Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms, leading to their emission of fluorescence light. This technique is widely used in scientific research, analytical chemistry, and...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Instrument that uses absorption spectroscopy to detect gases in planetary atmospheres. Dispersed incoming radiation is...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

That branch of science involved in the study and utilization of the motion, emissions and behaviors of currents of...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...

A technique for measuring the concentration of any gases. Identical infrared beams are alternately chopped, one passing...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

The study of highly ionized gases. Many phenomena not exhibited by uncharged gases are associated with plasma physics.

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...

An instrument incorporating an infrared detector assembly, used to analyze carbon dioxide gases and in medical applications...

A mass spectrometer used to detect ions formed by photo- and charge-exchange ionization of gases, such as those in the lunar...

A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized...

A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...

A glow discharge lamp consisting of a cold cathode and a mixture of inert gases. The intensity of illumination varies with...

Equipment used for chemical analysis by investigation of the spectra formed and observed in chemical activity. Of particular...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

A discharge tube filled with various gases and used as a source in spectroscopy.

A specific gas-filled tube designed to illustrate the luminous effects of discharges through rarefied gases.

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

A pollution-measuring device used to detect the presence of nitric oxide regardless of other gases present. It utilizes the...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

An instrument used to measure expansion of solids, liquids and gases.

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Sharp and narrow absorption lines found in the spectra of stars. They result from the absorption of a part of a star's...

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

A range of wavelengths within which radiation transmitted through the atmosphere suffers relatively little absorption by...

The elimination of gases from the surfaces of a vacuum system by heating the surfaces when the pumping phase is occurring.

A vacuum pump in which pressure is reduced by condensing gases on surfaces cryogenically cooled to about 20 K (liquid...

The use of a reflective device, which can be fashioned from a variety of materials including gases, solids, dyes, aerosols,...

A gas laser having a mixture of gases that makes it useful in the lab. The mixture of gases flows through a pressure and...

A measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...

A vapor-phase oxidation process for fabricating graded-index optical fibers. It differs from outside vapor phase deposition...

Mathematical compensation for the nonhydrogenic behavior of recombination radiation levels of gases, based on the quantum...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

The method that, by measuring the absorption along an atmospheric path at wavelengths ranging from two to a continuum, can...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

The exact mathematical description of the interactions of matter and intense electromagnetic fields, such as those that...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

A device used to measure the pressure of gases and vapors, without regard to atmospheric pressure.

The induced birefringence in isotropic gases that results when the gases are placed in strong fields.

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this...

A laser, usually employing helium-neon or other gases as the active medium, used for alignment in industrial applications.