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Alluxa - Optical Coatings LB 8/23
positive Dictionary Terms

ion
An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons and, as a result, carries a negative or positive charge.
trial sets (ophthalmic)
Sets of lenses (positive, negative and cylindrical) usually mounted in circular rims suitable for slipping into trial...
alpha particle
A positively charged particle emitted from the nucleus of an unstable isotope, characterized by two protons and two...
Stark effect
The splitting or shifting of spectral lines or energy levels caused by the application of a strong transverse electrical...
loupe
A low-power (2x to 10x) magnifier consisting of a single positive lens assembly.
photoresist
Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...
image plane
A plane in which an image is formed. A real image formed by a positive lens would be visible upon a screen located in this...
positive-intrinsic-negative diode
positive spherical aberration
 perovskite
The term perovskite refers to a specific crystal structure commonly found in various materials. Perovskite structures have a...
ionic focusing
Also known as gas focusing. The introduction of an inert gas into a cathode-ray tube for the concentration of the electron...
equidensitometry
1. The use of an electronic microdensitometer to measure points of equal density on a photographic deposit. 2. A technique...
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
condenser
A single positive lens or group of lenses used in a projection system to collect light from a source and cause it to...
carrier injection
Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...
focal length
The focal length of a lens is the distance between the lens's optical center (or principal point) and the image sensor or...
dielectric constant
A number that indicates the magnitude of the shift in a solid of positive and negative charges in opposite directions when a...
electron
A charged elementary particle of an atom; the term is most commonly used in reference to the negatively charged particle...
image dissector tube
An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a...
lenticular stereo photography
A type of stereoscopic photography in which a pair of lenses focuses a pair of images, relative to the positions of the two...
Billet's split lens
An experimental lens used to produce interference fringes. A positive lens is cut into halves along its center, and the...
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...
unipolar
Refers to the transistors in which the working current flows through only one type of semiconductor material, either P-type...
positive dielectric anisotropy
The dielectric coefficient parallel to the director in a liquid crystal display (LCD), rather than perpendicular to the...
cathode
1. The negative electrode of a device in an electrical circuit. 2. The positive electrode of a primary cell or storage...
Babinet absorption rule
The rule stating that positive uniaxial crystals have greater absorption with respect to the extraordinary component of...
gram positive
Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...
electroluminescent-photoconductive image intensifier
A panel of photoconductive and electroluminescent layers used as either a positive or negative image intensifier, depending...
Langmuir dark space
A nonluminous area around a negatively charged probe that is inserted into the positive column of an arc or glow discharge.
pressurization
Injecting a gas (usually nitrogen) with a very low moisture content into the body of an optical instrument to create a...
technicolor
The color process that is used to form positive color cine films by dye transfer or imbibition, based on the use of separate...
electric quadrupole lens
A device that uses four electrodes set in an alternating positive-negative polarity series to focus the beams of charged...
lithography
Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...
slide projector
An optical projection device designed to project positive color transparencies onto a screen for viewing.
hydrophilic
Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...
swindle ghost image
A positive after-image that is maintained for a minute or more.
Judas optics
A small defocused Galilean telescope mounted in a hole in a door. Viewed from inside through the positive lens, a wide-angle...
fusion ignition
Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...
test glass
A transparent block shaped accurately to reverse curvatures of the components it is used to test. By contacting an...
photostatic camera
A type of copying camera in which the object is placed on a horizontal easel and photographed by a horizontal camera above...
positive crystal
A uniaxial, birefringent crystal having an ordinary ray with a higher velocity than the extraordinary ray.
halide
In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...
inertial fusion energy
Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...
thyristor
A family of semiconductor switching devices of which the silicon-controlled rectifier and the triac are most commonly used....
ambrotype
The underexposed collodion that is present on a glass negative as a positive when backed with material.
cation
An ion carrying a positive charge and thus attracted to the cathode during electrolysis.
cylindrical lens
A cylindrical lens is an optical component that has different curvatures along its two orthogonal axes, resulting in a shape...
convergence
1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...
PIN photodiode
A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....
automated optical inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...
overexposure
The improper exposure of a radiation-sensitive medium that results when there is too much radiation exposing the medium, or...
Brillouin scattering
Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...
Galilean telescope
A refracting telescope that yields an erect image by the use of a positive lens for its objective and a negative lens for...
simple magnifier
A short focal length (less than five inches) positive lens used to produce a magnified image of the object being viewed....
cathode-ray tube
A vacuum tube with an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other. Electrons emitted from a heated...
collector
A positive lens located at or close to an intermediate image plane. The collector refracts off-axis light bundles, directing...
collective lens
A convex or positive lens that serves to collect energy and direct it into subsequent system optics.
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...
coma
A lens aberration, resulting from different magnifications in the various lens zones, that occurs in that part of the image...
cathode stream
Also known as cathode rays. Formerly, this term described a stream of electrons emitted from the cathode of a gas-discharge...
simultaneous exposure and development
The process, used with a positive photoresist, in which the photoresist is immersed in developing chemicals while being...
bipolar
Refers to transistors in which the working current flows through two types of semiconductor material: N- and P-type. In...
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
hyperopia
A vision defect commonly referred to as farsightedness. Results when the image of a distant object is focused beyond the...
electrochromic display
Type of solid-state display tube in which the readout surface is coated with a material that changes color when positively...
gas current
The positive ion current created in an electron tube as a result of the collisions between electrons and residual gas...
autopositive
Any photographic medium that, when chemically developed, produces an exact photographic reproduction of the original.
sign conventions
A convention that defines specific dimensions of an optical system, such as the image distance or radius of curvature of a...
Faraday dark space
The nonluminous area that divides the negative glow from the positive column in a Crookes tube under conditions of moderate...
Van der Waals
Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...
Cooke triplet lens
The simplest lens in which all primary aberrations may be corrected. It consists of two positive crown elements on either...
Schumann plate
A specific type of photographic plate designed with only a small amount of gelatin to function in the extreme ultraviolet...
photolithography
Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...
bleach (or bleacher)
A chemical used in the developing of positive photographs that incites oxidation and thereby dissolves the negative silver...
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
microscope
An instrument consisting essentially of a tube 160 mm long, with an objective lens at the distant end and an eyepiece at the...

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