Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in response to applied mechanical stress or strain. This change in resistance occurs due to the deformation of the material's...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

An instrument used to test the hardness of various materials. It measures the pressure on a standard point that is necessary...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

A unit of pressure of 1 mm Hg, equivalent to 133 P. One atmosphere = 760 torr. (t).

Injecting a gas (usually nitrogen) with a very low moisture content into the body of an optical instrument to create a...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

The measure used in vacuum technology to quantify the total pressure capacity of the ferrofluidic seal before it fails.

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....

A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...

A substance that transmits the infrared, but which is too delicate or fragile to be used in the form of a single crystal....

A type of fiber optic sensor that detects changes in pressure, vibration, sound level or acceleration by monitoring the...

Deformation of a material caused by mechanical factors, especially constant pressure, and not attributable to thermal...

A type of fiber optic sensor that detects alteration in position, distance, pressure, liquid level or temperature by...

The nonluminous area that divides the negative glow from the positive column in a Crookes tube under conditions of moderate...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

A test chamber designed to expose the subject being tested to external conditions, such as heat, shock, pressure and...

A compact high-pressure light source in which an electrical discharge between electrodes spaced no more than 12 mm apart...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

A small mass spectrometer used to find leaks in a vacuum system by detecting the presence of helium. Using a magnetic...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

An instrument devised by Nichols and Hull for use in the measurement of radiation pressure. The device has two small...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...

The minimum amount of strength characteristic of an optical fiber, as determined by proof stressing; expressed in thousands...

The resistance of individual grains of an abrasive to breaking down under pressure. If the grains break down under...

A gas laser having a mixture of gases that makes it useful in the lab. The mixture of gases flows through a pressure and...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

The maximum to minimum range of temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration and biological conditions under which an optical...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

An arc discharge tube having a grid that is used to start the discharge through an atmosphere of inert gas or vapor at low...

Formulaic compensation to correct laser ranging data for the effects of horizontal refractivity gradients; it requires the...

A unit of pressure, one-thousandth of a bar, equivalent to 100 Pascal and 0.75 torr. One atmosphere equals 1013 mbar.

The apparent luminosity or glow that immediately envelops the cathode in a gas-discharge tube operating at low pressures....

A vacuum pump in which pressure is reduced by condensing gases on surfaces cryogenically cooled to about 20 K (liquid...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...

Measurement of absorption by the gas of interest in the 2- to 6-µm range as a function of tangent height pressure. The...

Also known as TEA laser. A coherent optical source with a wide wavelength range in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...

A phase-modulated sensor is a type of sensor that uses modulation of the phase of a signal to measure changes in a physical...

A thermal radiation detector consisting of a small cell with a blackened plastic front face that bulges slightly when heat...

A solid with a structure that exhibits a basically symmetrical and geometrical arrangement. A crystal may already possess...

The pressure in the gas region of an x-ray tube that has been reduced below 0.1 mm, the pressure necessary for the tube.

The pressure or stress of one newton per square meter.

1. The process of wearing down the surface of a softer material by rubbing it under pressure against the surface of a harder...

A rare gas used in small high-pressure arc lamps to produce a high-intensity source of light closely resembling the color...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

A detector cooling device in which a gas under high pressure escapes through an expansion valve in the tank; as the escaped...

An electron tube whose current flow is affected by the pressure on the gas or vapor contained in the tube.

Gas detection measurement technique that uses a built-in capacitative microphone to calculate the amount of absorbed laser...

An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

A nondestructive test, also referred to as LASAT, that uses a high-energy laser pulse that is targeted on an adhesively...

1. The term used to describe any of the many instruments used to remotely record physical dimensions, such as strain,...

A measurement of the hardness of a material as determined by the penetration depth of a diamond stylus under a specified...

A method of producing high-quality plastic optics in large volumes by injecting the heated, liquified plastic at high...

A high-brightness, short-duration source in which low-pressure gas initiates the discharge to vaporize material from the...

An electric discharge in a low-pressure gas having a low-current density and a space potential near the cathode that is much...

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

The process whereby a rotating wheel carries grains of an abrasive, suspended in a vehicle, across the surface of the...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A cloud chamber designed to maintain the gas within it at a high pressure as a means of reducing the range of the...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

The force exerted on a surface by radiation.

Calculated at a given point in a medium as the instantaneous pressure at that point in the presence of a sound wave, minus...

Interruption in the normal flow of a plasma or fluid characterized by sharp rises in velocity, temperature and pressure. As...

A device used to measure the pressure of gases and vapors, without regard to atmospheric pressure.