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isplay Dictionary Terms

radar display
The spontaneous visual presentation of radar information by electronic traces on a cathode-ray tube.
video graphics array
A display standard no longer in use and originally defined for IBM PCs, with 640 3 480 pixels in 16 colors and a 4:3 aspect...
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
bit mapping
In computer graphics, the assignment of each pixel on a display screen to its own switch in the computer memory.
spectrum analyzer
A scanning device used to cyclically tune through a given frequency range to determine the amplitude-frequency distribution...
passive-matrix liquid crystal display
An LCD that has pixels with no internal drive transistors.
deflection focusing
The progressive defocusing of a cathode-ray tube display image that occurs when the deflected electron beam impinges on the...
flexible display
A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...
eye box
The area in a 2-D or 3-D microdisplay viewer within which the eye can move and still see the entire image.
active-matrix
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
electroluminescent display
The utilization of the light produced when electrical energy is directly converted into light within devices used for visual...
interferometric modulator display
Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...
absolute colorimetric
Method of preserving the measured color value and color information as it is translated from differing devices. For example...
liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
uniform luminance area
In a cathode-ray tube, the region wherein a display on the tube keeps 70 percent or more of its luminance at the center of...
beam position
In computer graphics, the point on the display screen where the electron beam is located before the display instruction is...
light pen
A handheld, light-sensitive device that is used with a display console to directly change, measure or erase the visual...
advanced driver assistance systems
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...
image comparison
A method used in imaging to detect subtle differences between two apparently similar pictures. It can be achieved by...
active-matrix display
A type of liquid-crystal display in which each display element contains an active component, such as a thin-film transistor,...
focus control
1. A mechanism that permits the focusing of an optical system.2. A means of obtaining the sharpest image from a cathode-ray...
electrowetting display
An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...
addressability
In display technology, an expression of resolution given by the number of pixels in both the horizontal and the vertical...
dynamic spectroscopy
A spectroscopic technique used to display the intensity of an optical pulse as functions of time and frequency...
micro-LED
Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
helmet-mounted display
A compact optical projection system, mounted on or built into a helmet, and used to project data or a scene directly into...
integram
A reflection hologram using multiple color lasers that integrates various graphical techniques to allow the display of...
red, green, blue
RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is...
narcissus
A defect in infrared systems that appears as a dark circular area on a displayed image, caused by radiation reflecting into...
supertwisted nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal in which the 90° twist of the twisted nematic phase has been increased to 180° or more,...
digital image processing
The technique by which an analog image is converted by any of several means into a finite array of points, each represented...
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
liquid crystal display
An alphanumeric display formed by a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between two sheets of glass; a transparent...
galvanometric scanner
A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...
photometry
Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...
smectic phase
A form of liquid crystal in which flow does not take place in the usual manner. When examined with polarized light, the...
cathode-ray output
A term used in data processing to describe a cathode-ray tube that displays graphic or character data.
endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...
electrochromic display
Type of solid-state display tube in which the readout surface is coated with a material that changes color when positively...
blinking
Intentionally alternating the intensity of a display element in a graphic display device.
visual storage tube
An electron tube that stores and visually displays information by means of a cathode-ray-beam-scanning and charge-storage...
raster unit
The vertical or horizontal distance between two addressable points on a display screen; indicates the basic resolution...
shadow mask tube
A type of color-generating cathode-ray tube that uses a shadow mask, a thin perforated electrode, located close to the...
imaging science
The science of producing, recording, storing, transmitting and displaying visual images by any system (photographic, video,...
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
positive dielectric anisotropy
The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...
viewing filter
A filter, pale purple in color, used in black and white photography to display the brightness values of a subject being...
display primaries
field emission display
An X-Y electrically addressable series of arrays with individual electron emitters bombarding a phosphor-coated transparent...
computer graphics
Computer output in the form of pictorial representation (graphs, charts, drawings, etc.) that is displayed visually.
antialiasing
In image processing, methods of reducing image defects that result from false data. Techniques include sampling, linear...
polygonal mirror
A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...
bistable display
A matrix-controlled display that has information storage at the display surface, and requires that an element be addressed...
deformation constant
Any of the constants that relate the tendency of the director to remain parallel to restoring torques throughout the media....
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
jitter
1. In relation to cathode-ray tube displays, errors in the signal's amplitude, phase or both that result in small, rapid...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
ultrasonic imaging
The formation and display of three-dimensional images by ultrasonic energy. In one technique, the energy pulses from an...
mass spectrum
A spectrum that displays the distribution in mass or in mass-to-charge ratio of ionized atoms, molecules or molecular parts....
output spectrum display
The direct computation of the Fourier transform of the space variant system output of an optical processor with a single...
bit boundary block transfer
A data transfer function that moves a rectangular group of pixels between bit maps. Often used in displaying cursors and...
radioautograph
The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and...
gravitational imaging
A process used to detect minute gravitational fields and to display images from objects by means of radiated gravitational...
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
acousto-optic modulators and deflectors
An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is a device that utilizes the interaction between sound waves and light waves to modulate...
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
high dynamic range
High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...
edge enhancement
In image processing, any operation that strengthens information about the edges of objects displayed. Three types of spatial...
lookup table
In image processing, the memory that stores the values for the point processes. Input pixel values are those for the...
passive-matrix OLED display
An OLED display formed by creating an array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and cathode conductors arranged...
camera
A light-tight box that receives light from an object or scene and focuses it to form an image on a light-sensitive material...
fluorescent screen
A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...
radargrammetry
The analysis of the photographs taken from the radar display of a survey aircraft and used when recording terrain that is...
virtual retinal display
The use of miniature scanners to project raster-scanned video images directly onto the surface of the human retina,...
contouring
Selection of specific brightness values or minimum threshold levels as contingencies for the display of digital data.
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
character generator
Computer hardware or firmware that accesses character patterns stored in read-only memory and displays them at specific...
micro-optics
Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....
display
The observable illustration of an image, scene or data on a screen such as a console or cathode-ray tube, seen as a graph,...
display console
A visual display used with a computer to give access to the many elements of data as an array of points. With the display...
visually coupled display
thermoplastic recording device
A display device having a thermoplastic film as the control layer medium. The film, moving from a playoff reel, is scanned...
image retaining panel
A type of electroluminescent display that will record and maintain an irradiated image on its phosphor screen, provided a DC...
structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
electrocapillarity modulator
A type of optical modulator with potential application in optical switching and displays, in which applied voltage causes a...
mixed-signal oscilloscope
A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...
twisted nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...
frequency domain
The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...
keystone distortion
A type of geometrical distortion that brings about a trapezoidal display of a nominally rectangular picture. Usually...
aspect ratio
With respect to pictorial displays, the ratio of the width to the height. The television standard in the US is 4:3....
liquid-surface holography
The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...
radiophotoluminescence
The luminescence displayed when particular minerals are irradiated with β-rays and g-rays, after being exposed to...
active-matrix liquid crystal display
When applied to LCD grids, the active matrix is a means of supplying power to pixels by use of a transistor and capacitor....
eye pattern
A pattern on an oscilloscope display that consists of a string of shapes that resemble eyes. Because the pattern becomes...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
cathode-ray graphic display
A cathode-ray tube, driven by a computer, that receives impulses of information from the computer and displays it in a...
quantum confinement
Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...
receiver primaries
Also known as display primaries. Colors formed by a television receiver that are of constant chromaticity and variable...
light valve
With respect to display systems, a device that uses an independent light source and a control-layer medium, the active...
forward-looking infrared
A night-vision device that uses one or more infrared transducers to scan a scene in the 3- to 5-µm or 8- to...
head-up display
An optical system that superimposes a synthetic display providing navigational or weapon-aiming information on a pilot's or...
character generation cathode-ray tube
A cathode-ray tube that generates symbols for use in other displays. The tube operates by scanning specific characters on...
monostable display
A matrix-controlled display that has no information storage at the display surface.
enhanced picture archiving and communication system display
Enhanced picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display (ePAD) is a software tool used in medical imaging to...
supertwisted birefringent effect display
A liquid crystal display using the material in its supertwisted nematic phase; the birefringence of the liquid crystal...
pulse analyzer
The instrument used to analyze a pulsed electromagnetic wave to determine its time, amplitude, duration and shape, and to...
ultraprecision cathode-ray tube display
A highly accurate cathode-ray tube used to display information with the utmost efficient stability and resolution. The...
height-range indicator
A display that allows the observation and measurement of the altitude and range of airborne objects.
infrared image tube
An image converter that produces a visible image based on the infrared emittance of the object. The infrared energy is...
inquiry display terminal
flat panel display
An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
spatial resolution
Spatial resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in an image or a spatial dataset. It is a measure of the...
television projection
A television display system in which the television signal is converted to an image that is projected onto either a front or...
gas discharge display
A display device that contains an inert gas that gives off orange light when a high voltage is applied to ionize the gas.
remote display unit
A display device, such as a cathode-ray tube, that is located at some distance from the source generating the displayed...
telepresence
The use of head-mounted displays and body-operated remote actuators to control distant machinery. Provides a virtual...
quantum dots
A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...
enhanced graphic adaptor
An image processing device that displays pseudocolor images by assigning colors to the gray scales according to look-up...
fiber optic window
The face of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) that has a fiber optic sheet attached to its surface. The sheet's fibers are at right...
matrix-controlled display
A display that is formed in an X-Y manner; i.e., two inputs allow control of X2 elements.
active-matrix OLED display
An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...
backlit
Refers to a display or screen that is illuminated from behind; the light is transmitted as opposed to reflected.
nanoLED
An LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
B-scope
A cathode-ray display where information is represented visually as spots. Each spot's location is represented by a...
diffuser
An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...
alphanumeric display
A luminous display of numbers and the letters of the alphabet.
raster
The pattern of lines traced by rectilinear scanning in display systems.
flying spot microscope
A microscope that uses a flying spot scanner, directed through the eyepiece, as a light source to determine the features of...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
scanner
1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
digital camera
A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...
virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...
trichroism
The characteristic of displaying three colors when observed in as many separate directions.
sapphire crystal
Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...
optical combiner
An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...
optical page reader
An optical scanning system found in most computer scanners that can read documents, often in many type styles, and convert...
direct-view storage tube
A cathode-ray tube in which secondary emission electrons form a display of high intensity.
plasma display
A type of flat panel display made up of a layer of gas between two glass plates. The glass is coated with parallel...
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
GaN-based LEDs
Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...
pixel pitch
Pixel pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels on a display screen or imaging sensor. It is...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
raster scan display
A display in which regeneration takes place serially at a fixed speed in a set pattern through the scan lines.
thin-film coating
Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
analog stroke
An analog method of moving a cathode-ray tube beam across a display screen face, commonly used in high-performance vector...
cursor
On a display monitor, a small, mobile rectangle, cross-hair or pointer that locates a feature in an image that is the object...
blue diode laser
A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...
tracking
1. The process of following an object's movement; accomplished by focusing a radar beam on the reticle of an optical system...
dot matrix display
A display format consisting of small light-emitting elements arranged as a two-dimensional array. Various elements are...
holographic camera
A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...
image jump
In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...
input/output
I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
light diffusion
Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...
color thermogram
A thermogram in which temperature values are displayed in discrete thermal bands, each band possessing a distinct color.
microlens array
A microlens array is a grid-like structure composed of numerous small lenses, typically arranged in a regular pattern. Each...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
data analysis display
An accurate cathode-ray tube display used to provide visual representation stored in a computer for the interpretation and...
optically isotropic crystal
A transparent crystalline substance that displays the same optical properties (i.e. refractive index) in all directions such...

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