Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms, leading to their emission of fluorescence light. This technique is widely used in scientific research, analytical chemistry, and...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...