A laser having a rod that is a stacked array of discs immersed in a transparent flowing coolant fluid. In this way, the cooling rate is increased, the temperature gradients are basically parallel to the laser beam, and the discs can remain quite...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

A furnace, generally electrically heated, with a control system capable of following a cam by which the temperature can be...

A metal, alloy or compound that loses its electrical resistance at temperatures below a certain transition temperature...

A numerical representation of the rate at which a material will exhibit dimensional changes as a direct result of changes in...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

Glass of special composition that is melted, formed into desired shapes, and subjected to a high-temperature treatment in...

Temperature of the blackbody having chromaticity nearest to that of the test source on a specified chromaticity diagram.

The ratio of an object's radiance to that emitted by a blackbody radiator at the same temperature and at the same wavelength.

A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

Characteristic of dissimilar metals in thermoelectric solar cells whereby separate junctions exhibiting distinct...

Fixed-pattern noise is the measure of the static (nontemporal) differences between pixels when the detector is evenly...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

The analysis of structural and molecular dynamics caused by low temperature.

An atmospheric nonlinear process unique to CO2 laser wavelengths, whereby CO2 absorbs 10.6-µm radiation and the CO2...

Horizontal concentrations that comprise the dominant factor in atmospheric gradient correction. The range bias near due...

A device that produces an interferogram that can be directly related to the temperature gradient and thereby provides a...

1. The term used to describe any of the many instruments used to remotely record physical dimensions, such as strain,...

Any material of a macromolecular nature that can stretch at room temperature to more than twice its length and return to...

The temperature above which a ferromagnetic material becomes only paramagnetic.

A type of erasable data storage device that uses a medium deposited on the disc in two layers, each dyed to absorb a...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

The process of aligning the crystallites in a piezoelectric material by placing a large DC field across the element at an...

A method of applying antireflection coatings to optics that avoids the elevated temperatures normally used. A cold coating...

That part of an infrared detector-Dewar assembly that limits the solid angle viewed by the sensor; it is maintained at a...

Photolithography is a key process in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits, and...

An instrument for determining the temperature of a hot object by examining the color spectrum of the visible light it gives...

The SI unit of temperature equal to 1°C. See absolute temperature scale.

The central wavelength range of a transmitter based on the worst-case scenarios of temperature, manufacturing and other...

The radiation emitted from a group of charged particles that does not depend on the temperature of the source in which those...

The determination of the temperature of a source by the detection of its incandescent brightness.

An adhesive that permanently sets or hardens at a specified high temperature. Methacrylate is an example of a thermosetting...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment refers to a class of specialized apparatus used in the process of chemical vapor...

Temperature of the blackbody having a spectral power distribution approximately proportional to the test source at all...

A form of laser output noise that is caused by thermal, mechanical, or acoustical disturbances of the cavity length. Mode...

Laser drift typically refers to a phenomenon where the frequency or wavelength of a laser source gradually changes over...

Simulation of atmospheric turbulence for laboratory experimentation purposes, achieved by creating an unstable vertical...

A solid-state semiconducting structure (basically one of the bolometers) that changes electrical resistance with...

A device used to maintain near-absolute temperatures for experimental procedures.

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

Collisional absorption of energy that occurs in inertial confinement fusion systems when hydrodynamic expansion of the...

Glass that has been specially treated so that it will not shatter when exposed to high temperatures followed by immediate...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a method of achieving nuclear fusion, a process where two atomic nuclei combine to...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

The emissivity of a body times the emissive power of a blackbody at the same temperature. For a blackbody, it is the total...

Variations in signal detected on a bolometer that are caused by instabilities in the temperature of the sky.

Also known as radiation thermometer. A pyrometer in which the radiant intensity from the source to be measured is used to...

A coating having pigments that change color when exposed to heat. This effect has been widely used to monitor hot spots in...

In a thermal imaging system, the change in temperature that yields a signal-to-noise ratio of unity.

The distortion of an object's true image as the result of abnormal atmospheric disturbances along the path traveled by the...

A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...

Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, based on the notion that electrons with opposite momentum and spin...

The formula describing the spectral radiant emittance of a perfect blackbody as a function of its temperature and the...

With respect to a chromaticity diagram, this is the locus of points that represent the chromaticities of blackbodies...

A method for remote measurement of the temperature of moving surfaces in harsh environments by using a laser to stimulate...

An optical system that is designed to produce a high temperature in a specified area by the optical direction and...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

Formulaic compensation to correct laser ranging data for the effects of horizontal refractivity gradients; it requires the...

A device containing two photocells behind deep red and blue filters to measure color temperatures. The amplifier gain is...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...

A filter that serves to alter the color temperature and the mired value of the radiation emitted by a source.

A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...

High-modulus elastic fibers that exhibit the following differences from conventional elastic fibers: Increasing temperature...

A method of designing lasers whereby the laser rod is cut into elliptical discs and cooled by running water over the disc...

An evacuated, double-walled container for storing liquids at low temperatures. Often made of glass, the vessel resembles a...

An instrument used to record infrared images of large areas. The recorded data are used to produce maps in false color...

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

Mode hopping in the context of lasers refers to a phenomenon where a laser system abruptly switches from one longitudinal...

A superconducting bolometer, operating at very low temperatures, that is used to detect infrared radiation.

A fluid used to decrease the temperature rise produced by friction or other causes.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A type of tubing used to protect optical fiber cables, consisting of a wire spiral of aluminum, galvanized steel or...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

The production of an image on a magnetic film that is exposed to infrared radiation and heated to a point above Curie...

The emission of free electrons by a rise in temperature of the cathode alone.

A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...

A thermal source that emits less radiation than a blackbody under identical temperature conditions.

A thermometric instrument used for the detection and measurement of radiant energy. Its essential component is a short...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

The process whereby a blank or disc is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to sag into a mold having a desired...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

The internet of things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects...

A method of cleaning and drying coated optical components. The cooled parts are placed in a container above a boiling...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

The minimum driving current corresponding to lasing threshold at a specified temperature. (Ith).

The cause of some forms of laser injury in which tissue absorbs incident laser light and experiences a damaging rise in...

The induction of an electric field in a semiconductor by an incident laser beam. The technique has rapid response time at...

An instrument used to measure the temperature of a source through the use of photoelectric cells to detect and measure the...

A thermal radiation detector consisting of a small cell with a blackened plastic front face that bulges slightly when heat...

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

A fiber optic preform is a cylindrical glass rod or tube used as the starting material for manufacturing optical fibers. It...

An engine in which work is performed by the expansion of a gas at high temperature; heat for the expansion is supplied...

A thermoplastic, self-extinguishing polymer with excellent high-temperature, low-creep and arc resistance properties.

Interruption in the normal flow of a plasma or fluid characterized by sharp rises in velocity, temperature and pressure. As...

Also known as a gray body; a nonselective radiator is a thermal radiator that has a constant spectral emissivity with...

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

A temperature-controlled container used to stabilize the temperature and resonant frequency of a crystal found in a...

Crystal growth method that resembles static freeze, but that induces growth by removing the ampoule from the furnace so that...

Potential hazards to a system's application and installation, including temperature variations, chemical reactivity,...

A type of fiber optic sensor that detects alteration in position, distance, pressure, liquid level or temperature by...

An erasable data recording and storage medium that uses a laser to heat the crystalline surface of the disc to a certain...

The spectrographic analysis of matter that is in a cooled state. Generally, a mechanical refrigerator is used to lower the...

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...

A temperature radiator whose spectral emissivity at all wavelengths is in constant ratio (less than unity) to that of a...

Formula that describes the thermal equilibrium of gas electrons and ions as a direct function of variations in temperature.

MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...

The science and technology applied to the creation of low temperatures (i.e., approaching absolute zero).

Technology that corrects the shape of reflective optics; primarily applied in large telescope systems, in order to...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

Lens testing equipment refers to a range of specialized tools and instruments used to evaluate the optical performance,...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

Used to detect radiation from the infrared region. The functional process includes absorption of infrared radiation, which...

A phase-modulated sensor is a type of sensor that uses modulation of the phase of a signal to measure changes in a physical...

The maximum to minimum range of temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration and biological conditions under which an optical...

The heat-treating method in which the index of refraction of glass is fixed near or at its maximum value by holding the...

The prevailing temperature in the immediate vicinity of the object; the temperature of its environment.

A specific type of storage in which the material to be written on is heated above its transition temperature and switched in...

A method of producing disks for erasable optical data storage. Information is recorded by a laser beam that generates pits...

An instrument that uses a blackened silver-disc reflector with a shutter to create temperature fluctuations that are...

GaN (Gallium Nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

A device composed of dissimilar metals that, when welded together, develop a small voltage dependent upon the relative...

Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...

The plot that expresses a reaction rate vs. the reciprocal of absolute temperature. Often used to describe the thermal...

A thermogram in which temperature values are displayed in discrete thermal bands, each band possessing a distinct color.

A light source that does not fluctuate despite temperature changes.

A high-frequency pulse-rate laser with an output limited by the heat capacity of the laser medium. Instead of having...

An approximated measure of the smallest change in color temperature detectable by the human eye, defined as the reciprocal...

Equipment that supports microscopic live-cell imaging by managing the gas, media perfusion, temperature and other factors to...

Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...

An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...

Any problem that requires retrieval of the distribution of some internal properties, such as temperature concentration,...

A process for the production of optical fibers. A glass bait is rotated in a traversing flame of a reaction burner....

An adhesive whose viscosity decreases as the temperature is increased to a limit. Canada balsam, resin and pitch are...

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...

A light source made up of silicon carbide or carborundum. It is resistant to the negative temperature coefficient and...

A method of synthesis for crystals such as KTP. The process involves the use of a high-temperature solution called flux to...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

A calorimetric calculation from which the temperature vs. time dependence of any point on a sample can be determined,...

A cooling system used to attain and maintain desired low temperatures in infrared systems. The Stirling type is a mechanical...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

The process of subjecting glass to temperature cycling to produce physico-chemical reactions that alter its properties....

Location on the CIE chromaticity diagram which produces the color white for a given light source at a specified temperature.

A permanent, transparent, and highly transmissive adhesive capable of withstanding extreme temperatures that is applied to...

Also known as analog thermogram. The resultant photograph, illustrating, in tones ranging from black to white, the spatial...

The process by which a vitreous or amorphous substance forms a crystal structure at a specified temperature.

A process used in pyrometry and photothermometry to create a photographic record of a surface's temperature gradients....

Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...

Heat loss determined by the sum of rising and falling slopes at a constant temperature.

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

Motion of a fiber into and out of the ferrule. This effect is often caused by changes in temperature.

A process and method by which manipulation and orientation of a given number of directed laser beams decreases the motion of...

Ferroelectric materials are a type of dielectric materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they...

Approximation of a system of thermal equilibrium formed by the distribution of the kinetic energies of electrons in a gas...

A computer-generated routine for achieving true-temperature readings in thermal infrared imaging systems.

The steady state of temperature exhibited by a material that has absorbed and emitted radiation equally.

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

Fusion ignition refers to the point in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction where the energy released by the fusion...

A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

The deformation of a material at high levels of stress, often associated with elevated temperatures.

A method of measuring total hemispherical emissivity of the plane surface of a solid that consists of thermally isolating a...

The measurement of heat energy as determined from absolute zero as the zero point on the scale. Increments are identical to...

SI unit of luminous intensity. It is defined as one sixtieth the normal intensity of one square centimeter of a blackbody at...

The elimination of magnetic moments and decrease in magnetic susceptibility with a decrease in temperature due to the equal...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

Modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a technique used in the fabrication of optical fibers. It is a specialized form...

The condition in which there are more atomic systems in the upper of two energy levels than in the lower, so stimulated...

Unlike the thermocouple or bolometer, the pyroelectric infrared detector is a current source with an output proportional to...

A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...

The emission of light by thermal radiation of a temperature high enough to render the source of radiation visible.

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

A term describing an antireflection coating that may be applied to optics that cannot tolerate the high temperatures usually...

Small clefts or fissures that penetrate the glass surface in the form of short-hooked crescents. Fire cracks result from a...

A cryogenically cooled component incorporated into the Dewar of an infrared detector assembly to maintain the sensing...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

The temperature of a complete radiator that has a total radiant emittance identical to that of an unknown resource.

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....

In a thermal imaging system, the smallest change in blackbody equivalent temperature that can be detected clearly by the...

The temperature at which the solid phase of a material is in equilibrium with the liquid phase, or when the material changes...

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...

A photocathode that exhibits maximum sensitivity in the blue and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. The sensitivity is...

The permanent uniting of two glass pieces by high-temperature heating.

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

The use of high temperatures, between 2000 and 3000 °C, to excite emission lines from a sample in spectroscopic...

The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...

A colorimetric concept related to the apparent visual color of a source (not its temperature). For a blackbody, the color...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

The ability of an electrical current to destroy superconductivity by means of the magnetic field generated by the current....

A technique for detecting free radicals by their electronic spectra. The material to be studied is placed in a...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

The measurement of surface temperature by a thermograph that forms a pattern of the heat radiated by the surface on a...

Epitaxial equipment refers to a set of specialized tools and systems used in the process of epitaxy, which is the growth of...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

An infrared detector that achieves a specified sensitivity through the application of certain cryogenic temperatures.

A laser using a dye solution as its active medium. Its output is a short pulse of broad spectral content and its achievable...

Heat measurement method in which the sample is made part of the interferometer and the temperature increase is determined by...