A technique for confining atoms, molecules or small particles within one or more laser beams. This can be accomplished through the use of a single focused beam or multiple intersecting beams. With a single focused beam, the matter is confined to the...

Transparent matter that usually is drawn into a cylindrical, pyramidical or conical shape through which light is channeled...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

Postulated by Einstein in his theory of relativity. They are waves traveling at the speed of light and exerting force on...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

The radiation spectrum of matter found in condensed states, liquid or solid, that is continuous and not a line spectrum. The...

1. Synonymous with radioactivity. The intensity of a radioactive source illustrated as the number of atoms disintegrating in...

A cosmic phenomenon in which the mass and density of a star pass a critical point so that the escape velocity matches the...

When light is transmitted through matter, part of the light is scattered in random directions. A small part of the scattered...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

Optical confinement of matter with high field energies intended to induce a stable nuclear fusion interaction.

A device for projecting either opaque matter or transparent slides onto a screen.

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

A television system that uses a slow rate of horizontal scanning to increase its reproduction and transmittance accuracy of...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

Two essential pieces of equipment used in connection with the microfilming process: a camera capable of producing, on film,...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

A wide-field multiobject spectroscopy system used in astronomy, in which a bundle of low-loss optical fibers positioned on...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

The science of all complex elements of atomic and molecular spectra, and the interaction of radiation and matter.

The binding of gas to a surface or in matter by chemical activity.

The scattering of charged particles, moving through matter, by the electrostatic force exerted by other charged particles.

An excited energy state of an atom or atomic system that has a longer lifetime than the ordinary excited state and typically...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...

The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

A mixture of ionized gas and metal vapor generated by impingement of the laser beam onto a material being welded or a weld...

The measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...

A measurement device used to study the structure of matter using the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation.

Gamma ray radiation released when matter and antimatter, such as electron and positron, unite and eliminate each other,...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

The study of the diffraction of beams of a wave by matter to ascertain the structure of the matter.

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other...

1. A measure of absorbed dose, equal to the energy imparted by ionizing radiation to a mass of matter corresponding to 1 J...

1. The combination of the effects of two or more stimuli in any given sense to form a single sensation. With respect to...

An opening or hole through which radiation or matter may pass.

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

The exact mathematical description of the interactions of matter and intense electromagnetic fields, such as those that...

A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...

The concept of the de Broglie wavelength exploits the wave-particle duality of quantum physics by associating all matter (of...