An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the semiconductor chip rather than from the surface. Edge-emitting LEDs are often used in applications where directional light...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A photofluorescent compound that, when used with a scintillating substance, absorbs photons and emits related photons having...

The study concerned with the stimulation of chemical activity by laser light as a result of the absorption of photons by a...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

The coupling of two circuits by the use of a light pipe through which photons are transmitted.

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

The process whereby a quantum mechanical system alters from one energy level to another. During this process, energy is...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

The ejection of electrons from the surface of a solid by the absorption of a sufficient amount of photons.

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...

A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb...

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...

That property of a material that determines its ability to release electrons when absorbing photons.

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...

Scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) refers to a type of image sensor technology specifically designed...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

A photodetector in which an electrical charge is produced when incident photons change electrons within the detecting...

The surface from which electrons are ejected by the incidence and absorption of photons.

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

A process involving the interaction (absorption, emission or both) of two or more photons with a molecular entity.

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

A ruggedized scintillation counter used in oil well logging. The cylindrical housing contains a gamma ray source, a...

Characteristic of radiation detectors that produce energy that is similar to the energy of superconductive gaps when...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

A device that utilizes avalanche multiplication of photocurrent by means of hole-electrons created by absorbed photons. When...

Photon-rich typically refers to an environment or situation where there is an abundance of photons present. In the context...

The effect in which photons are absorbed and excite the electrons; the electrons move from the valence band to the...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

A photodiode detector is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It operates based on the...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

The creation of free electrons within a solid by the absorption of a sufficient amount of photons. The effect produces an...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

Photoluminescence is a phenomenon in which a material absorbs photons (light) at one wavelength and then re-emits photons at...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

An acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Predecessor to the laser, the maser or...

The alteration of electric conductivity produced by the absorption of varying amounts of radiation composed of photons.

A device used to evaluate the luminance of a surface by determining the number of photons emitted from a sample surface area.

The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

An electro-optic system using, in general form, an evacuated glass envelope with a semitransparent photocathode at one end...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect...

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...

An energy transition concerned with photons alone.

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

This results from the simultaneous absorption of two photons, each having half the energy needed for excitation and...

The process in which the normal rate of fluorescent emission from a substance is enhanced by virtue of the optical gain of...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

Photoconductivity that may be extended as far as the microwave region because of the absorption of photons by electrons.

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

Term applied to radiation composed of particles or photons that will not easily penetrate a material because of their low...