A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby the processing elements are directed by a single, central control unit; generally used for large numbers of relatively simple processing elements.

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

Fraction of light counter propagating collinear with the incident source. Processes considering backscattering are Raman,...

In target tracking, a technique for speeding up the image processing by removing bunches of pixels that are outside the area...

A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...

Any systemic process that ultimately reassembles all the system's components into their initial alignment, or an arrangement...

1. The additive process whereby the amplitudes of two or more overlapping waves are systematically attenuated and...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Photonics contract manufacturing refers to the outsourcing of the production of photonics-related components, devices, or...

The process whereby a quantum mechanical system alters from one energy level to another. During this process, energy is...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

An image-processing device that scans in a straight line parallel to the axis of a rotating cylinder to which the material...

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...

A polymer produced as a result of photochemical processes.

In image processing, a segmentation algorithm for isolating a region in an image by following its edge.

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

Filtered light to which photographic or other photosensitive materials are not responsive; used to illuminate darkrooms when...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

The process of applying a film of aluminum to a surface, usually by evaporation in a vacuum.

A heterochromatic photometric process using successive comparison of similar chromaticities and the calculation of relative...

The ratio of the power of the carrier wave to that of unwanted signal distortions, or noise, before any nonlinear signal...

Process in which two or more lights are combined by superposition.

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

The study of the reversible conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Electroplating is an electrochemical...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

Used to detect radiation from the infrared region. The functional process includes absorption of infrared radiation, which...

A technical specification for a consumer product drawn up by Sony and Philips. CD/I combines audio, video and text recorded...

In image processing, inclusive term for point and group processing.

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

1. The process of aligning the optical axes of optical systems to the reference mechanical axes or surfaces of an...

Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

Often referred to as the geometric center of a given image or image plane, the centroid of an image is a fixed point located...

The observation of specimens by a microscope linked to a television camera and an image processor.

An automatic surface-generating process involving the removal of a material from a given surface. Optical milling typically...

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

The processes in which luminous energy incident on the eye is perceived and evaluated.

A process in which a mixture of one or more monomers, plus a catalyst, polymerize under exposure to light radiation....

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

Laser marking is a process in which a laser beam is used to mark or engrave a surface by altering its properties or...

A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...

Abbreviated SoC. A single chip containing all the electronic circuits required for a complete, working product. SoCs are...

The use of the photographic process to produce precision copies of an original image that are many times smaller in size....

Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...

The color process that is used to form positive color cine films by dye transfer or imbibition, based on the use of separate...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

Entirely analogous to color photography, but inclusive of light bands that do not appear in the visible spectrum.

Process for growth of solar cells that results in rectangular shapes consisting of many interconnected cells in a series or...

A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

Photovoltaic (PV) refers to a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors. The term...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

The process of lapping a thin edge of metal over the bevelled edge of a lens to maintain it within its cell.

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

A process by which a plastic cell is molded around a glass lens or lenses to create a mount, eliminating the metal barrel...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

A colorless, crystalline compound whose low refractive index (n = 1.38) makes it effective as a lens antireflection coating...

In optical communications, the translation of optical signals into radio signals, lowering their frequency in detection from...

A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

The process of using a spectrograph with a telescope to acquire information on an astronomical object's speed and physical...

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

An image processing device that displays pseudocolor images by assigning colors to the gray scales according to look-up...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

The inhibition or elimination of one process by another process. The stimulated emission of a laser oscillator can be...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

A photographic process using x-ray radiation or the g-rays of radioactive materials.

Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...

In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...

A process by which the ionizing capabilities of a laser beam are used to break initiate conduction between pairs of...

The spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by the process of fluorescence.

A term used to describe a very coarse grinding process.

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

Commonly performed in spectroscopy, the optical null process is a method for radiation detection whereby physical detectors...

Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...

A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...

In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

In physics, the law of reversibility is often associated with the concept of reversibility in thermodynamics. The law...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A circuit whose passive components are deposited on a given substrate by sputtering or vacuum processes.

A two-dimensional scanning process, in which a slow sector scan, propagated in one direction, is superimposed at right...

Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs when an intense laser beam passes through a...

Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

A short term for latent image intensification, a process much like hypersensitizing in photography, but used after exposure...

The process of heating and slowly cooling a solid material, like glass or metal, to stabilize its thermal, electrical or...

The process in which the normal rate of fluorescent emission from a substance is enhanced by virtue of the optical gain of...

In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...

In image processing, the range of available gray levels. In an 8-bit system, the gray scale contains values from 0 to 255.

Also known as HCS, an analytical method designed to collect statistically relevant amounts of quantitative data on many...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

In image processing, the result of a sampling frequency that is too slow to preserve the spatial frequencies of the image....

A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a technique used in laser physics to amplify ultrashort laser pulses to high energies...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A photographic camera and processing system used to form a usable record of the subject in a short time, usually a few...

In digital image processing, a unit equal to 16 bits.

An accurate metal prism or plane parallel plate that is cemented to an optical element and remains with it during a series...

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

The computer module whose circuitry interprets instructions and guides the actions of the peripherals. Also known as the...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

The process by which the light from the images of photographic film is encoded into electrical signals for video...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

The process of attaching a device to the end of a fiber cable to enable the beam to be transmitted farther, to pass to...

A vapor-phase oxidation process for fabricating graded-index optical fibers. It differs from outside vapor phase deposition...

The process whereby a rotating wheel carries grains of an abrasive, suspended in a vehicle, across the surface of the...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

In the context of materials science and semiconductor physics, doping refers to the intentional introduction of impurities...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

A method of creating real three-dimensional models by using lasers driven by CAD software. In contrast to the normal...

1. In fiber optics, a protective material applied as an optical fiber cover that has no optical function. 2. In image...

Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...

A thin layer of a substance deposited on an insulating base in a vacuum by a microelectronic process. Thin films are most...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...

A system for automatic industrial process control or measurement, consisting of an optical module for image acquisition, a...

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to simulate the way light interacts with objects in a scene....

A high-frequency pulse-rate laser with an output limited by the heat capacity of the laser medium. Instead of having...

A thermoplastic or thermosetting material used to hold an object fixed and keep it from deterioration. In microcircuitry,...

An atmospheric nonlinear process unique to CO2 laser wavelengths, whereby CO2 absorbs 10.6-µm radiation and the CO2...

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

The application of a cine camera in recording the images on a fluorescent screen. When x-rays are used to produce the screen...

Pictorial information processing in which the processed picture shows a family of equidensity lines or bands coded with...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

The use of light to initiate the lasing process. See optical pumping.

A line-scan camera, also known as a line-scan image sensor or linear array camera, is a type of digital camera designed to...

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

A measurement in optical thin-film coating processes whereby the gases remaining in the vacuum chamber after coating are...

Glass that has been treated by the case-hardening process.

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...

The superposition of satellite or aerial images with a map in order to process and remove distortion. Uses reference points...

The curved mark formed when, in the process of generating, a loose or coarse diamond particle from the generating tool...

A robotic process commonly employed by automakers that enables high-speed and flexible production throughput by using...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

Phase matching is a crucial concept in the field of optics, particularly in nonlinear optics and the generation of coherent...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

The photographic recording of a subject that exhibits luminescence only for an extremely short time (10-8 s) after the...

That process by which radiation spontaneously emitted by a volume of optical materials is resonantly reabsorbed within the...

A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

A controlled random search process, such as generalized simulated annealing, that has been incorporated into many optical...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...

1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...

A type of computer in which the electronic circuits, which process data serially, are replaced by photonic circuits capable...

Diamond turning, also known as diamond machining or diamond cutting, is a precision machining process used to produce...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...

An electrochemical process of metal fabrication using an electrolyte, an anode to supply the metal, and a control of the...

A machining process that uses a laser to cut three-dimensional molds or models.

Laser optics refers to a broad category of optical components and systems designed for manipulating and controlling laser...

A process during which no heat enters or leaves the system.

1. In optics, one of the exterior faces of an optical element. 2. The process of grinding or generating the face of an...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

The name of the mixture of liquid and grinding or polishing compounds used in processing optical materials.

A process used to detect minute gravitational fields and to display images from objects by means of radiated gravitational...

A document-transmitting process that uses a cylinder that rotates the document to be scanned and detected by a photoelectric...

The process of linking optical fiber end to end.

Chirality is a property of certain molecules and objects in which they are non-superimposable on their mirror images. In...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

The broadening of spectral lines due to the collision of radiating particles with one another and the resulting interruption...

I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

The pattern used as a probe in morphological image processing to manipulate the size and shape of objects in an image.

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

A device embodying a microprocessor that converts an image to digital form and then further enhances the image to prepare it...

Discharge that results when a doped semiconductor crystal with a PN junction is charged with a low-voltage direct current....

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

In image processing, a morphology operator in which a structuring element or probe of a particular shape is moved over the...

A computer architecture used in parallel processing whereby all the processing elements are operating under their own local...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

1. The process of following an object's movement; accomplished by focusing a radar beam on the reticle of an optical system...

Successive layering of resistive, dielectric and conductive inks on a substrate by a type of screening process.

In image processing, the study of structure or form of objects in an image.

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...

A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

In imaging, the processing of pixel data in such a way that a group of pixels is analyzed at one time rather than one pixel...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

A process of color photography in which colors are added one to another in the form of light, rather than as colorants, to...

1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...

A microcircuit whose passive components consist of a ceramic-metal combination deposited on a given substrate by screening...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...

Any known value derived from standard analysis that serves as a reference to the accuracy of an instrument or process in...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...

The storage of data as bits in memory by holographic processes. The laser beam is divided into reference and object beams,...

The process whereby a spectacle lens is placed in a frame.

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

Transmission loss in optical fibers caused by packaging processes; it is considered a power-coupling effect from the guided...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...

A process used in the design, repair and customization of integrated circuits. A low-power laser etches a silicon wafer...

A plate of glass, usually a photograph, on which there is a central spot surrounded by concentric annular zones, alternately...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

Capability requirement for optical switches for transmission lines to process arbitrarily polarized light because of the...

Elastic scattering that occurs when inelastic processes eliminate particles from the beam.

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

A molded lens is an optical lens manufactured using a molding process, typically involving the shaping of a material, such...

A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...

A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...

The superimposition of a pilot object on each hologram. The fixed relative position of the scanning and pilot beam during...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

In morphological image processing, a series of dilations followed by the same number of erosions.

Also called DLIP, a high-speed, high-resolution processing technique that uses high-power, pulsed laser systems to directly...

The process of grinding the convex surface of a convexo-concave meniscus.

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

The term for an image captured by a detector and from which a dark frame, bias frame and/or flat-field frame can be...

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

Image processing peripheral that converts video images from cameras into digital format and transfers these digital images...

In image processing, a morphology operator in which a structuring element or probe of a particular shape is moved over the...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

In image processing, generating a color image from monochrome data by assigning a color to each of the gray levels.

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

1. The process of wearing down the surface of a softer material by rubbing it under pressure against the surface of a harder...

A process, either naturally occurring or mechanically induced, whereby water is changed from its liquid state into a vapor.

A nonlinear optical process in which the frequency of an optical beam is doubled coherently.

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

The process by which the raster beam in a video tube is cut off during the retracing and sync periods.

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

A photorefractive material used in image processing, holography and optical switching.

Abbreviation of "synchronization.'' In television, the timing signals used to drive the scanning process. Horizontal...

A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...

In image processing, a method of local smoothing by replacing each pixel with the median gray level of neighboring pixels.

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Diamond turning refers to a precision machining process used to produce complex optical components, particularly lenses and...

The ability of a vision system to interpret an image in a short enough time to keep pace with most operations.

An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...

The scanning of photographs or transparencies of images, either by a vidicon camera or flying spot scanner, for the...

A grinding process that employs fine emery.

Process of synthesizing long molecular chain materials (polymers) by reaction of many small molecules (usually thousands)...

A type of copying camera in which the object is placed on a horizontal easel and photographed by a horizontal camera above...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

A camera equipped with angular scales in altitude and azimuth. The scale readings are imprinted on the film when an exposure...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) refers to a technology used in the fabrication of integrated circuits,...

The group of adjacent pixels on which the convolution process is carried out.

The use of lasers in tailoring of such components as thin-film resistors. The process improves speed and accuracy.

A rapid roughing process for the quick removal of glass, the first step in manufacture of a curved lens surface. It is...

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves creating three-dimensional...

A qubit, short for quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing and quantum information...

Abbreviated TEA CO2 laser. A gas laser that provides shorter pulses and higher peak powers than conventional CO2 lasers. The...

The process of grinding the toric surface of a single vision sphero-cylindrical lens.

An imaging process, similar to specific Doppler mapping radar techniques, that utilizes a laser, an optical imaging system,...

Phototheranostics, a portmanteau of "photo" (light), "therapy," and "diagnostics," refers to an emerging field that combines...

The process of transferring collected energy from solar radiation into a heat-absorbing medium (e.g., an insulated tank of...

A scanning process in which the greatest amount of radiation determines part of a spiral motion rotating in one direction.

A technique that combines two or more imaging processes in order to minimize the disadvantages within each of the...

Derivative of the half-tone screen process involving the fabrication of a binary pulse-width modulated copy of the...

The collection and analysis of data relevant to monitoring the rate and quality of industrial production, either...

The process of producing a visible two-dimensional image of a scene that is dependent on differences in thermal or infrared...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

The eye's involuntary reaction in the process of accommodation. This reflex is most dramatic in response to looking at a...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

A pulse having extremely short duration, about 10-13 to 10-10 s, that is produced by mode locking of wide-bandwidth lasers,...

Line scan refers to a method of capturing images or data by scanning a single line at a time, as opposed to capturing the...

High power laser ablation device that by pulsed operation produces holes of controllable dimension on the scale of microns....

In image processing, machine vision and television, discrete brightness values quantized for a group of pixels. They can...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

On a display monitor, a small, mobile rectangle, cross-hair or pointer that locates a feature in an image that is the object...

The process of aligning the crystallites in a piezoelectric material by placing a large DC field across the element at an...

An optical circuit, either monolithic or hybrid, composed of active and passive components, used for coupling between...

The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...

Chemical vapor deposition is a process of applying dopants to a glass bait by flame reactions of gaseous compounds. See also...

Ablation applied to polymers and chemical solids. Process of material removal that minimizes edge damage but will not heat...

The process of grinding the concave surface of a sphero-cylindrical lens.

Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...

A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

A lens blank is a piece of optical material in a raw, unfinished state, typically in the form of a disk or block, from which...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...

The process whereby white light is separated into its component wavelengths. Light beams of different wavelengths are...

A unique glass made up of nano-structured materials to create millimeter sized monolithic glass space-variant polarization...

The process whereby the number of atoms or atomic systems in a set of energy levels is changed by the absorption of light...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

The process of forming a polisher by pressing it with an optical surface.

In image processing, a device that transforms the digital data into an analog video image that can be viewed on a monitor or...

A surface heat-treating process that produces a highly stressed surface. In case-hardening of glass, a plate of glass is...

In imaging technology, a device that converts raster or line-scan data to pixel form for further processing.

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...

1. A device used in chemistry to compare the colors of solutions held in flat-bottomed tubes and viewed along the length of...

A material that produces stimulated emission during the process of amplification with a laser system.

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

Filtering procedures aimed at estimating the original image by removing the blurring and noise suppression that occur during...

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

A device with a limited number of possible output values (sometimes able to be selected) that can translate an incoming...

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

A method of thin-film deposition in which electrons boiled off a heated cathode are used to melt the coating material. If a...

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...

With respect to the crystal, the decrease in energy that follows the process whereby the ions, separated from each other by...

Array used in coded-aperture imaging experiments with two-beam CO2 lasers that provide an artifact-free process, faithful...

Image processing operations performed on one area of an image.

In physics, nuclear fusion refers to the process in which two atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus,...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

The process of determining, with the aid of plane-polarized light, the stress distribution in materials under complex...

The sensitivity of a photographic emulsion when exposed to light, provided that the film is developed through a standard...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called,...

The process in the manufacture of an optical system that gives it the required geometric shape.

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method of secure communication that utilizes principles from quantum mechanics to...

In image processing, the mathematical relationships that link pixel brightnesses of input images to those of output images...

Process of analysis in which the analyte substance is distributed in a matrix before laser desorption. This method avoids...

Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...

A YAG crystal refers to a solid-state crystal made of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), which is a synthetic crystalline...

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

The analysis and measurement of the fluorescence emitted by a source. Fluorometric processes are more sensitive than light...

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...

The digitization process by which an image is manipulated to increase the amount of information perceivable by the human eye.

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

The process whereby a blank or disc is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to sag into a mold having a desired...

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology that is used to convert printed or handwritten text into...

A measuring instrument used for surface profiling and quantifying the roughness of a material. The stylus is placed on the...

A process for the production of optical fibers. A glass bait is rotated in a traversing flame of a reaction burner....

The study of crystal growth from the molten stage utilizing a holographic system wherein interferometric techniques record...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

The generation of a grating on a concave spherical blank by the holographic process. In this way, ghost images and intense...

A technique for obtaining improved resolution of images produced by large telescopes and distorted by the effects of...

Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...

A spectrometric instrument that detects radiation simultaneously in multiple channels, sorts it spectrally from the deep...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

A technique for reducing data processing requirements by electronically defining only a small portion of the image to be...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

The process whereby sound waves are employed to form a three-dimensional image of an object. The process involves generally:...

The process of photographing the retina of the eye.

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...

Raster scanning process like that of television: each line is scanned successively.

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A modulator is a device or component that modifies a carrier signal in order to encode information for transmission over a...

The process by which a surface is made to conform accurately to a given curvature.

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...

A process used in pyrometry and photothermometry to create a photographic record of a surface's temperature gradients....

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

A process of isolation of various atom vapor ions by means of tuning a laser source. For example, laser enrichment is...

In image processing and machine vision, the rate of change of pixel intensity.

A spectroscopic process that detects and analyzes the discharge from an extrinsic surface with less than bandgap light. This...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

A technique that uses a solid-state laser and a detector to determine an object's relative distance to the system. The laser...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

A lens that is symmetrical and designed to work between 1:1 and about 4:1. It covers a field of about ±20° at f/8...

Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...

Photogrammetry is a technique used to obtain accurate three-dimensional measurements of objects and environments through the...

In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that transforms pixel brightness and contrast through use of...

In image processing, a specially designed programmable computer peripheral that attaches to the host system for the purpose...

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a manufacturing process that builds three-dimensional objects...

A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...

An electromagnon is a quasiparticle excitation that combines aspects of both magnetism and electric polarization in a...

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

1. A contour map of a photographic deposit consisting of lines and curves that join points of equal density. 2. The...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

An amorphous film in which cylindrical bubbles of reverse magnetization can be formed to follow circuit paths usually made...

With respect to photography, the process used to increase the effective speed of an emulsion between manufacture and...

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

In image processing, the location of edges by employing templates that respond to the first or second derivative of...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

A process by which high-quality fiber optics are made. See axial vapor-phase deposition.

The component of a microscope on which the sample or slide to be examined is placed. Depending on the design of the...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

The process whereby blanks are attached to a block in a position for grinding or polishing.

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

The application of observed operational processes of sophisticated living organisms to mechanical and electrical systems in...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

Characteristic of optical correlators in which invariance to more than one distortion parameter per axis of the processor is...

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...

A crystal, glass, or quartz slicing and cutting machine is a specialized piece of equipment used in the manufacturing...

Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...

The process of defining a specific intensity level for determining which of two values will be assigned to each pixel in...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

The series of processes used to identify and evaluate crystal structure by using crystalline solids to diffract x-rays. In...

A term referring to various processes for forming visible images outside of a camera to be photographed on ordinary film....

The subtractive imbibing process of transferring color prints on paper whereby the dyes from three separately prepared...

In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

The formation of microimages for microreduction. The technique is used, for example, in the production of precision reticles...

The process of making an abrupt break in a spherical surface on a spectacle lens so that a new center of curvature is set...

A device used to delay transmission of a signal for functions such as memory loops, sequential processing or built-in...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....

A plate containing a uniform pattern of transparent holes in an opaque background, the clear area being nearly equal to the...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...

The process whereby pitch is broken and the lenses or blanks are removed from the block.

A process involving the interaction (absorption, emission or both) of two or more photons with a molecular entity.

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

1. The continuous thin strip marked by the scanning beam. Generally, during return of the scan, the line is blanked out. 2....

Parallel scanning refers to a method of acquiring data or images simultaneously from multiple sources or in parallel, rather...

The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...

A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an optical device used to measure the phase difference between two collimated beams of...

The process, used with a positive photoresist, in which the photoresist is immersed in developing chemicals while being...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

The basic process of color photography whereby colors are subtracted from white light by means of filters, making all colors...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

A frame taken with a CCD camera of a surface that is evenly illuminated by diffuse light. This frame shows irregularities in...

In image processing and elsewhere, generally an adjective to describe an assembly-line arrangement for performing a task....

Q-switched operation, or q-switching, is a technique used in lasers to produce short and intense pulses of light. The term...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

For each mode in an optical waveguide, the term used to describe the process by which an electromagnetic signal is distorted...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

In morphological image processing, a series of erosions followed by the same number of dilations.

A technique for creating optimal performance in a system by producing a specific beam irradiance distribution, usually...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

The recording of patterns by the production and use of latent electrostatic charge patterns. See electrostatic process.

The process by which the values of one digital image of an object or scene are removed from a second slightly different...

A computing paradigm that attempts to process information in a manner similar to that of the brain; it differs from...

An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...

The process of forming a lens to a given pattern, or of cutting a piece of glass along the line of scratch.

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...

1. In optics, the ability of a lens system to reproduce the points, lines and surfaces in an object as separate entities in...

The process of microphotography that involves the reduction of the original at a ratio greater than 100 to 1. The process is...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

The process of sealing laser components by means of frit seals, welding or bonding rather than using epoxy.

A device where each pixel in the detector array is mated with a preamplifier on a single silicon chip, providing sensing and...

A fiber optic communications system that works on the principles of homodyning or heterodyning. The transmitting laser...

In photonics, a lattice refers to a periodic arrangement of optical elements or structures, often on a microscopic or...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...

The process of reducing the size of an image by removing a certain proportion of the samples produced from the original...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

In image processing, the effect caused by large jumps between gray levels, rather than a gradual change.

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

A shaft, spindle or any object generally passed through a workpiece to hold, support or shape a particular piece during its...

A photographic camera designed to produce reproduction film of visual information (pictures, line drawings, graphs) for...

A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...

A device that acquires a signal and then stores it for a specified period of time before processing, and used, for example,...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

Examination of the processes whereby heat energy is converted into other forms of energy.

Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...

Computer numerically controlled (CNC) grinding is a manufacturing process that utilizes computerized controls and precision...

A confocal resonator, also known as a confocal cavity or confocal laser resonator, is a type of optical resonator...

A measure of the ability of a photographic system to record fine detail. Usually stated in terms of cycles per millimeter on...

The process of subjecting glass to temperature cycling to produce physico-chemical reactions that alter its properties....

A photosensitive device used to optically scan and read character data (numbers, letters etc.) and input this data into a...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

Popular process for silicon and polycrystalline production that consists of an alteration of the original state of a...

A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...

Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....

Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...

A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

An interference pattern that is recorded on a high-resolution plate, the two interfering beams formed by a coherent beam...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

Laser annealing is a process that involves using a laser beam to heat and modify the microstructure of a material, typically...

One class of nonlinear space-invariant transformation processes used for processing convolved and multiplied signals.

A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...

A hygroscopic powder used in the photographic process.

Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...

A method of fabricating a graded-index optical waveguide by means of an ion exchange process.

The process of removing some of the constituents of a glass surface by chemical action.

A semiconductor platelet laser that emits a coherent image by means of plane optical pumping over the platelet surface, and...

The generation of a grating on a flat surface by means of a series of interference fringes formed by a holographic process....

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

In digital image processing, a subcategory of frame processing that treats each pixel in terms of its relationship to...

In image processing, the enhancement of an image by increasing or decreasing its spatial frequencies.

Pitch, wax, resin or other cement suitable for holding optical parts to a spindle during grinding and polishing processes.

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

The process by which an atomic system changes from one energy level to another by either the emission or absorption of...

The formation of transistors, diodes, capacitors, resistors and other electronic elements directly on a flake of silicon by...

In image processing, mathematical operations that change spatial geometry, as for instance scaling, translating, rotating or...

In computerized industrial process control, the element that determines the choice and sequence of operations dependent on...

In image processing, the memory that stores the values for the point processes. Input pixel values are those for the...

The process of adjusting input pixel by pixel at the filter plane to adapt to nondeal phase behavior in an optical...

Acronym for self-aligned polysilicon interconnect N-channel. A metal-gate process that uses aluminum for the metal-oxide...

A sensor module used in advanced pattern recognition systems, containing signal-processing integrated circuits stacked and...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

With reference to absorbance, absorptance, transmittance and the like, the processes occurring within a specimen between the...

A phase reflection scanner that eliminates the need for a complex translation device while maintaining a high-energy-density...

A Kerr soliton refers to a specific type of soliton, a self-reinforcing wave packet, that arises in nonlinear optical...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

The point spread function (PSF) is a fundamental concept in imaging that describes the response of an imaging system to a...

A term used in data processing to describe a cathode-ray tube that displays graphic or character data.

The process of grinding the concave surface of a single-vision spherical lens.

In an optical fiber or waveguide communications system, an optoelectronic device or module that receives an optical signal,...

A device consisting of a microammeter, a photovoltaic cell and a battery. It is used for the measurement of scene brightness...

An imaging technique that labels all gray pixels as either black or white before processing begins.

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

Laser peening is a surface enhancement technique used to improve the mechanical properties of materials, particularly...

The process of binding or attaching larger metal sheets by laser welding. The effect is generated by higher power densities...

A computer whose architecture contains several CPU chips arranged in parallel. Often used in image processing systems.

The process or act of measuring the geometric properties of an object or image.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

A device designed to enlarge the image of a microscopic object by television process. It may be a flying spot scanner that...

A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...

The optical process, following grinding, that puts a highly finished, smooth and apparently amorphous surface on a lens or a...

A process used to control thickness and parallelism precisely during the production of plane-parallel plates. Elements are...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

The process of creating a large, panoramic image by aligning and joining a set of smaller images. Image processing is used...

Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

A wideband amplifier used to process video or picture information.

The processing of an image or portion of an image by transform coding and analysis. Fourier, Hadamand, Kronecker and...

A technique of using dyes during endoscopy to improve tissue differentiation. Dyes such as methylene blue, Toluidine blue...

The process of mapping the infrared emittance of an area through the use of an infrared detector and related scanning...

Lens which, by altering the phase, efficiently images through a holographic process.

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Computerized lens design algorithm that permits the lens MTF characteristic to be included and controlled during the...

A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...

A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...

The process by which a vitreous or amorphous substance forms a crystal structure at a specified temperature.

Photon flow created by imaging of light into a detector array; IPD is the electrical signal used by the image processor in a...

In image processing, the assigning of certain portions (or pixels) of an image a constant value of either 0 (black) or 1...

The direct computation of the Fourier transform of the space variant system output of an optical processor with a single...

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A breakout cable, also known as a fan-out cable or breakout assembly, is a type of cable that combines multiple individual...

In optics, the process of combining two lenses having equal and opposite powers to produce a result having no power.

In image processing, any operation that strengthens information about the edges of objects displayed. Three types of spatial...

An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

GigE, short for gigabit Ethernet, refers to a standard for high-speed Ethernet communication, capable of transmitting data...

The process whereby optical elements are removed from a block.

A variation from standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating techniques, magnetron sputtering is a plasma coating...

In image processing and machine vision, the process in which an initial measurement pattern or some subsequence of...

Pixel binning, also known as pixel merging or pixel combining, is a technique used in digital imaging and camera technology....

Observed phenomenon in laser pulses in which a large number of excited electrons are created and in which multiphoton...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

An optical scanning device designed to read information printed in the form of bars of different size by detection and...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

A type of photographic film, often used in microfilming, that is processed by heat treatment, needing no liquid application.

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

Instantaneous field of view (iFOV) is a term commonly used in the context of remote sensing, imaging systems, and optical...

Also known as single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), this process was designed for imaging of sensitive samples and...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

A device to modulate spatially a collimated coherent beam of light with input data in optical data processing. It uses a...

Process developed for the production of high-resolution patterns in electro- and magneto-optics. These high-generation...

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...

The process in which the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube varies in intensity in accordance with the magnitude of the...

Expression of the nondimensional coefficient of the heat transfer in a convection process.

Two essential pieces of equipment used in connection with the microfilming process: a camera capable of producing, on film,...

Potential alternative to the conventional pulse approximation method of digital image processing because of its highly...

A light absorbing material applied to ground optical surfaces during the process of making that surface non reflective. Such...

The Golgi staining technique (also called the black reaction) makes it possible to look at the nervous system by rendering...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

The engraving of a surface by acid, acid fumes or a tool; a process extensively used in the manufacture of reticles.

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

A computer-generated kinoform used for data processing because of its use of incoherent light and its wide field of view,...

The observation and measurement of the flatness of a mirror surface by contacting an optical flat with the mirror. The...

A superposition of many zone plates, each reconstructing a real and virtual point image at the appropriate locations upon...

The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A process and method by which manipulation and orientation of a given number of directed laser beams decreases the motion of...

In image processing, methods of reducing image defects that result from false data. Techniques include sampling, linear...

Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...

A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with...

Change of the spatial distribution of a beam of radiation when it interacts with a surface or a heterogeneous medium, in...

Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...

The analysis of fluorescence emitted by discrete atoms, in flames, that have absorbed radiation from an external source. It...

The stereo image that is recorded by the lenticular, stereo photographic process.

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...

The degree to which a pixel in a digital image represents the analog brightness of the corresponding point in the original...

In image processing, modifying the dot that forms the image in order to simulate a series of gray tones.

Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...

The technique by which an analog image is converted by any of several means into a finite array of points, each represented...

The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

In digital image processing, a method of convolution that reduces random noise by replacing the value of each pixel with the...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...

An electroradiographic process that uses ionization of air by x-rays as a basis for forming electrostatic images.

The process whereby the shape of an optical surface is altered by polishing.

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

An instrument for determining the sensitivity of a photographic film to light. The film is given either a stepped exposure...

A general-purpose lens, also known as the Celor lens, used widely in photography and commercial processing; it has the form...

A 2D profile sensor is a type of sensor used in various industrial and technological applications to measure and capture...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

In the optical shop, the process of positioning and marking a blank or lens before surfacing, cutting and edging.

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

A set of algorithms used to study the structural and spatial characteristics of objects in a digitized image for...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

The process by which laser emission is used in measuring fluid velocity and, more specifically, the detection of air and...

A process that employs heat to remove polyimide plastic coatings from silica optical fibers and capillary tubing.

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

1. The process by which an atom acquires energy sufficient to raise it to a quantum state higher than its ground state. 2....

The alignment process that makes the optical axes of two related systems parallel to each other. Also, making the optical...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...

A process of forming ions within a given molecular species by incident laser light. The molecular species may remain intact,...

A method of measuring flow velocity by seeding the flow with neutrally buoyant particles and using a pulsed laser to...

Process that occurs when a polymerized soft plastic rod with higher refractive index is placed in a bath of a lower...

A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....

The process by which a substance, usually a solid, attracts and retains on its surface the molecules of another substance.