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television Dictionary Terms

zinc sulfide
A polycrystalline material that transmits in the infrared; it is used as a phosphor in x-ray and television screens.
television waveform
The graph of the oscillating variations composing the wave of a video signal.
absolute colorimetric
Method of preserving the measured color value and color information as it is translated from differing devices. For example...
interlaced
Describing the standard television method of raster scanning in which the image is the product of two fields, each of which...
image isocon
A television camera tube that preceded the development of the vidicon tube and incorporated a method to separate reflected...
fluorescent screen
A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...
quasi-optical
Having properties resembling those of light- waves; e.g., the propagation of waves in the television spectrum.
noctovision
A television system used for seeing in the dark, particularly with the use of infrared rays.
aspect ratio
With respect to pictorial displays, the ratio of the width to the height. The television standard in the US is 4:3....
convergence
1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...
picture tube
A term referring to the cathode-ray tube used in television receivers.
direct scanning
A scanning technique in which the object is illuminated the entire time, and in which picture elements of the object are...
saticon
A direct-readout television pickup tube.
television camera
A camera containing an electronic image sensor that converts the image to an electronic signal suitable for television...
horizontal resolution
In television, the number of individual pixels that can be distinguished in a horizontal scanning line; also called...
camera tube
The electron beam tube of a television camera that converts an optical image into a pattern of electrostatic charges and...
primary colors
A set of three colored lights which, when mixed, give the sensation of white light. The set used in color television, for...
video
Referring to the bandwidth and spectrum location of the signal produced by television or radar scanning.
closed-circuit television system
A television system that does not broadcast television signals but transmits them over a closed circuit.
frame
1. To center an image or place it in any part of the television screen desired. Also applies to stills. 2. A single image of...
mask
1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...
target
1. The anode or anticathode of an x-ray tube that emits x-rays when bombarded by electrons. 2. The screen in a television...
trinoscope
A color-television viewing system with three kinescopes, three lenses and three deflection yokes used to form the red, green...
vidicon
A small television tube originally developed for closed-circuit television. It is about 1 inch in diameter and 5 inches...
gray levels
In image processing, machine vision and television, discrete brightness values quantized for a group of pixels. They can...
advanced compatible television
A television format with enhanced vertical resolution (400 lines as compared with the standard 330) that, unlike...
tearing
In television, a lateral displacement of the lines from their normal position due to the instability of a synchronizing...
sequential scanning
Raster scanning process like that of television: each line is scanned successively.
liquid-surface holography
The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...
television bandwidth
The span of frequencies within which a single channel of broadcast television must fall; in the US, it is 6 MHz.
back channel
A channel for communication with the source in an otherwise unidirectional network, such as a channel that provides...
white level
The state of a carrier signal that corresponds to maximum picture brightness in a television system.
air-to-ground phototransmission system
A category of systems designed to communicate a photo taken from the air (e.g., aircraft, balloon, satellite) to a ground...
scanner
1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
pairing
In interlaced television scanning, an effect in which the lines of one field fail to fall exactly within the lines of the...
diascope
1. An optical device used for projection of enlarged images of transparencies or lantern slides on a screen. 2. A device...
spot meter
A telescopic light-sensing meter used to measure illumination levels of small regions at a distance of many feet; it is used...
television monitor
A television receiver that receives the signals generated by a television camera directly, or remotely through a radio...
high-frequency distortion
Distortion of the high frequencies of a signal. In television, the term generally applies to frequencies above the 15.7 kHz...
videography
Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...
National Television Systems Committee
The code used to describe the United States system of color telecasting.
receiver primaries
Also known as display primaries. Colors formed by a television receiver that are of constant chromaticity and variable...
television aperture
The term that represents the size of one of the many small elements into which a television image is necessarily broken down...
interference inverter
A device, consisting of a diode activated by an interference pulse, that is designed to minimize the white spots on a...
neutron radiography
The nondestructive analysis and recording of industrial components based on the absorption of relatively low-energy neutrons...
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
underwater television system
A television system designed to obtain pictures of objects or scenes beneath the surface of the water. Generally, a...
horizontal blanking interval
In television, the period during which the electron beam is cut off while the raster returns from the right-hand side of the...
Kell factor
In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of...
gamma
A numerical value representing the degree of contrast in a television picture: the exponent of the power law used to...
orthicon
A television camera tube in which a low-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive mosaic that has been created by an...
optical fiber
Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...
smear
A lack of resolution in a television image as a result of smear ghosts or an insufficiently high video-frequency response....
slow-scan television
A television system that uses a slow rate of horizontal scanning to increase its reproduction and transmittance accuracy of...
picture monitor
A kinescope used to survey the details of television video transmission.
vertical blanking
With respect to a television system, a pulse transmitted at the end of each field to break off the cathode-ray beam as it...
aperture distortion
A loss of resolution or detail in a television signal caused by the size of the electron scanning beam.
smear ghost
A false image in television that follows the desired image so closely that it appears to be smeared.
field repetition rate
The number of fields scanned per second in a television system. The US standard is 60. Also called field frequency.
scanning disc
In field-sequential color television, the rotating tricolor disc placed between the subject and the lens, or between the...
television line number
The value equal to the raster height divided by the half-period of a periodic test pattern.
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
aperture mask
Also known as a shadow mask, a perforated plate placed between the focusing and accelerating electrodes, and the tricolor...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
black level
The level of the television picture signal that corresponds to the maximum limit of black peaks.
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
horizontal drive control
A device that controls the output of a television receiver's horizontal oscillator.
radio frequency
The frequency range for radio and television transmission.
genlock
A device used to lock the internal synchronization generator of a television camera to an external source.
electron-beam film scanning
The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television...
beamsplitter
A beamsplitter is an optical device for dividing a beam into two or more separate beams. A simple beamsplitter may be a very...
direct viewing
The observation of a reproduced television picture on the face of a cathode-ray tube.
broadband filter
A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...
television projection
A television display system in which the television signal is converted to an image that is projected onto either a front or...
stereoscopic television
A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
televise
To transform a picture or image field into a television signal for transmission.
matrix
With respect to television, that part of a color television circuit that combines the I, Q and Y signals, and changes them...
visually coupled airborne systems simulator
A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in...
C-mount
A standard lens interface initially made for 16mm movie cameras and now used primarily on closed-circuit television cameras....
electron speckle pattern interferometry
A method for detecting vibration amplitudes analogous to image holography, except that the film emulsion is replaced by a...
vertical resolution
In television system specifications, the number of parallel horizontal black and white lines of equal thickness, that can be...
scanning acoustic microscope
Also called scanning laser acoustic microscope. A device that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to penetrate surfaces. A...
television microscope
A device designed to enlarge the image of a microscopic object by television process. It may be a flying spot scanner that...
video detector
A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to...
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
electronic viewfinder
A small television monitor that replaces the reflex viewfinder in a television camera.
color television
A television system that is capable of producing an image whose colors approximate the colors of the original, by the use of...
forward-looking infrared
A night-vision device that uses one or more infrared transducers to scan a scene in the 3- to 5-µm or 8- to...
video-intensified microscopy
The observation of specimens by a microscope linked to a television camera and an image processor.
image orthicon
A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...
sync
Abbreviation of "synchronization.'' In television, the timing signals used to drive the scanning process. Horizontal...
image dissector tube
An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a...
frame frequency
The number of times per second that the frame of a television system is completely scanned. In the United States, 30 per...
contrast control
With respect to television, a potentiometer that allows variation of the intensity of the different elements of an image and...
neodymium glass
Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...
vertical retrace
With respect to television, the returning direction of the electron beam during the vertical blanking period.
rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
kinescope
A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is...
television transmitter
An electronic device used to encode video and audio signals of a television camera into radio waves that are broadcast to...
television signal
The combination of the audio and visual signals that are transmitted and received at the same time, correlating the scene...
double-Gauss lens
A fast, wide-angle lens used in television and photographic cameras, with excellent overall correction, but subject to...
high contrast
A term used to describe a photograph, film or television picture where the values for black and white areas are at or near...
sequential color transmission
With respect to television, the transmission of the signals that originate from variously colored parts of an image in a...
field
1. In raster scan television, one of the two scans that are interlaced to make up a frame. 2. See field of view.
red, green, blue
RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is...

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