A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and analyze images to perform automated inspection, measurement, and quality control tasks in industrial applications. These...

Light emitted by one or more sources and characterized by a high degree of scatter.

A microscope design that involves apertures inserted in conjugate plane positions inside the microscope, with one aperture...

Equal to 10-3 lux; used in measuring low values of illumination and luminance.

A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an...

An aspheric lens is a type of lens whose surface profiles deviate from the traditional spherical shape. Unlike spherical...

The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...

In visual perception, the smallest difference in illumination perceived on the average.

Luminous flux incident per unit area of a surface; luminous incidence. (The use of the term "illumination" for...

Illumination in which the light source is imaged at the object.

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

The breakdown of the bonds in polymer chains caused by illumination.

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

An Abbe condenser in which the upper lens element is fixed. The lower lens may focus the illumination between the elements...

Standard light source representative of the quality of specified natural or artificial illumination.

A photometer having a pair of Nicol prisms introduced into the beam from the brighter of two sources to be compared. Turning...

A lamp that uses the transmission of an electric current through a gas or vapor to produce illumination. Neon, mercury and...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

An imaging system designed to highlight small deviations in a planar reflective object such as a mirror. The system can be...

Reflectance in a specified direction, for a specified direction of incident illumination.

Also referred to as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy; Nomarski microscopy is a unique form of microscopy...

The fusion frequency of flicker that is needed just to produce complete fusion and to assure the visual sensation of...

The end of an optical fiber farthest from the source of illumination.

A superposition of many zone plates, each reconstructing a real and virtual point image at the appropriate locations upon...

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

A device for the internal inspection of hard-to-get-at mechanical parts, such as rifle barrels, sewer pipes, oil wells, or...

A photoconductive cell consisting of a layer of selenium on a substrate whose electrical resistance varies with the...

The recording of three or more separate holograms having a different color on a medium, so that illumination with a tricolor...

Light that is a mixture of wavelengths.

The unit solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on its surface equivalent to the square of the radius;...

Also known as a white-light interferometer. Measures surface texture and shape from nanometer-scale roughness to...

The fluctuation in apparent illumination that has a rate comparable to the reciprocal of the period of persistence in vision.

Metamerism that occurs when the geometry of illumination or viewing is changed.

Machine vision lighting refers to the use of specific lighting techniques and equipment in the field of machine vision,...

A common technique in microscopy, oblique illumination is one in which the object is illuminated by a light source that is...

An imaging device originally created to image whole mouse brain volumes at microscopic resolution. The main component of the...

A photometric instrument used to measure the illumination falling on a surface. It may be photoelectric or visual.

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

The light from a nonselective diffuse reflector due to the standard illumination of the scene to be televised.

An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...

Noise created by patterns imaged on a CCD surface. Pixel sensitivity is altered by responsivity during illumination.

Generally, the orientation of rays of light striking a surface.

The ability of the human eye to adjust itself to low levels of illumination.

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure...

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...

A two-stage illuminating system for a microscope in which the source is imaged in the aperture of the substage condenser by...

With respect to microscopy, light that is directed down through the objective onto the specimen and then returned by...

A system that determines whether an image is in or out of focus by means of a source of illumination at the conjugate focal...

An instrument used for viewing in low levels of illumination by means of infrared radiation. A high-aperture lens forms an...

With relation to the equivalent beam candlepower of a searchlight, the candlepower of a bare source that would produce the...

A form of lens assembly used in a projection system to maximize efficiency and assure uniform illumination of the object...

An electric arc that is formed in mercury vapor through which an electric current flows. The intensity of the illumination...

Also known as single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), this process was designed for imaging of sensitive samples and...

Plastic optical fiber (POF) is a type of optical fiber made from transparent plastic, typically polymethylmethacrylate...

A Michelson-type interference microscope used to produce interference patterns of reflective specimens through the...

An illuminometer designed to measure illumination in terms of luxes.

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

An eyepiece used in a polariscope or polarizing microscope to give a comparison view of the same object under illumination...

1. The combination of the effects of two or more stimuli in any given sense to form a single sensation. With respect to...

A method of demonstration or examination using a point source illumination without the use of any projection lens between...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

A room that is light-tight, permitting total darkness or illumination with a safelight when working with photosensitive...

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A specially designed microscope for observing the etched surface of a polished metal specimen. The specimen is often laid...

Law relating the illuminance (or irradiance) of a surface to the cosine of the angle, q, between the normal to the surface...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, the international commission on illumination.

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

The amplitude, polarization and phase contained in the field distribution over the aperture.

A type of microscope that uses radiation in the infrared region to illuminate objects that are opaque to visible radiation....

A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by locating a point between the two light sources where the...

A hologram facet illumination technique in which the illuminating beam is twice the size of the hologram facet so that full...

The equivalent f number of a fictitious lens that has a circular opening and 100 percent transmittance, which would give the...

Illumination of hologram facets with a beam that covers only a small portion of the hologram in order to optimize laser...

Image of a uniform source through the sample of a microscope image system. Light from the sample plane is reimaged by the...

A photomicrographic recording technique that utilizes dark-field illumination to render an image of an object having a...

A condenser composed of a paraboloidal reflector and used for dark-field illumination.

Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...

In optical character recognition, the mechanical or electronic transducer used to detect the level of illumination present...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

Instrumentation designed to permit the perception, recording or measurement of scenes under conditions of low incident...

With respect to microscopy, light that is directed through the specimen by a substage condenser.

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

Spectral power distribution representing a standard source of illumination, which may be real or hypothetical.

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

A small convergent lens, located between the objective and eyepiece of a microscope, that focuses an image of the upper...

A two-electrode, radiation-sensitive junction formed in a semiconductor material in which the reverse current varies with...

A CIE index describing the changes in color of standard test objects when the illumination is changed from a standard to a...

Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...

A glow discharge lamp consisting of a cold cathode and a mixture of inert gases. The intensity of illumination varies with...

A mask-alignment microscope used to produce and inspect microcircuits in the electronics industry. It provides flat-field,...

3D Laser Triangulation - A technology that allows sensors to probe the surroundings. Laser triangulation systems have an...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...

A means of illumination from which the infrared component has been removed by absorption or reflection filters within the...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

Also known as amplification. 1. The increase in a signal that is transmitted from one point to another through an amplifier....

A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...

A means of adjusting the sharpness of an image automatically, with a sensor for estimating distance or contrast and a drive...

The illumination generally used in microscopy, whereby the specimen appears dark against a light background.

A telescopic light-sensing meter used to measure illumination levels of small regions at a distance of many feet; it is used...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

Light produced by visible radiation that moves from the light source to the object without reflection. With respect to...

The general term for the application of light to a subject. It should not be used in place of the specific quantity...

The light formed by visible radiation that, in traveling from light source to object, undergoes one or more reflections. In...