attenuate particular wavelengths or frequencies while passing others with...
laser optics
Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...
serpentine bend mode filter
A device used in measuring attenuation in optical fiber. The loss caused by the bends in a short reference length of fiber...
sunlight recorder
An instrument consisting essentially of a photoelectric cell filtered to respond to a specified wavelength region, an...
adaptive deconvolution
The process of adjusting input pixel by pixel at the filter plane to adapt to nondeal phase behavior in an optical...
narrow bandpass filter
plasmon ion-assisted deposition
Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...
vacuum apparatus
Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...
long-pass filter
A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...
edge filter
colorimetric photometer
A photometer that uses a set of color filters to measure the intensity of light in various regions of the spectrum.
Butterworth filter
An electric filter that is characterized by a passband of the flattest possible shape.
monochromator
A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...
bandpass filter
A filter with a transmission that is high for a particular band of frequencies, but that falls to low values above and below...
nonlinear optical processing
Derivative of the half-tone screen process involving the fabrication of a binary pulse-width modulated copy of the...
ideal filter
Any filter in which the range of frequencies within a chosen radius suffers no attenuation and the range of frequencies...
pixel group processing
In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that treats each pixel in terms of its relationship to...
hyperspectral imaging camera
A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...
circular variable filter
An optical interference coating, vacuum-deposited on a circular substrate, whose transmission characteristics may be varied...
color temperature meter
A device containing two photocells behind deep red and blue filters to measure color temperatures. The amplifier gain is...
holographic matched filter
A specific type of hologram that will transmit a pure plane wave when the hologram is illuminated by the type of wave it is...
viewing filter
A filter, pale purple in color, used in black and white photography to display the brightness values of a subject being...
Bragg grating
A filter that separates light into many colors via Bragg's law. Generally refers to a fiber Bragg grating used in optical...
optical assembly
An optical assembly refers to a collection of optical components that are carefully arranged and aligned to perform a...
microreciprocal degree
An approximated measure of the smallest change in color temperature detectable by the human eye, defined as the reciprocal...
dichroic coating
A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...
compensating glass
Also known as clear glass or clear filter. The clear glass plate is used to simulate a filter, in converging or diverging...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
whispering gallery mode
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) refers to a phenomenon in wave physics, particularly in optics, where waves, such as light or...
metallic coating
A thin layer of metal deposited on the surface of a substrate. The film may serve as a reflector, beamsplitter, neutral...
power spectrum equalization
A filtering method that restores a blurred image by setting its power spectrum equal to that of the original image.
frequency domain
The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...
zero-order filtering
The removal of the zero-order component of the Fourier spectrum distribution of an object with a small, opaque absorber or...
thin film
A thin layer of a substance deposited on an insulating base in a vacuum by a microelectronic process. Thin films are most...
second-harmonic generation microscopy
A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...
flame photometer
Any of a number of instruments that uses a flame to vaporize a solution of the chemical being analyzed so that light may be...
Laurent polarimeter
A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...
anaglyph
An image that can be studied three-dimensionally through a pair of complementary color filters composed of two superimposed...
infrared optic
Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...
cold-light illumination
A means of illumination from which the infrared component has been removed by absorption or reflection filters within the...
inner focusing
In a camera, the movement of one or more lenses behind the front lens, rather than of the front lens itself, to bring the...
optical correlation
The procedure by which the similarity of an optical signal or waveform to a reference-stored signal or waveform is...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
digital filter
A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series...
binary phase-only filtering
 cineradiography
The photographic filming of the action of x-ray images recorded on a fluorescent screen by means of large lens apertures and...
short-wave pass filter
A filter that is transparent to shorter wavelengths, but opaque to longer wavelengths.
minimum object distance
Minimum object distance, often abbreviated as MOD, refers to the closest distance at which a camera lens or optical system...
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
laser eyewear
Usually consists of a set of filters that attenuate specific wavelengths but transmit as much visible radiation as possible.
amplified spontaneous emission
Broadband radiation emitted by a laser that does not transmit through the optical element. It can be removed by filtering.
Wiener filtering
A method that embraces the classical approach to image restoration and attempts to minimize the mean square difference...
optical cements and adhesive
Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...
fiber Bragg grating
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...
comb filter
A filter that passes a series of wavelength regions that are at equal distances from one another, such that its output...
Zernike's phase contrast method
The introduction of a filter into an imaging system to implement a phase contrast for an intensity mapping of a pure phase...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
antialiasing
In image processing, methods of reducing image defects that result from false data. Techniques include sampling, linear...
crystal filter
A bandpass filter with piezoelectric crystal components for the passage or impedance of electrical signals of various...
angular tracking
A laser radar application in which a sequence of direct measurements of target position is fed into a tracking filter to...
edge enhancement
In image processing, any operation that strengthens information about the edges of objects displayed. Three types of spatial...
heat-transmitting filter
A filter that allows heat radiation from an incident beam to pass without absorption or reflection.
matched filter
A filter that maximizes signal-to-noise ratio so that a waveform of known shape can be separated from random noise.
long-wave pass filter
A filter that is transparent to longer wavelengths but opaque to shorter wavelengths.
scattered light filter
A specific type of filter designed to reduce the amount of light scattered by reflections from the edges of optical...
image restoration
Filtering procedures aimed at estimating the original image by removing the blurring and noise suppression that occur during...
spatial filtering
In image processing, the enhancement of an image by increasing or decreasing its spatial frequencies.
waveguide
A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...
multispectral photography
The use of narrow bandpass filters and special photographic emulsions to discern features of a surface that would not be...
high-pass filter
A filter possessing one transmission band that extends from a cutoff frequency other than zero to frequency at infinity.
modulated grating hologram
A computer-generated, phase-and-amplitude, off-axis hologram made by a multi-exposure technique that uses three computer...
safelight
Filtered light to which photographic or other photosensitive materials are not responsive; used to illuminate darkrooms when...
mode filter
A device used in measuring the attenuation of multimode optical fibers. A short reference length of fiber when combined with...
soft-focus filter
A filter that creates spherical aberration resulting in an image with a soft outline.
broadband filter
A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...
Lyot filter
A type of filter consisting of a series of birefringent crystals and polarizers invented by French astronomer Bernard Lyot...
digital signal processing
Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...
dielectric filter
 exciter filter
In ultraviolet and fluorescence photography, the term applied to the filter used in the photographic system and with the...
filter kernal
A function used in a convolution filtering operation. The image to be filtered is convolved with the filtering kernel to...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
clear filter
 Solc filter (Šolc filter)
A type of birefringent filter, similar in principle to the Lyot filter, consisting of many identical birefringent elements,...
cuton wavelength
In filter terminology, that wavelength where the filter transmission increases beyond 5 percent.
novelty filter
A filtering device that detects what is new in a scene of interest. Often compared to that of a temporal high pass filter,...
neutral density filter
A light filter that equally decreases the intensity of all wavelengths of light without altering the relative spectral...
reflected ultraviolet photography
A photographic method used to obtain an image of a subject by means of its reflectance of incident ultraviolet radiation. An...
heat filter
 three-filter densities
Integral densities that are measured relative to arbitrarily selected red, green and blue filters.

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