A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single, compact chip. Also known as microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip systems are designed to perform a variety of tasks...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...