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measurement Dictionary Terms

spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...
optical caliper
A device for measuring linear dimensions. The optical caliper generally consists of two circularly mounted mirrors whose...
flow cytometry
Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...
lateral shearing interferometer
A lateral shearing interferometer is an optical device used in interferometry to measure phase differences between two beams...
hyperchromic shift
Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...
reticle
A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...
fiber optic sensor
A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...
Photoelastic equipment and supplies
Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...
rise time
Measurement of the time elapsed during the current output change from 10 to 90 percent in a photoconductor.
photographic sensitometry
The measurement of the responsivity of photographic media and of the relations between exposure and density of developed...
stereo compilation
Extraction of three-dimensional measurements from a stereo pair of photographs.
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
angle-tracking system
A system in which a sequence of direct measurements of the target position is fed into a tracking filter that may produce...
high-speed motion camera
A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...
triangulation
A method of measuring distance by recording a single scene from two points of perspective. Surveying instruments can be...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
steradian
The unit solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere by an area on its surface equivalent to the square of the radius;...
FMCW lidar
FMCW lidar stands for frequency-modulated continuous wave lidar. It is a type of lidar (light detection and ranging)...
Bose-Einstein condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...
segment height
In a bifocal spectacle lens, the vertical measurement of distance from the uppermost borderline of the bifocal segment to...
lens testing equipment
Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...
photographic radiometry
The use of photographic recording equipment to measure radiant energy. With this procedure, many measurements of radiant...
Risley prism
A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...
heterochromatic photometry
Light measurement by comparison of the luminances of unlike chromaticities.
terahertz spectrometer
A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...
optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...
qubit
A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...
piezoresistance
Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...
scientific CMOS camera
A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...
degree of coherence
A quantitative measurement of the coherence of a light source; equal to the visibility (V) of the fringes of a two-beam...
Munsell color system
Founded by professor Albert Munsell. In the field of colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that identifies...
etaloning
Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...
autocollimator
An autocollimator is an optical instrument used for measuring small angular deviations with high precision. It operates on...
segment width
In spectacle lenses, the lateral measurement of a multifocal segment at its maximum width.
reflection coefficient
Parametric measurement for elliptical fiber and cable expressed as a ratio of the two-directional flow of power through the...
lidar
Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...
fiber optic spectrometer
A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...
atomic clock
An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...
frequency comb
A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...
height-range indicator
A display that allows the observation and measurement of the altitude and range of airborne objects.
positioning
Positioning generally refers to the determination or identification of the location or placement of an object, person, or...
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
laser frequency measurement
Mod Method of obtaining precise temporal mode characteristics.
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
international candle
A unit of measurement of luminous intensity based on a physical standard, a set of calibrated carbon filament lamps. The old...
astrometry
The analysis and measurement of celestial bodies, their motions and positions.
fluorescence lifetime
Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...
nit
Unit of measurement of brightness (luminance) equal to one candela per square meter.
turbidity
Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...
silicon photodiode
A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...
enhanced picture archiving and communication system display
Enhanced picture archiving and communication system (PACS) display (ePAD) is a software tool used in medical imaging to...
quantum
The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...
Nichols radiometer
An instrument devised by Nichols and Hull for use in the measurement of radiation pressure. The device has two small...
Rockwell hardness
Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...
Murty interferometer
A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...
micrometer
1. The SI unit of length equal to 10-6 m. Also called micron. 2. A screw thread device used to make accurate physical linear...
laser damage threshold
The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...
open-dish method
A measurement method for reflectance by gas ionization in which light passes through a vapor before and after reflection....
solar occultation
Measurement of absorption by the gas of interest in the 2- to 6-µm range as a function of tangent height pressure. The...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...
fiber Bragg grating
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...
metabolic imaging
Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...
noise current
Any noise or current fluctuation that prevents precise measurement of the signal current. Both dark current and signal...
fluorometry
The analysis and measurement of the fluorescence emitted by a source. Fluorometric processes are more sensitive than light...
photoelectric colorimeter
A system having a photoelectric detector for the measurement of three quantities related by linear combination to...
marhic method
Nondestructive measurement of the delta and alpha of clad optical fibers that involves interferometry with the fiber...
disc calorimeter
A device that provides simple and reliable laser power and energy measurement. Essentially a heat flux sensor producing an...
spectrophotometric analysis
The detection and measurement of spectral reflectance, spectral transmittance or relative spectral emittance, relative to...
astronomical photography
The use of photographs to record astronomical objects and phenomena for purposes of physical observation and measurement of...
ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....
photoelectric exposure meter
A device consisting of a microammeter, a photovoltaic cell and a battery. It is used for the measurement of scene brightness...
integrated energy
Also known as integrated exposure. A measurement of light from sources that vary rapidly with time, defined as the integral...
optical time-domain reflectometer
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...
spectrometric analysis
The analysis of spectra and their components, determined from their measurements.
spectrometry
The study and measurement of spectra and their components.
tracking accuracy
Measurement of a translation stage's deviation from absolute straightness, that is, its angular motion in both the vertical...
double diffuse density
Measurement derived from calculation when incident flux of a negative is entirely diffuse and all radiation transmissions...
diffractometer
A measurement device used to study the structure of matter using the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation.
angle gauge
A glass or metal measurement tool having a precisely calibrated angle between two of its faces.
diopter
A unit of optical measurement that expresses the refractive power of a lens or prism. In a lens or lens system, it is the...
radiac
An acronym for radioactive detection, identification and computation. The term refers to the detection and measurement of...
low-light-level instrumentation
Instrumentation designed to permit the perception, recording or measurement of scenes under conditions of low incident...
isoperibol enclosure
An enclosure for a calorimeter that allows measurement of unusually low quantities of power and energy.
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...
colorimeter
A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...
Secondary Speckle Pattern
A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
multi-axis alignment
Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...
phosphor thermometry
A method for remote measurement of the temperature of moving surfaces in harsh environments by using a laser to stimulate...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
integral density
With respect to color photography, the measurement of the way the color film modulates the radiant flux in the optical...
label-free
Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...
near-field scanning
A measurement technique used to determine the spatial distribution profile of an electrical or optical quantity of interest...
colorimetry
The methods used to measure color and to define the results of the measurements.
optical clock
An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...
optical table
An optical table, also known as an optical bench or an optical breadboard, is a specialized platform used in optics...
photometric equipment
Photocells of various kinds used to measure photometric quantities; i.e., intensity, luminance and illuminance. Meter...
Fizeau fringes
Fizeau fringes are interference fringes observed in an interferometer, specifically in a Fizeau interferometer. The Fizeau...
photometry
Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...
microdensitometry
The science that deals with the measurement of optical absorbance (i.e. optical densities) over microscopic areas of a given...
transient calorimetric technique
A method of measuring total hemispherical emissivity of the plane surface of a solid that consists of thermally isolating a...
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
feature extraction
In image processing and machine vision, the process in which an initial measurement pattern or some subsequence of...
ultrasonic
Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...
Laurent polarimeter
A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...
laser speckle
Sparkling granular pattern that is observed when an object diffusely reflects coincident laser light. Speckle appears as an...
quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...
fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
A powerful method, referred to as FCS, for determining the average diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in...
optical multimeter
An instrument that measures several optical parameters, such as optical power and wavelength, with a single measurement...
unit of error
A unit of measurement in a rangefinder corresponding to 12 s of arc in the apparent field.
spectrometric oil analysis
An analytical technique used to determine, identify and localize impending malfunctions. It is based upon quantitative and...
rangefinder
1. An optical distance finder that depends on triangulation of two convergent beams on an object from disparate view points....
single-molecule FRET
Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...
multiple wavelength interferometry
A specific form of phase shifting interferometry - commonly referred to as multiple wavelength phase shifting interferometry...
scopometer
A device used to take turbidimetric or nephelometric measurements by considering the contrast between a constant brightness...
ratiometry
Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
microdensitometer
The fundamental tool of microdensitometry, the microdensitometer is an instrument used for the precise measurement of...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
phototheodolite
A camera equipped with angular scales in altitude and azimuth. The scale readings are imprinted on the film when an exposure...
target angular position
Measurement estimated from the position of the image's centroid.
instantaneous field of view
Instantaneous field of view (iFOV) is a term commonly used in the context of remote sensing, imaging systems, and optical...
spectral integral density
With respect to color photography, the measurement, at a given wavelength, of the way the color film modulates the radiant...
spectrophone technique
Gas detection measurement technique that uses a built-in capacitative microphone to calculate the amount of absorbed laser...
emissometry
The use of a material's emissivity to measure absorption. It is useful as an absorption loss measurement technique, since at...
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
prism
A prism is a geometric optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. It is typically a solid, transparent...
quantum-ehanced metrology
Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
retinal reflectometry
The study of the quality of the image formed on the retina by the measurement of the flux reflected from the eye when the...
InGaAs photodiode
An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...
mode beating
In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...
optical air mass
A measure of the optical path length for light traveling from the sun or other celestial source through Earth's atmosphere...
scatterometry
A measurement technique used for the rapid quantitative evaluation of surface quality based on the detection and analysis of...
laser Doppler velocimeter
Device which determines particle velocity through the measurement of scattered interference of a beam pair from a single...
equivalent wavelength
In surface height measurement of optics with steep slopes, the use of two short visible wavelengths to synthesize a longer,...
microphotometry
The measurement of the intensity of spectral lines by the examination of a very small area under a microscope and the...
Bragg method of crystal analysis
A technique in which a beam of x-rays is directed against a crystal, the atoms of which, because of their lattice...
electric dichroism spectroscopy
The use of a krypton laser system for the measurement of small molecules aligned by an electric field, by analyzing the...
millimeter (mm)
A unit of metric measurement, equal to 0.001 m. 25.4 mm equal 1 inch.
photometric
Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of light.
modulation transfer function
Also called sine wave response and contrast transfer function. The modulation transfer function is the ratio of the...
single-photon avalanche diode
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...
measuring wedge
A wedge in a rangefinder or heightfinder used to displace the image produced by one telescope so that it coincides with that...
bench photometer
A device used to compare the luminous intensities of two sources by locating a point between the two light sources where the...
x-ray diffractometer
An instrument that uses a crystal to diffract x-rays for the measurement of the intensities of the diffracted rays.
motion controller
In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...
Casimir force
The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...
particle image velocimetry
A whole-flow-field technique providing instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-section of a flow that is...
scintillation crystal
A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...
field of view
The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given...
laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder is a device that uses laser technology to measure the distance between the device and a target. It...
laser absorption spectroscopy
An experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and...
beam profiling
Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...
fall time
Measurement of the interval during which a photodetector's signal and output current drops from 90 to 10 percent.
cutback technique
A technique for measuring fiber attenuation or distortion by performing two transmission measurements. One is at the output...
divided circle spectrometer
A spectroscope having a divided circle and a means for the rapid reversal of prisms for the measurement of refractive index...
double-pulsed holographic interferometry
Interferometric measurement of the interference pattern recorded when a complex object is illuminated by two laser pulses...
etalon
An etalon is an optical device that consists of two parallel reflecting surfaces separated by a precise and known distance....
laser ceilometer
A device used for measuring the height of clouds from a position on the ground. Measurement technique uses a vertically...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
Hefner unit lamp
A gas lamp used in the early 1900s as a physical standard for measurement of luminous intensity. The Hefner unit was...
functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...
phase-modulated sensor
A phase-modulated sensor is a type of sensor that uses modulation of the phase of a signal to measure changes in a physical...
atomic force microscope
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...
dots per inch
A measurement of the spatial resolution of a line or area array in an optical character recognition scanning device.
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
magnetic spectrograph
An electron system using the effect of a constant magnetic field on electron paths to differentiate electrons that have...
atomic time
Any system of time measurement that is based on atomic resonances. The transition times between the hyperfine levels of...
metrology
Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...
projection thermography
The measurement of surface temperature by a thermograph that forms a pattern of the heat radiated by the surface on a...
photoconductive antenna
Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....
distributed feedback laser
A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...
photoelectric counter
A device used to count objects that pass a given point by allowing each object to obstruct a beam of light falling on a...
fluorescence lifetime imaging
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
surface profile
A representation of the shape of a surface, including any roughness or other irregularities. The profile can be generated by...
swept-source laser
A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...
sidereal time
Frequently used in astronomical measurement, it is based on the diurnal rotation of a star relative to the fixed stellar...
proximity probe
A noncontact sensor used in the remote measurement of position, speed or other variables of moving parts.
nodal bench
A bench with instrumentation including a collimator, a microscope, positioners and a nodal slide used to rotate a lens about...
target size and orientation
Angular tracking measurement estimated from the properly normalized image second-moment tensor.
differential absorption lidar
A lidar (light detection and ranging) technique used in pollution monitoring. Two light beams are emitted simultaneously,...
spectral repeatability
Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...
cold atom
Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...
gravimeter
An instrument capable of precise measurements of the Earth's gravity. This permits the detection of small changes in local...
photodetector
A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...
laser strainmeter
An instrument usually consisting of a very long interferometer, 3 to 800 m, and a laser light source for the study and...
parallel scanning
Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...
modulation transfer function analysis/measurement equipment
MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...
aerial photogrammetry
The application of aerial photographs as a means of measurement in map making and surveying.
bathymetric map
A surveying map representing measurement of depth, particularly that of the ocean.
spectroradiometer
A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...
polarimetry
The measurement of the rotation of the plane of polarization of radiant energy, usually through the use of a polarimeter.
profilometry
Measurement of surface roughness or quality through the use of a diamond-pointed stylus connected to a coil in an electric...
spatial light interference microscopy
Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...
photographic photometry
A form of photometric measurement, often used with light sources that are transparent or fluctuating, in which a...
bolometer
A thermometric instrument used for the detection and measurement of radiant energy. Its essential component is a short...
sensitometry
Primarily the measurement of photographic sensitivity of certain materials such as photographic film. It refers to the...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
angular tracking
A laser radar application in which a sequence of direct measurements of target position is fed into a tracking filter to...
stellar photometry
The utilization of photometric measurement to determine the relative magnitudes of the heavenly bodies.
absolute temperature scale
The measurement of heat energy as determined from absolute zero as the zero point on the scale. Increments are identical to...
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...
mirror testing
The observation and measurement of the flatness of a mirror surface by contacting an optical flat with the mirror. The...
accelerometer
An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...
residual gas analysis
A measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...
calorimetry
Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...
comparator
1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting...
internal standard
A material that is present or added to a sample undergoing spectroscopic analysis, to serve as an intensity reference for...
quantum sensing
Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...
radiation dosimetry
The detection and measurement of nuclear and x-ray radiation.
lumen
A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...
automatic optical inspection
A system for automatic industrial process control or measurement, consisting of an optical module for image acquisition, a...
x-ray streak camera
A diagnostic instrument that uses a photocathode design to see a broad range of x-ray radiation by streaking the...
differential spectrophotometry
The measurement of the spectrum bands formed by a spectroscopic sample, based on the differences between the sample and the...
optical testing instrument
An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...
photoelectric colorimetry
The measurement and analysis of color using a photoelectric instrument having three filters with broad spectrum bands.
Knoop hardness
A measurement of the hardness of a material as determined by the penetration depth of a diamond stylus under a specified...
mode field diameter
For a single-mode fiber, the measurement of the irradiance distribution at the fiber's end face.
nodal testing
The measurement of first- and higher order properties of a lens and its formed image, including effective focal length, back...
infrared spectroscopy
The measurement of the ability of matter to absorb, transmit or reflect infrared radiation and the relating of the resultant...
anisotropy
Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....
definition test object
A chart, either printed on paper or prepared photographically on glass plates or film, that consists of 3-bar resolution...
interferometric calorimetry
Heat measurement method in which the sample is made part of the interferometer and the temperature increase is determined by...
ratiometer
An electronic device that minimizes short-term drift effects and random measurement error inherent in alternate...
McLeod gauge
A gauge designed to measure high degrees of vacuum. It consists of a glass bulb attached to the vacuum vessel, the...
photoelectric spectrophotometer
A system that consists of a spectrophotometer with a photoelectric detector for measurement of radiant energy.
ellipsometry
Ellipsometry is an optical technique used to characterize the properties of thin films and surfaces. It is based on the...
fiber optic gyroscope
A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
whiteness measurement
The use of whiteness formulas to replace visual assessment.
multichannel spectral analyzer
A spectrometric instrument that detects radiation simultaneously in multiple channels, sorts it spectrally from the deep...

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