The production of an image on a magnetic film that is exposed to infrared radiation and heated to a point above Curie temperature in regions of the image. The image is contacted with paramagnetic particles and then heat-transferred to a sheet.

A fluid having three components: a carrier fluid, magnetite particles suspended by Brownian motion and a stabilizer to...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A small object that behaves as a whole unit or entity in terms of it's transport and it's properties, as opposed to an...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other...

A system consisting of two or more Geiger-Müller counters, connected in coincidence with their centers on an axis. The only...

1. The process of aligning the optical axes of optical systems to the reference mechanical axes or surfaces of an...

A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

Device in which contact ionization of atomic particles and thermionic electron emission are used to produce magnetically...

Radiation emitted from vibrating charged particles. A combination of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields that...

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...

The attraction of particles suspended in a solution to a cathode, as a result of an electric field.

The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.

In atmospheric optics, the almost total blocking of light transmission in the atmosphere due to the scattering and...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

A vapor-phase oxidation process for fabricating graded-index optical fibers. It differs from outside vapor phase deposition...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

A solution containing colloidal silica particles.

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

An instrument for the detection of the energy distribution of b-particles and secondary electrons.

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

The movement of particles or ions in a solution toward the electrode having the opposite sign because of the application of...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

The value of the expanse of b-particles in an absorber, evaluated by visual examination of breaks in the absorption curve.

A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...

The emission of gas or de-aeration due to thermal variations and often occurring in a vacuum. In a cleanroom, contamination...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

An arranged series of coils, magnets or electromagnets disposed in such a way that the resulting magnetic fields generate a...

Term applied to radiation composed of particles or photons that will not easily penetrate a material because of their low...

An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...

A device that uses electromagnetic fields to separate electrically charged particles according to their masses. As a beam of...

An instrumental technique that utilizes the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles as recorded from a mass spectrometer...

The action of a biological system responding to a single or multiple coherent particles of light produced from a laser...

Radiation that does not produce free electrons and ions, or electrically charged particles.

Luminescence produced by the bombardment of radiant energy such as x-rays, radioactive waves or alpha particles.

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A specific method for measuring the diameter of irregular shaped particles, Martin's diameter is the measured distance...

A cloud chamber designed to maintain the gas within it at a high pressure as a means of reducing the range of the...

An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...

Very small phosphor particles present on the screen of a picture tube.

Ultrasound used in the cleaning of metal and optical parts by virtue of its vibration rates. Large acoustic forces break off...

1. An instrument used to measure the opacity or density of dyes, pigments or dispersed particles that form an image in or on...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

A scanning laser radar system applied to transmission and concentration analysis in three dimensions of clouds as well as...

A technique for polishing silicon in which an alkaline suspension containing silicon dioxide particles creates a soft layer...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

An instrument that is used to detect high-energy particles by the pulse of the current formed when a particle passes through...

Fiber that emits luminescent radiation excited by ultraviolet, x-ray or high-energy particles.

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

Two oppositely charged particles.

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

Scattering caused by the interaction between ingoing and outgoing particles of the same type, with no loss of kinetic energy.

The broadening of spectral lines due to the collision of radiating particles with one another and the resulting interruption...

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...

The gas of charged particles that begins approximately 50 km above the surface of the Earth and contains a sufficient...

The scattering of charged particles, moving through matter, by the electrostatic force exerted by other charged particles.

A method of measuring flow velocity by seeding the flow with neutrally buoyant particles and using a pulsed laser to...

The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...

An instrument that detects high-energy charged particles by analysis of the Cerenkov radiation that they emit.

A two-phase system consisting of dispersed liquid or solid particles in a gas; examples include dust, smoke and clouds.

A term referring to an optical force field used to trap and stabilize particles acted upon by a force such as laser light.

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

An analytical technique used to determine, identify and localize impending malfunctions. It is based upon quantitative and...

The use of atoms, molecules and molecular-scale structures to enhance existing technology and develop new materials and...

1. A bundle of light rays that may be parallel, converging or diverging. 2. A concentrated, unidirectional stream of...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

Diffuse light emitted by the atmosphere due to the excitation of particles of atmospheric gas. These excited particles...

The line or lines emitted by an element when its radiation particles travel from one energy level to another.

A device used in the sputtering of thin films, in which a magnet system on the back of the cathode deflects the electrons,...

An electron system using the effect of a constant magnetic field on electron paths to differentiate electrons that have...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

The splitting or shifting of spectral lines or energy levels caused by the application of a strong transverse electrical...

The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

Elastic scattering that occurs when inelastic processes eliminate particles from the beam.

The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be...

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

Calculation of the probability of an interaction between two types of particles, such as light absorption, excitation or...

A lidar (light detection and ranging) technique used in pollution monitoring. Two light beams are emitted simultaneously,...

One surface of a nonconducting plate that is coated with many minute particles of photoemissive material that are insulated...

A volumetric electrical charge resulting from a flow of charged particles across a gap.

An instrument that uses a photoelectric system to determine the size and volume of dust particles in a given unit of air.

The effect by which sufficiently small particles will scatter blue light at right angles to the incident beam. This...

A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...

An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...

A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...

1. The faintly hued ring that is seen to surround a light source viewed through fog or light clouds. The size of scattering...

1. The ring patterns of light that seem to encircle particles in the field of a microscope. 2. See Newton's rings.

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A whole-flow-field technique providing instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-section of a flow that is...

A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a...

A tool made by imbedding small particles of diamond in the working edge. In the optical field, the most commonly used...

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Radioactivity formed by the bombardment of stable elements by either neutrons or high-energy, charged particles under...

A process for the production of optical fibers. A glass bait is rotated in a traversing flame of a reaction burner....

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

A technique for confining atoms, molecules or small particles within one or more laser beams. This can be accomplished...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

A scattering photometer using scattered light in the solid angle 4.51+0 19° with respect to the forward direction, and...

Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...

The generic term describing the class of light particles having no strong interactions.

An area in which airborne particulates can be monitored and controlled so that given size particles do not exceed a...

The interaction of charged particles and electromagnetic fields.

A frame taken with a CCD camera of a surface that is evenly illuminated by diffuse light. This frame shows irregularities in...

The process whereby a quantum mechanical system alters from one energy level to another. During this process, energy is...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

A group of related lines that represent transitions between two spectroscopic terms, each of which may be complex. Also in...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...

A beam instability, induced by index of refraction inhomogeneities and component damage of dirt and dust particles, that...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

Interruption in the normal flow of a plasma or fluid characterized by sharp rises in velocity, temperature and pressure. As...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

Also cellulose acetate film. The emulsion layer applied to the substrate of a photographic surface. The emulsion layer is...

The method of determining the energy distribution of high-speed charged particles by the luminous effect formed when the...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

A device that uses four electrodes set in an alternating positive-negative polarity series to focus the beams of charged...

In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...

A device used to measure the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. It utilizes the Lorentz force...

A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...

The behavior of microscopic solid particles suspended in a fluid, first observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827 as a...

Short-lived molecular or atomic particles, with an unpaired electron, that play an important part in many photochemical...

A method that produces low-loss optical fibers. A glass tube rotates while reactants pass through the tube and heat is...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

The radiation emitted from a group of charged particles that does not depend on the temperature of the source in which those...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

The optical phenomenon in which white light dispersed by small particles in suspension appears blue when viewed through a...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

An isotope of cesium that emits negative beta particles and has a half-life of 2.19 years; its applications include...