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plate Dictionary Terms

quarter-wave plate
A plate made of a double-refracting crystal having such a density that a phase difference of one-quarter cycle is formed...
plasma display
A type of flat panel display made up of a layer of gas between two glass plates. The glass is coated with parallel...
high-content screening
Also known as HCS, an analytical method designed to collect statistically relevant amounts of quantitative data on many...
Talbot's bands
The series of interference bands that appear in the spectrum when a specified glass plate is inserted into a spectroscope,...
zone plate
A plate of glass, usually a photograph, on which there is a central spot surrounded by concentric annular zones, alternately...
ellipsometer
A spectrometer equipped with polarizing prisms and retardation plates that is used in the analysis of elliptically polarized...
spatial filter
1. Generally, an emulsion mask having a clean annular region in an otherwise opaque region. It is designed to eliminate...
vacuum spectrography
The technique of producing spectrograms in wavelengths beyond 120 nm by the use of a diffraction grating and a Schumann...
definition test object
A chart, either printed on paper or prepared photographically on glass plates or film, that consists of 3-bar resolution...
double-layer light amplifier
A device used to create a light output that exceeds light input, the energy being provided by an electric field. It consists...
phase annulus
A term for the ring-shaped stop in a phase contrast microscope. The phase annulus limits the amount of light that reaches...
nanoimprint lithography
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...
interstitial absorbing coating
An absorbing coating medium between fibers, used in some fused fiber optic plates to absorb unwanted light. Such coatings...
Paschen-Runge mounting
A mounting used for large concave gratings, whereby the slit, grating and plate holder lie in the Rowland circle, and the...
spectroheliograph
An instrument in which an image of the sun is scanned by the entrance slit of a monochromator, the exit slit simultaneously...
echelle grating
A specialized form of diffraction grating consisting of assembled glass plates of equal thickness that resemble a flight of...
azimuthal polarization
Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...
Smith-Baker microscope
A transmission interference microscope that produces interference patterns of a sample by using birefringent plates that...
oil-on plate
A polished plano-parallel plate that is contacted to an unpolished glass surface to permit see-through analysis of the...
metal component
An accurate metal prism or plane parallel plate that is cemented to an optical element and remains with it during a series...
holocamera
A camera system used to form a high-precision hologram of the subject on a photographic plate. It contains a high-power...
fiber optic plate
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
bore
The central hole running the full length of a laser capillary tube, in which electrical discharge and laser action take...
Lummer-Gehrcke plate
A high-resolution spectroscopic device commonly used in the early 20th century as a component of double-beam...
modulator crystal
A nonlinear crystal used to modulate a polarized beam of light by means of the Pockels effect. A Pockels cell is used as a...
automatic recording spectrograph
A direct reading spectrograph having a photomultiplier assembly in place of a photographic plate. The output from the...
multianode microchannel array detector
A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....
nanotube
A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...
plate crystal
Any crystalline material whose length is much less than its measured diameter.
holographic camera
A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...
photomask
A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...
color perception test equipment
Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...
edge detection
In image processing, the location of edges by employing templates that respond to the first or second derivative of...
geometric phase shifting
A technique used to create an achromatic phase shift based on the principle of geometric phase. The phase shift is...
turret
A rotating plate containing two or more lenses to provide a rapid interchange.
transfer blocking
A process used to control thickness and parallelism precisely during the production of plane-parallel plates. Elements are...
case hardening
A surface heat-treating process that produces a highly stressed surface. In case-hardening of glass, a plate of glass is...
boule
1. A group of optical fibers that are fused and then treated to produce a vacuum-tight optical fiber cone or plate. 2. An...
image correlation
A machine vision technique that compares a template of the desired image (the correlation kernel) with the actual camera...
Schmidt correction plate
 biometrics
Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....
Fabry-Perot interferometer
A multiple-beam interferometer, usually consisting of two flat plates, with high reflective ability. The plates are set...
lateral load test
A method of measuring microbending losses in optical fiber by sandwiching a length of fiber between two parallel plates,...
image enhancement laser
A semiconductor platelet laser that emits a coherent image by means of plane optical pumping over the platelet surface, and...
biplanar image tube
Also called proximity focus image intensifier. A compact image intensifier that utilizes a microchannel plate...
platen
 cathode-ray tube faceplate
A fiber optic end plate constructed by drawing a bundle of parallel fibers embedded in glass and cutting it into thin...
wave plate
An optical element having two principal axes, slow and fast, that resolve an incident polarized beam into two mutually...
focus
1. The focal point. 2. To adjust the eyepiece or objective of a telescope so that the image is clearly seen by the observer....
parallel-plate waveguide
A pair of waveguides with axes normal to the plane and that guide uniform cylindrical waves.
diamond cutting tool
A tool made by imbedding small particles of diamond in the working edge. In the optical field, the most commonly used...
mask
1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...
mass spectrograph
A device that uses electromagnetic fields to separate electrically charged particles according to their masses. As a beam of...
lateral extensometer
An extensometer used to measure deformations in the thickness of a plate caused by tension, compression or other stress.
homogeneous orientation
The parallel orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...
wafer tube
An image intensifier tube in which the photocathode and the output of the microchannel plate are proximity-focused on the...
compensating glass
Also known as clear glass or clear filter. The clear glass plate is used to simulate a filter, in converging or diverging...
halftone screen
A plate containing a uniform pattern of transparent holes in an opaque background, the clear area being nearly equal to the...
fiber optic faceplate
A plate made up of thousands of glass fibers arranged parallel to one another, i.e., in a coherent bundle, and fused...
Fresnel zone plate
A zone plate in which the zones are alternately transparent and opaque to specific radiation, and coarse enough so that no...
Schmidt plate
An aspheric plate placed at, or near, the center of curvature of a spherical reflector and used to correct for spherical...
birefringent filter
A filter that transmits light in a series of sharp, widely spaced wavelength bands by its sandwich construction of...
holographic interferogram
The three-dimensional interference pattern of fringes that is recorded on a holographic plate to facilitate the study of a...
phase contrast microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
optical manufacturing tools and machinery
Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...
step-and-repeat camera
A type of camera that has scales or other arrangements by which successive exposures can be lined up and equally spaced on a...
optical encoder
A device designed to measure linear or rotary motion by detection of the movement of markings on a transparent medium past a...
radioautograph
The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and...
homeotropic orientation
The perpendicular orientation of the molecular axes of the nematic molecules in a nematic crystal, relative to the electrode...
biprism
A piece of glass polished flat on one side, with a pair of polished faces that form an angle close to 180° on the other...
mirror mount
A mirror mount is a mechanical device used to secure and precisely position mirrors in optical systems. Mirrors are...
holographic interferometry
The interferometric analysis of a complex object by utilizing the three-dimensional hologram. By causing a laser beam to...
optical bench
A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to...
emulsion
In photography, the layer of light-sensitive material (usually a suspension of silver halide crystals) that coats the film...
Hartmann test
A test for spherical aberration, coma or astigmatism in which incident rays from a point source are isolated by small holes...
Savart plate
A double-plate device used to transmit polarized light and form interference fringes of the light, thus indicating its...
Haidinger fringes
Also known as constant angle or constant deviation fringes. The interference fringes observed with dense flat plates near...
diffractive lens
Any optical device that utilizes diffraction in an image-forming capability. Familiar diffractive lenses are zone plates,...
Schmidt camera
A camera that consists of a concave spherical mirror with an aspheric plate situated at the center of curvature of the...
half-wave plate
A plate of electro-optical material that serves to rotate the plane of polarization of a light beam.
hologram
An interference pattern that is recorded on a high-resolution plate, the two interfering beams formed by a coherent beam...
cross wire
Fine lines, wires or threads used in the focal plane of many optical instruments to point out and locate particular objects...
corrector plate
An optical element designed to correct each zone of a reflector or refractor for spherical aberration.
ring blocking
The formation of a block by attaching optical elements to a plate with a ring of pitch or other thermoplastic material.
Brewster's fringes
The fringes used in the Jamin interferometer and produced by light that has been internally and externally reflected by two...
x-ray analysis
The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In...
surface quality standards
The standards of MIL-O-13830 set by the US government relative to tolerable surface scratches and other such defects in an...
multiple laser sequence
Also known as gatling gun laser. A system that has an array of lasers sharing a common central axis on a rotating Fabry...
quartz plate
A crystalline-quartz plate designed according to specifications but having its two major faces parallel.
electrostatic image dissector
A nonmagnetic instrument utilizing an electrofocus and deflection tube with a photocathode for imaging purposes. The optical...
Weissenberg method
The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...
deflection yoke
A metal coil or coils wrapped around the outside of the neck of a cathode-ray tube. Current passing through the coils...
Murty interferometer
A form of shearing interferometer that contains a simple wedged (plane-parallel) glass plate with a nonzero optical path...
processed hologram
A superposition of many zone plates, each reconstructing a real and virtual point image at the appropriate locations upon...
Rowland mounting
The mounting of a concave diffraction grating and a plate holder at the ends of a rigid bar. The ends follow separate...
ground glass
A plate of glass in which a face has been frosted by grinding or etching. It diffuses light by scattering in directions...
Wadsworth mounting
A system used for gratings that consists of a concave mirror, a grating and a plate holder mounted normal to the grating to...
mosaic
One surface of a nonconducting plate that is coated with many minute particles of photoemissive material that are insulated...
PLZT
A transparent lead-lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic with optical qualities that can be controlled by applying voltages...
multichannel direct-reading spectrometer
An instrument that contains a spectrograph with a grating in which an array of slits, in place of a photographic plate, is...
etaloning
Etaloning is an optical phenomenon that occurs in imaging systems, particularly in devices such as spectrometers,...
button blocking
The production of a block by attaching the optical elements to a plate by means of individual buttons of pitch or other...
sonosensitive plate
Device that uses a coherent reference wave to record the interference patterns produced by incident ultrasonic waves on an...
field emission display
An X-Y electrically addressable series of arrays with individual electron emitters bombarding a phosphor-coated transparent...
Linnik interference microscope
A Michelson-type interference microscope used to produce interference patterns of reflective specimens through the...
radiation-shielding windows
Plates of glass containing as many heavy metal oxides as can be dissolved in the glass without causing devitrification. The...
surface plate
A large table with an accurately designed plane surface used to test other surfaces, or to provide a true surface for...
lenticular image dissection
A method of image dissection whereby a lens transfers images onto a lenticular plate that in turn illustrates the images as...
Laurent polarimeter
A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...
panoramic lens
A lens system that is capable of producing a 360° image, or one that is very close to that. In recording, the image may...
piezoelectric transducers and ceramic materials
Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...
intensified charge-coupled device camera
An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...
vector correlation
A machine vision technique of image correlation whereby the correlation kernel (template of the desired image) is...
stacked optical memory
A memory system composed of a stack of holographic plates, a mode-locked laser and a rapid detector array. Ultrashort laser...
well plate
A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...
Eberhard effect
Observed phenomenon of a small developed image with higher density than a larger image because of variation in photographic...
plane-parallel plate
 zero-order retarder
A quarter- or half-wave retarder made from two plates of quartz, mica or polymer with their fast axes crossed; the...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...
x-ray film
A film or plate that is usually coated on both sides with a very fast emulsion that is sensitive to x-rays, and used to...
aperture mask
Also known as a shadow mask, a perforated plate placed between the focusing and accelerating electrodes, and the tricolor...
transparency
An image affixed to a transparent photographic film or plate by photographic, printing or chemical methods. It may be viewed...
film platen
A mechanism in a camera designed to position the film in the focal plane for exposure.
coordinate measuring microscope
An instrument used to measure the coordinates of a point on an object such as a photographic plate.
Goldberg wedge
A neutral-colored gelatin wedge, cast between glass plates, that is used as an intensity scale in certain types of...
cathode-ray tube
A vacuum tube with an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other. Electrons emitted from a heated...
Ronchi grating
A transparent plate ruled with black lines and equal, clear spaces. It is used as a multiple knife-edge for testing a...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
fiber optic field flattener
A plate consisting of fused optical fibers with both surfaces ground and polished, and having the entrance surface curved to...
retardation plate
faceplate
 laser optics
Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...
Brewster angle window
A parallel plate of glass in such a position that the refracted and reflected rays of incident parallel light are mutually...
Schumann plate
A specific type of photographic plate designed with only a small amount of gelatin to function in the extreme ultraviolet...
Fourier transform hologram
A hologram formed by the recording of a plane object situated in the focal plane of a lens so that each object gives rise to...
farad
The capacitance of a capacitor which has a potential difference of one volt between its plates when it is charged by one...
half-shade plate
A semicircular, half-wave quartz plate between the polarizer and analyzer. It often is used in forming precision settings...
spectrogrammetric reading equipment
Spectra can be conveniently recorded on photographic film or plates. The portions that are occupied by regions of the...
polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...
honeycomb table
An optical test table made up of two outer layers or "skins'' bonded to either side of a honeycomblike core, usually of...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
birefringence
Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...
halation
1. In a cathode-ray tube, the glow surrounding a bright spot that appears on the fluorescent screen as the result of the...
Savart polariscope
1. A polariscope consisting of a Savart plate and a tourmaline plate analyzer, and used to produce parallel color fringes by...
piezo-optical transducer
A structure consisting of a thin film of liquid crystal sandwiched between light-polarizing filters that have received a...
pulsed sandwich holography
Separation of incident laser pulses by several seconds so holographic plates can be changed and sandwiched between the...
image plane holography
A hologram in which the image of an object, or the object itself, is located near the hologram recording plane, for optimum...
infrared window
1. A thin parallel plate of material that transmits in the infrared region. See infrared optical material. 2. A spectral...
Herschel effect
The decrease in effect in developable density on a photographic plate formed by a second exposure to radiation having a...
luminescent greenhouse collector
A collector for photovoltaic power generation that consists of a thin plate that strongly absorbs sunlight striking its...
scatterplate
A flat plate having its surface formed into a random pattern by abrasives. Radiation wavelengths that are longer than the...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
spectrum measuring instrument
A traveling microscope or an automatic microdensitometer used to measure the spectrum plate obtained in a spectrograph.
in vitro
In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...
microchannel spatial light modulator
A device to modulate spatially a collimated coherent beam of light with input data in optical data processing. It uses a...
Senarmont compensator
A type of compensator for use with a microscope and consisting of a quarter-wave plate in a fixed position and a rotatable...
photopolymer hologram
A holographic plate coated by photopolymeric mixtures that are composed of one or more monomers and a photoredox catalyst...
green block
A porous ceramic substance that is ground to a given optical form and on which a polished plate of glass is sagged by heat...
photographic photometry
A form of photometric measurement, often used with light sources that are transparent or fluctuating, in which a...
neodymium glass
Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...
glass film plates
An early form of photographic media consisting of glass plates coated with an emulsion.
x-plates
Two flat parallel electrodes that are vertically mounted alongside each other in a cathode-ray tube and produce horizontal...
sandwich holography
The simultaneous exposure of two holographic plates with emulsions facing the object. After deformation, a second pair of...
free-abrasive machining
The process whereby a rotating wheel carries grains of an abrasive, suspended in a vehicle, across the surface of the...
extramural absorption cement
A cement used to reduce crosstalk in fiber optic bundles or plates.
lead sulfide cell
A photoconductive cell having greatest sensitivity in the infrared region. The photosensitive material of the cell is lead...
fringes of superposition
The multiple beam form of Brewster's fringes formed when the two plane-parallel plates have high-reflecting surfaces.
modulated zone plate
A zone plate produced by a computer and having a binary structure that can be etched into a chromium or quartz layer. It...

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