The substrate upon which a diffraction grating will be ruled. It must be dimensionally stable, and the surface must be polished to an accurate flat or spherical form as required by the grating. The substrate for a replica must have the identical but...

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

Sapphire crystal refers to a transparent, single-crystal form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) known as corundum. It is one of the...

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

Device in which the various circuit elements are fabricated in different substrate materials and then appropriately joined...

Epitaxial deposition is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing and materials science to grow a thin crystalline...

Also cellulose acetate film. The emulsion layer applied to the substrate of a photographic surface. The emulsion layer is...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

An early type of nonvacuum photocell consisting of a layer of copper oxide on a metallic substrate, with a thin transparent...

Coating carried out in a sealed chamber evacuated by a mechanical pump in series with an oil diffusion pump to a pressure...

An interference filter in which a very thin metal foil with a periodic array of square holes (inductive mesh) or a thin...

The application of coating without heating of the substrates.

Thin-film coating, single or multilayer, that is applied to a substrate to increase its reflectance over a specified range...

Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...

The creation of a diode laser structure by liquid-phase epitaxy over a grooved substrate.

A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

An array of refractive microlenses that are round, square and hexagonal and as small as 15 µm. They are used for...

A rigid medium, generally a polycarbonate substrate coated with a reflective aluminum layer, that stores information (such...

The application of reversible writing with a laser beam on particular storage materials. In one method, an amorphous film is...

The intermolecular attraction between two surfaces, as between a substrate and a coating; it is an important factor in the...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A V-shaped channel pressed or etched into a substrate, in which, for example, optical fibers may be placed to create an...

One or more thin-film layers of optical material deposited on a mirror blank/substrate in order to enhance the way that...

A method of growing single crystals in which atoms and molecules from gaseous organic compounds interact and form a layer on...

An accurately produced hole of any size and shape that is used as a masking device in an optical system. Pinhole apertures...

A high-reflectance coating consisting of alternating layers of quarter-wave film of a higher refractive index and lower...

A technique of optical storage whereby information is encoded by molecular alterations in the interaction between the...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

An acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of a solid and decays exponentially with substrate depth. Also called a...

A composite derived from aluminum alloy powder and silicon carbide, used as an optical substrate in air- and spacecraft...

In integrated circuits, a pathway, hole, or other passage through the substrate.

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

Of evaporative coatings, a condition resulting when small chunks of material fly from the hot crucible onto the substrate...

A Dammann grating is a type of diffractive optical element (DOE) used to create an array of equally spaced,...

Successive layering of resistive, dielectric and conductive inks on a substrate by a type of screening process.

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

A solar cell that is lightweight and flexible because of its construction by vacuum deposition of a semiconductor material...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

A thin layer of metal deposited on the surface of a substrate. The film may serve as a reflector, beamsplitter, neutral...

A circuit whose passive components are deposited on a given substrate by sputtering or vacuum processes.

A glass substrate that has its rear surface coated with a reflective coating. Also known as a back-surface mirror.

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

Thin-film coatings are layers of material applied to the surface of an object or substrate, typically to modify its optical,...

A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...

Multiple, interconnected circuit elements, contained on or in a common substrate, that function as a unit and not separately.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

A variation from standard physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating techniques, magnetron sputtering is a plasma coating...

A monolithic device containing both photonic and electronic sources, detectors, modulators, etc., on a single semiconductor...

Thin-film deposition equipment refers to machinery and tools used in the process of depositing thin layers of material onto...

Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...

A device used in the sputtering of thin films, in which a magnet system on the back of the cathode deflects the electrons,...

A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...

An optical reflector with the reflective coating applied to the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates the ghost...

An OLED display that has an integrated electronic backplane as its substrate. Active-matrix OLED displays use at least two...

A photomask, also known simply as a mask or reticle, is a key component in the photolithography process used in...

A memory device consisting of thin disks of a magnetic substance deposited on a nonmagnetic substrate for use in a computer.

A vacuum deposition method in which the coating material (target) is removed from the surface of the coating source...

1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...

A mirror blank refers to the initial piece of material from which a mirror is made. It is typically a flat or slightly...

A well controlled thin films technique for growing films with good crystal structure in ultra high vacuum environments at...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...

Low-insertion-loss fiber coupler fabricated from a sheet of light-sensitive material laminated onto a fused quartz substrate...

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

A microcircuit whose passive components consist of a ceramic-metal combination deposited on a given substrate by screening...

Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

In the context of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, a wafer refers to a thin, flat disk or substrate made of a...

A technique used in integrated optics where a groove is cut on a substrate surface and covered by a thin film to facilitate...

A method of polishing an aspheric surface by mechanically distorting the optic while polishing the surface to a perfect...

A crystalline ferroelectric material used primarily as a substrate and an active medium for thin-film optical modulators and...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

The process of perforating a silicon or ceramic substrate with a series of tiny holes along which it will break. Nd:YAG or...

In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it....

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

A method of depositing crystalline films one molecular layer at a time, by dipping the substrate into water containing a...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Epitaxial refers to the growth of a crystalline layer on a crystalline substrate in such a way that the orientation of the...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

A crucible made of electrically resistive material through which a current is passed to heat the material inside, which then...

Die bonding is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing and microelectronics assembly, where a semiconductor die or...

A reflection grating is an optical component that consists of a series of closely spaced, parallel reflecting surfaces or...

A nanotube, also known as a nanotubule or simply a tube-like structure, is a nanoscale cylindrical structure composed of...

In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A dichroic coating, also known as a dichroic filter or dichroic mirror, is an optical coating designed to selectively...

A technique for depositing a material coating on metal, ceramic, semiconductor or polymer substrates. The interaction of...

A type of laser for which a large number of the components can be fabricated in or upon a single substrate.

A binary semiconductor compound used as a substrate or active layer for diode lasers.

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

An optical interference coating, vacuum-deposited on a circular substrate, whose transmission characteristics may be varied...

Reactive evaporation refers to a process in thin-film deposition where a material is deposited onto a substrate through...

A method used in integrated optics; formed by growing an epitaxial layer of active material, removing it from its base and...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Photoresist is a light-sensitive material used in photolithography processes, particularly in the fabrication of...

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

A photoconductive cell consisting of a layer of selenium on a substrate whose electrical resistance varies with the...

In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...