Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications due to its exceptional optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Sapphire is transparent over a wide range of wavelengths,...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

In the context of thin film deposition processes such as evaporation or sputtering, masks are used to selectively deposit...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

A device that uses nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between fused silica substrates to change the phase of polarized...

An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...

A manufacturing process used to construct substrates for large optical components. Used with IR materials, planform bonding...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

The application of coating without heating of the substrates.

Equipment dependent on the effects of a vacuum. The principal applications in optics are in the coating of lenses and...

Lithography is a key process used in microfabrication and semiconductor manufacturing to create intricate patterns on the...

Micro-LED (micro-light-emitting diode) refers to a technology that involves the use of very small light-emitting diodes to...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

A technique for depositing a material coating on metal, ceramic, semiconductor or polymer substrates. The interaction of...

A form of liquid crystal widely used in displays, achieved by sandwiching a liquid crystal material between two substrates...

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

A vacuum deposition method in which the coating material (target) is removed from the surface of the coating source...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

Optical manufacturing tools and machinery encompass a wide range of equipment, instruments, and systems used in the...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...