In physics, the law of reversibility is often associated with the concept of reversibility in thermodynamics. The law asserts that any process that occurs in a closed system can, in theory, be reversed, returning the system to its initial state....

The law stating that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, the incident ray, reflected ray and normal...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

The angle formed between a refracted ray and the normal to the surface. This angle lies in a common plane with the angle of...

A flaw deliberately introduced into an optical fiber to prepare it for cleaving.

The law stating that the critical fusion frequency is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the luminance and the...

The law stating that when light strikes a surface at such an angle that the reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular...

A camera equipped with a lens and a long length of perforated film, the latter being moved intermittently between exposures...

A formula indicating that, for an imaging lens system, the image brightness for off-axis points will fall off at a rate...

An imaging system designed to highlight small deviations in a planar reflective object such as a mirror. The system can be...

A crystal that is devoid of any mosaic structure and that can reflect x-rays, relative to the Darwin-Ewald-Prins law.

Relation between a material's transport rate and the material's concentration gradient and the diffusion coefficient.

The law stating that the just-perceptible increment of stimulus is a constant fraction of the stimulus.

The law stating that the brightness of an object that is examined through a slotted disc, rotating over a critical...

The application of ultraviolet, x-ray, infrared and conventional photography to law enforcement.

The law given by the formula: that is, the frequency of radiation emitted or absorbed by a system when E2 and E1...

Laws that predict the maximum power output as a function of tube diameter for a hydrogen cyanide laser of a given discharge...

The formula describing the spectral radiant emittance of a perfect blackbody as a function of its temperature and the...

A surface that obeys Lambert's cosine law and has a reflectance of unity.

The formula that gives the wavelength of maximum spectral radiant emittance of a perfect blackbody: λmax =...

A means of testing the strength of optical fibers to ensure reliability, by applying stress to the fiber so that any flaws...

An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...

The law stating that the illuminance (or irradiance) from a point source varies as the inverse square of the distance...

A ray that has a nonisotropic speed in a doubly refracting crystal. It does not necessarily obey Snell's law upon refraction...

With respect to photography, the law stating that the optical density of an exposed emulsion with standard development is a...

Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that...

A noncontact, nondestructive method of measuring defects in thin composite materials, using a xenon flashtube to generate...

A fundamental law of wave scattering theory that connects the extinction cross section of a scatterer to the real part of...

Structural surfaces that incorporate an embedded sensor network capable of detecting flaws within the structure.

Defines the minimum operational standards for a self-sustaining fusion reactor as equivalence between energy released per...

Uniform measure of time based on dynamics law and calculated according to planetary orbital paths; specifically, Earth's...

The law stating that the amount of chemical change produced is proportional to the amount of light absorbed. Actually, the...

The ray that has an isotropic speed and maintains a uniform polarization in all propagation directions when traveling in a...

Relative to radiation wavelength, the law that states that the wavelength of luminescence stimulated by radiation always...

Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...

Combination of Beer's and Lambert's (absorption) laws.

A law that uses the square of the cosine between the plane of polarization of a beam of plane-polarized light and the plane...

Transmittance of a stable solution is an exponential function of the concentration of the absorbing solute.

Radiation emitted when a quantum mechanical system drops spontaneously from an excited level to a lower level. This...

The formula that indicates the total radiation at all wavelengths from a perfect blackbody. W Total = 5.67 x 10-12 T 4(W/cm2)

A unit of energy equal to the amount of energy absorbed by one molecule of material undergoing a photochemical reaction, as...

Obeying Lambert's cosine law.

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

A machine vision technique that compares a template of the desired image (the correlation kernel) with the actual camera...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A field of physics that deals with light as if it truly were composed of rays diverging in various directions from the...

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

A numerical value representing the degree of contrast in a television picture: the exponent of the power law used to...

The area of optics that deals with the propagation of Gaussian laser beams in free space, or any general medium - i.e....

Law relating the illuminance (or irradiance) of a surface to the cosine of the angle, q, between the normal to the surface...

A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

The specification of allowable flaws in a surface by comparison to reference standards of quality. Two graded sets of...

1. A flaw in a blank caused by folding the blank's surface during its formation. 2. The change in the direction of a...

A featherlike flaw in a body of glass.

For any point on a thermal radiator, at thermal equilibrium and for each wavelength, the emissivity in any direction is...

The incident ray, the normal to the refracting surface at the point of incidence of the ray at the surface, and the...

A filter that separates light into many colors via Bragg's law. Generally refers to a fiber Bragg grating used in optical...

The law expressing the condition under which a crystal will reflect a beam of x-rays with the greatest amount of distinction...

Transmittance of a solution, or internal transmittance of a transparent solid, is an exponential function of the thickness...

1. That branch of optics that illustrates the theory in which q is substituted for sin q in Snell's law. Effective results...

A line of the Raman spectrum that fulfills Stokes' law because it possesses a wavelength that is greater than the radiation...

A fundamental law of quantum theory which states that the discrete quanta of energy transfers associated with...

In coherence theory, an optical law put forth by physicist Emil Wolf that explains the behavior of light as it travels away...