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liquid Dictionary Terms

Cotton-Mouton effect
The ability of particular pure liquids to doubly refract when influenced by a magnetic field with a direction that is transverse to the light beam.
immersion liquid
Term synonymous with refractive index liquid, but related more to tank or chamber immersion of crystals, fibers, lenses,...
critical scattering
Intense scattering in the region of the liquid-gas critical point. At this point the gas will strongly scatter all light to...
liquid coating
A self-healing, index-matching, nonporous coating for optical components that can eliminate production difficulties and...
paraffin oil
A saturated compound of carbon and hydrogen used as a liquid coating material for optical components in high-power laser...
microchannel cooling
A method of heat removal in which liquid passes through small channels with high packing densities.
flux growth
A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...
liquid crystal display
An alphanumeric display formed by a layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between two sheets of glass; a transparent...
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...
liquid-surface holography
The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...
diazo film
A type of photographic film, often used in microfilming, that is processed by heat treatment, needing no liquid application.
dilatometer
An instrument used to measure expansion of solids, liquids and gases.
attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....
channel substrate planar growth
The creation of a diode laser structure by liquid-phase epitaxy over a grooved substrate.
photoacoustic spectroscopy
A method for obtaining the optical absorption spectra of solids, semisolids, liquids and gases. PAS is inherently...
liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...
piezo-optical transducer
A structure consisting of a thin film of liquid crystal sandwiched between light-polarizing filters that have received a...
ultramicroscope
A dark-field microscope used to view extremely small objects. These objects are suspended in a gas or liquid in an enclosure...
magnetorheological finishing
Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...
spatial light modulator
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
active-matrix display
A type of liquid-crystal display in which each display element contains an active component, such as a thin-film transistor,...
optoelectronics
Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...
Debye-Sears ultrasonic cell
A device used in ultrasonic imaging to measure the velocity and attenuation of compressional waves in a transparent liquid...
phonon
A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
stereolithography
A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...
director
In a liquid crystal system, the director refers to the local symmetry axis around which the long range order of the liquid...
organic dye
Any organic substance, that when dissolved in appropriate liquid based solvents will absorb and emit electromagnetic...
laser surgery
Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...
bubble chamber
A large tank filled with liquid hydrogen, with a flat window at one end and complex optical devices for observing and...
refractometer
An instrument used to measure the refractive index of solids and liquids. Several types exist, the most common being the...
evapotranspiration
A process, either naturally occurring or mechanically induced, whereby water is changed from its liquid state into a vapor.
deliquescent
Description of a material, such as a water-soluble salt, that will continue absorbing moisture from the surrounding...
Rayleigh interferometer
A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by...
positive dielectric anisotropy
The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...
supertwisted nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal in which the 90° twist of the twisted nematic phase has been increased to 180° or more,...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
Mie scattering
Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...
laser cavity
A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...
Christiansen effect
The monochromatic transparency effect produced by the immersion of a finely powdered substance (e.g., glass or quartz) into...
contact fluid
A liquid, usually of a specific refractive index and dispersion, serving as an interface between two solids to form a...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
dry objective
A microscope objective designed to be used without liquid between the cover glass and the objective, or, in the case of...
cholesteric phase
The state of a liquid crystal in which the molecules are arranged in layers with their long axes in the plane of each layer....
refractive index liquids
A closely spaced series of well-known chemicals having a refractive index lying between 1.33 for water and 1.95 for a...
twisted nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...
index liquid
liquid gate
An immersion liquid used to treat polarizing filters to eliminate the effects of surface variations and to minimize the...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
reagent
A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...
Christiansen-effect filter
A transparent powdered solid immersed in a liquid or plastic of similar refractive index but widely different dispersion;...
Murty interferometer
A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...
passive-matrix liquid crystal display
An LCD that has pixels with no internal drive transistors.
flow chemistry
Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...
ultrasonic imaging
The formation and display of three-dimensional images by ultrasonic energy. In one technique, the energy pulses from an...
laser
A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...
immersion refractometer
A type of refractometer designed to measure the refractive indices of liquids. A section of the instrument is immersed into...
retarder cell
A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...
optical switching
Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...
liquid laser
A laser that uses a substance in the liquid state, such as an organic dye, as the active lasing medium.
amplitude-modulated sensor
A type of fiber optic sensor that detects alteration in position, distance, pressure, liquid level or temperature by...
metastable state
An excited energy state of an atom or atomic system that has a longer lifetime than the ordinary excited state and typically...
liquid filter
A solution or combination of solutions that serves as a filter.
fusion
1. The combination of the effects of two or more stimuli in any given sense to form a single sensation. With respect to...
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
Lovibond tintometer
A subtractive colorimeter that expresses a liquid's or object's color as a combination of three colors. These colors are...
continuous spectrum
The radiation spectrum of matter found in condensed states, liquid or solid, that is continuous and not a line spectrum. The...
epitaxy
A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
supertwisted birefringent effect display
A liquid crystal display using the material in its supertwisted nematic phase; the birefringence of the liquid crystal...
negative dielectric anisotropy
State typically studied in liquid crystals in which the dielectric coefficient parallel to the director is less than the...
electrolytic shutter
A high-speed shutter, similar to a Kerr cell, that uses the birefringence produced in a liquid during the passage of an...
thermal interface materials
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...
flat panel display
An electronic display in which a flat screen is formed by an orthogonal array of display devices, such as electroluminescent...
liquid marble
Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...
bubble chamber photography
The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.
nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal with an appearance of moving, threadlike structures, particularly visible when observed in thick...
liquid core optical fiber
Multimode straight fiber capable of transporting linearly polarized light with any incident polarization angle, and in which...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
radial distribution method
A statistical analysis of facts obtained when the intensity of x-ray diffraction is calculated at different angles. In this...
Van der Waals
Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...
liquid crystal light valve
A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...
electron multiplication charge-coupled device camera
An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
liquid lightguide
An optical fiber with a hollow core filled with a liquid material that has a higher refractive index than the solid...
deformation constant
Any of the constants that relate the tendency of the director to remain parallel to restoring torques throughout the media....
active-matrix liquid crystal display
When applied to LCD grids, the active matrix is a means of supplying power to pixels by use of a transistor and capacitor....
etching liquid
An acid used to etch the surfaces of particular materials. For glass, hydrofluoric acid is used either as a liquid or a...
melting point
The temperature at which the solid phase of a material is in equilibrium with the liquid phase, or when the material changes...
Dewar vessel
An evacuated, double-walled container for storing liquids at low temperatures. Often made of glass, the vessel resembles a...
liquid-phase epitaxy
 liquid mirror
A mirror composed of liquid, taking advantage of the parabolic shape of a spinning liquid and the fact that the mirror's...
Debye effect
The selective absorption of electromagnetic waves by a liquid made up of molecules with permanent dipole movement.
zeta particle
The difference in electrokinetic potential between the stationary liquid connected to a solid phase surface and the mobile...
computer-generated hologram
A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...
smectic phase
A form of liquid crystal in which flow does not take place in the usual manner. When examined with polarized light, the...
slurry
The name of the mixture of liquid and grinding or polishing compounds used in processing optical materials.
entrainment
The movement of particulate material by flowing gas or liquid.
degreaser
A tank with a boiling solvent at the bottom and a ring of cold piping higher up that condenses the liquid and returns it to...
flow channel
In various fields such as fluid dynamics, microfluidics, and biotechnology, a flow channel refers to a defined pathway...
liquid crystal eyewear
A wireless stereo imaging device used in conjunction with a monitor to produce a virtual interactive environment. Liquid...
index-matching material
A material, often a liquid or cement, whose refractive index is nearly equal to the fiber's core index, used to reduce...
acetone
Optic surface cleaning liquid that may be applied to glass, crystal, dielectric and metal surfaces; however, may not be...
aerosol
A two-phase system consisting of dispersed liquid or solid particles in a gas; examples include dust, smoke and clouds.
ultrasonic
Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...
well plate
A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...
pulsed-dye laser
A laser with a gain medium consisting of an organic dye, which is carbon-based. The dye is mixed with a solvent, allowing...
cryopump
A vacuum pump in which pressure is reduced by condensing gases on surfaces cryogenically cooled to about 20 K (liquid...
electroluminescence
The nonthermal conversion of electrical energy into light in a liquid or solid substance. The photon emission resulting from...
microscope immersion fluid
The liquid used in microscopy to fill the space between the high-power objective lens and the microscope slide in order to...

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