A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain life. Metabolites can include a wide variety of molecules, such as sugars, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides,...

Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...

An acid used to etch the surfaces of particular materials. For glass, hydrofluoric acid is used either as a liquid or a...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

Substances that exhibit the characteristics of both acids and bases and are capable of both P- and N-type conductivity.

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...