A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This digital replica is created using real-time data and simulation models, allowing for the monitoring, analysis, and optimization of...

Simulation of atmospheric turbulence for laboratory experimentation purposes, achieved by creating an unstable vertical...

The term "Rydberg atom" refers to an atom in a highly excited state where one or more of its electrons are in a Rydberg...

A compact high-pressure light source in which an electrical discharge between electrodes spaced no more than 12 mm apart...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is a holographic image produced using computational methods and algorithms, rather than...

The simulation of solar radiation in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum for the analysis of extraterrestrial sunlight and...

Simulation of radiative transfer in which each photon is generated by a source and its path through the medium is...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...

Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...