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rotation Dictionary Terms

Sagnac interferometer
Sagnac interferometry is a technique used to measure rotation or angular velocity based on the principle of interference. It...
gyroscopy
Gyroscopy refers to the principles and applications of gyroscopes, devices that measure or maintain orientation based on the...
laser gyroscope
Counter propagating beams imaged along the same path in order to detect rotation. Precise rotation is measured through...
absorption spectrum
An absorption spectrum is a graphical representation of the absorption of light by a material as a function of wavelength,...
optical diode
See Faraday rotation; optoisolator.
polarimetry
The measurement of the rotation of the plane of polarization of radiant energy, usually through the use of a polarimeter.
roll
In positioning, rotation about the line of sight or direction of travel.
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
half-wave voltage
That voltage required across a Pockels, Kerr or other electro-optic light modulator to retard one polarization electrical...
Risley prism
A Risley prism, also known as a Risley prism pair or Risley rotating prism, is an optical device used for controlling the...
robotic arms
Robotic arms, also known as robot arms or manipulator arms, are mechanical devices designed to mimic and perform the...
magnetic rotation spectroscopy
Technique in which the polarization rotation of light, and its relationship to the magnetic field strength can be analyzed...
yaw
In positioning, in-plane rotation about the vertical axis. Also known as azimuth.
optical caliper
A device for measuring linear dimensions. The optical caliper generally consists of two circularly mounted mirrors whose...
alidade
An old name for the rotating arm moving about an axis of rotation over a divided circle used to measure angles. Now the term...
enhanced Faraday effect
The occurrence of very large rotations in transparent materials at weak magnetic fields as predicted in the classical...
ring-laser gyroscope
A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is a type of gyroscope that uses laser light to detect and measure changes in orientation. It...
flowmeter
A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....
Raman spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...
fiber optic gyroscope
A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...
rotational power stability
Ability of a laser to resist variations in output power caused when it is slowly rotated about its optical or symmetrical...
freeform mirrors
Freeform mirrors refer to reflective optical components that deviate from traditional symmetric or rotationally symmetric...
polariscope
A combination of a polarizer and an analyzer that is used to detect birefringence or rotation of the plane of polarization...
magneto-optic shutter
A type of high-speed photographic shutter that uses Faraday rotation to produce exposure times as fast as 1 microsecond. It...
pointing interferometer
A device attached to the end of an alignment telescope that detects and calculates a plane mirror's rotation axis that is...
circular dichroism
Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...
theodolite
A precise telescope set on a pair of rotation axes, the horizontal and vertical axes equipped with two divided circles. One...
absorption band
An absorption band is a range of wavelengths, frequencies, or energies in the electromagnetic spectrum within which a...
degrees of freedom
The number of unique ways in which a part can move in an alignment system. In static alignment, there are six: one in the...
absorption
Absorption is the process by which a material takes in energy from electromagnetic radiation (such as light, heat, or sound)...
polar
Depicting one of the two ends of an axis of rotation.
Faraday effect
The Faraday effect, named after the English scientist Michael Faraday, is a phenomenon in physics where the polarization...
pitch
In positioning, rotation about an axis normal to the line of sight. Also known as attitude.
polygonal mirror
A polygonal mirror, also known as a multifaceted mirror or facet mirror, is a type of optical component used in various...
magneto-optic storage
A specific type of storage in which the material to be written on is heated above its transition temperature and switched in...
circular variable filter
An optical interference coating, vacuum-deposited on a circular substrate, whose transmission characteristics may be varied...
circular-ranging optical coherence tomography
Circular-ranging optical coherence tomography (CR-OCT) is a specialized imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and...
coincidence rangefinder
An optical instrument used to determine the distance to a target being viewed. Two similar optical systems view the target...
fluorescence decay system
A device, also called a fluorescence lifetime instrument, that measures decay curves of fluorescing samples. It generally...
azobenzene
Azobenzene is a chemical compound consisting of two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond. It is well-known for its...
Verdet constant
A factor of an equation of the Faraday effect, which is the rotation of the plane of light polarization by transparent...
polarimeter
A polariscope with a half-shade device and an angular scale generally attached to the analyzer. It is used to measure the...
Raman scattering
Raman scattering, also known as the Raman effect or Raman spectroscopy, is a phenomenon in which light undergoes inelastic...
stylus indicator alignment
A method used in surface quality testing for accurate positioning and rotation of metal spheres about an axis or fixed point...
drift scan
An astronomical scanning technique for capturing images of stars without moving the sensor. To perform a drift scan, a CCD...
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...
gas laser
One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...
tachometer
An instrument designed to measure the rate of rotation of components, such as shafts.
galvanometer
A galvanometer is an instrument used for detecting and measuring small electric currents. It typically consists of a coil of...
terahertz
Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...
drift curve
A technique used in astronomy that requires a radio telescope to be directed at a point in the sky west of the object under...
carbon dioxide laser
A gas laser in which the energy-state transitions between vibrational and rotational states of CO2 molecules give emission...
bulk nonreciprocal device
A device that functions throughout the continuous radiation of a linearly polarized plane wave, and whose nonreciprocity...
phototransistor tachometer
A tachometer consisting of a light source, rotating perforated wheel and phototransistor to measure the rates of rotation of...
optical rotation
1. The angular displacement of the plane of polarization of light passing through a medium. 2. The azimuthal displacement of...
total image runout
Image displacement by a decentered lens, rotated on a chuck whose axis of rotation passes through the geometrical center of...
optical lever
A device used to detect and measure small amounts of rotation. The rotating object contains a reflecting surface from which...
horizontal travel
The rotation of an instrument (or the line of sight of an optical system) in a horizontal plane; transverse.
Weissenberg method
The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...
Laurent polarimeter
A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...
telescope mount
The base used to hold an astronomical telescope. It may be either altazimuth, with horizontal and vertical axes of rotation,...
freeform optics
Freeform optics refers to the design and fabrication of optical surfaces that do not follow traditional symmetric shapes,...
optical axis
The imaginary line passing through both the centers of curvatures of the optical surfaces of a lens or mirror; the optical...
isolator
In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...
galvanometric scanner
A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...
levorotary
Characterizes a substance whose plane of polarization is rotated counterclockwise as the observer looks through the material...
Pechan prism
A prism made up of two air-spaced components. It has the ability to revert, and not invert, an image, and can be used in...
delta prism
A compact, folded version of a Dove prism, made of high-index glass with a silvered base and used for image rotation.
magneto-optics
Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...
molecular motor
A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...
rotational transition
One of the types of change in the energy levels of molecules or atoms in a laser that can result in lasing action. Because...
gimbal mount
An optical mounting device that permits adjustment around two perpendicular and intersecting axes of rotation.
diurnal aberration
Atmospheric aberration caused by the Earth's rotation; the degree varies from 0 at the poles to a maximum of 0.31 s of arc...
constant linear velocity
Method of disk rotation used for optical disk drives, in which the spindle motor decreases the speed of the disk's rotation...
swept-source Raman spectroscopy
swept-source Raman spectroscopy is an advanced analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy with...
radial runoff
The deviation from the ideal case where a circular variable filter is located at a given wavelength along a radial line (or...
Fizeau toothed wheel
A device used to measure the speed of light by adjusting the rotation of a toothed wheel so that light passing through one...
polarimetric analysis
The determination of a substance's identity or quantity through the analysis of its optical rotation. For example, the...
enantiomer
Enantiomers are a pair of molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, similar to left and right...
sidereal time
Frequently used in astronomical measurement, it is based on the diurnal rotation of a star relative to the fixed stellar...
magnetic rotation spectrum
The absorption spectrum of an element influenced by a magnetic field in the same direction as the transmitted light, which...
ammonia maser
An ammonia maser is a device that amplifies microwave radiation using ammonia gas molecules in a process analogous to how...
linear positioning stage
A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...
meso form
A form of an element that cannot demonstrate optical activity as a result of dextrogyrate and levogyrate effects that are...
fixed axis of rotation
The locus of points in a system along a line that remains stationary while the remainder of the system rotates.
sextant
A handheld navigational instrument used to measure the elevation angle of celestial bodies such as the sun. An image of the...
penta prism
A five-sided prism containing two reflecting surfaces at 45° to each other, and two refracting faces perpendicular to...
equatorial mount
A telescope stand equipped with a polar axis that can be set parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation and a declination axis...

(88 results found)

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