Volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) are specialized optical elements that consist of periodic variations in refractive index throughout the volume of a transparent material, typically a photosensitive glass or crystal. Unlike conventional surface gratings,...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

An optical instrument consisting of a well- corrected objective lens or mirror with a light source and or object/image (i.e....

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

Blaze height typically refers to a parameter in the context of diffraction gratings, which are optical devices consisting of...

That property of certain optical devices, e.g., a penta prism, that maintains the angular relationship between the entering...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

A large tank filled with liquid hydrogen, with a flat window at one end and complex optical devices for observing and...

An antireflection coating (AR coating) is a thin film or coating applied to optical surfaces, such as lenses or windows, to...

Diffraction efficiency is a measure of how effectively a diffractive optical element (DOE) or diffraction grating directs...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

Loss mechanisms that degrade the performance of all thin-film optical devices by removing radiant flux out of the specular...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

The transmission and reception of information by optical devices and sensors.

Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...

Fresnel reflection refers to the reflection of light at the interface between two different media with different refractive...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

An instrument that measures the angle at which a prism can couple laser light into an optical waveguide; used to determine...

In optics, the term image jump refers to a displacement or shift in the apparent position of an image when a change occurs...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

In optics, an octave typically refers to a range of frequencies or wavelengths that spans a factor of 2. In other words,...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

An electro-optic deflector is a device that can change the direction of light beams using an electric field. It operates...

Optical coatings are thin layers of materials applied to optical components, such as lenses, mirrors, filters, and prisms,...

An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...

Nonlinear polarization refers to the phenomenon where the polarization of a material responds nonlinearly to an applied...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...