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InP Dictionary Terms

deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
indium
Metal used in components of the crystalline semiconductor alloys indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), indium gallium arsenide...
disc calorimeter
A device that provides simple and reliable laser power and energy measurement. Essentially a heat flux sensor producing an...
Fresnel reflection loss
Reflection losses incurred at input and output of optical elements because of the difference in refractive index between...
differential quantum efficiency
The slope of the curve when output is plotted against input for quantum efficiency in a device.
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
beam shaper
A beam shaper is an optical device or system designed to modify the spatial profile or intensity distribution of a laser or...
virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...
indium phosphide
Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...
neuromorphic vision sensor
A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...
neural network
A computing paradigm that attempts to process information in a manner similar to that of the brain; it differs from...
decision-theoretic character recognition
An approach to optical character recognition based on matching the input character against a set of stored prototypes.
passive-matrix OLED display
An OLED display formed by creating an array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and cathode conductors arranged...
cathode coupling
In electronics, the coupling of power from stage to stage by the use of an input or output element in the cathode.
decision-tree classification
A structural method of optical character recognition, used where the input media are variable, as in hand-written or...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
sine condition
First stated by Abbe, condition states that the ratio of input and output angles, from object point to image point, for two...
optical bistability
The phenomenon that can render an optical resonator the equivalent of a semiconductor flip-flop. A bistable device will...
automatic gain control
A method of producing an essentially constant output signal from an electronic circuit despite variations in the strength of...
acceptance pattern
A curve expressing an optical fiber's total transmitted power as a function of its launch angle at the input.
principal plane
In a lens or lens system, that surface at which the projections of an entering and exiting ray intersect. Also known as the...
quantizer
A device with a limited number of possible output values (sometimes able to be selected) that can translate an incoming...
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
x-ray image intensifier
An image intensifier that consists of an evacuated tube with a large input phosphor screen at one end. The phosphor screen...
sensitivity
In a radiation detector, the ratio of the output to the input signal.
wafer tube
An image intensifier tube in which the photocathode and the output of the microchannel plate are proximity-focused on the...
fluoroscopic image intensifier
A form of image intensifier designed to amplify a weak fluoroscopic image. The image is received at an input phosphor...
microchannel spatial light modulator
A device to modulate spatially a collimated coherent beam of light with input data in optical data processing. It uses a...
Peltier cooler
A Peltier cooler, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) or thermoelectric module, is a solid-state device that uses...
driving current
The minimum electrical current input needed to initiate lasing.
accelerometer
An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...
light source power
The electrical power used to stimulate any light source. Power supplies may be step-up or step-down transformers; rectifiers...
optical fiber optic switches
Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...
transducer
A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...
source efficiency
The ratio of emitted optical power of a source to the input electrical power.
aerial survey
The creation of a planned sequence of data input that is obtained while airborne for use in aerial photogrammetry and other...
optical time-domain reflectometry
A method for characterizing a fiber wherein an optical pulse is transmitted through the fiber, and the resulting light...
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
linear amplifier
Amplifier in which the input and output pulse heights are directly proportional.
microring resonator
A microring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
photostore
The photographic recording of data, in binary form, for storage in memory. Exposure is achieved by a cathode-ray tube or by...
matrix-controlled display
A display that is formed in an X-Y manner; i.e., two inputs allow control of X2 elements.
efficiency
As applied to a device or machine, the ratio of total power input to the usable power output of the device.
smart pixel array
An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...
section converter
An arrangement of optical fibers in a bundle whereby the geometric configuration of the input end differs from that of the...
transfer function
The complex function, H(f), equal to the ratio of the output to input of the device as a function of frequency. The...
feedback control system
A system designed to control the output quantity of a device by returning a portion of its output signal to its input. This...
laser diode module
A laser diode module is a compact device that incorporates a laser diode, optics, and often other components into a single...
photographic sound recorder
A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and...
optical barcode reader
An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...
photoelectric reader
An input device for a computer that detects and reads the data, in the form of punched holes in cards, by light that is...
randomized fiber optic cable
Fiber optic cable in which the arrangement of fibers within the bundle has been made random so that output light will be...
nonlinear optics
Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...
lookup table
In image processing, the memory that stores the values for the point processes. Input pixel values are those for the...
contrast improvement
One area of image enhancement, accomplished by spatial filtering schemes, that usually involves attenuation of phase changes...
fiber optic taper
A coherent fiber optic bundle made from fibers whose diameter changes gradually along its length. Used to magnify or reduce...
adaptive deconvolution
The process of adjusting input pixel by pixel at the filter plane to adapt to nondeal phase behavior in an optical...
optical switching
Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...
cutback technique
A technique for measuring fiber attenuation or distortion by performing two transmission measurements. One is at the output...
optical character reader
A photosensitive device used to optically scan and read character data (numbers, letters etc.) and input this data into a...
lock-in amplifier
A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...
erbium-doped fiber amplifier
An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
optical multimeter
An instrument that measures several optical parameters, such as optical power and wavelength, with a single measurement...
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...
nonlinear optical processing
Derivative of the half-tone screen process involving the fabrication of a binary pulse-width modulated copy of the...
log converter
A device designed to convert linear change in the light state at input to log data at output.
laser velocimeter
A system that uses a continuous-wave laser to measure the velocity of an object by focusing the laser beam on the object,...
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
advanced driver assistance systems
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...
fiber optic field flattener
A plate consisting of fused optical fibers with both surfaces ground and polished, and having the entrance surface curved to...
boxcar averager
An instrument for detecting and analyzing repetitive signals. Using a fixed time delay or "gate," the input signal...
modulator crystal
A nonlinear crystal used to modulate a polarized beam of light by means of the Pockels effect. A Pockels cell is used as a...
bandgap
In semiconductor physics, the term bandgap refers to the energy range in a material where no electronic states are allowed....
low-loss fiber
Optical fiber that transmits a greater percentage of input light than does high-loss step-index fiber. Low-loss fiber...
second-harmonic generation
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...
erosion
In image processing, a morphology operator in which a structuring element or probe of a particular shape is moved over the...
star coupler
A passive coupler that distributes signals from one or several inputs among a larger number of output waveguides arranged...
degradation
The gradual decrease over time in output signal with constant input light level.
mass spectrometer
A device used to measure the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. It utilizes the Lorentz force...
infrared signal generator
A device that combines electronic and optical techniques to form a monitored infrared signal between 1 and 14 µm. It...
feedback
The transfer of a part of a device's or circuit's output back to its input.
optoisolator
An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...
servomechanism
A closed-loop system that is constantly adjusted in response to input signals generated within the system.
MEMS fiber optic switch
A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
feedback amplifier
An amplifying device that returns a portion of its output to its input as a means of modifying the device's performance.
digital filter
A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series...
optical character recognition
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology that is used to convert printed or handwritten text into...
linear element
A device for which the output electric field is linearly proportional to the input electric field, and no new wavelengths or...
optical correlator
A device incorporating a spatial light modulator and a reference filter; used for matching an input optical waveform or...
III-V material
In semiconductor physics and materials science, the term "III-V materials" refers to compounds composed of elements from...
cone
1. A solid figure whose base is a circle and whose sides taper upward evenly to a point or apex. Light rays diverging from...
power efficiency
The ratio of emitted power to input power.
light amplifier
A device that serves to emit light of the same wavelength as the input light, only with an increase in intensity. It may be...
cascade image tube
An image tube that functions in low-light-level conditions by virtue of its series of stacked sections wherein the output of...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
convolutional neural network
A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...
double-layer light amplifier
A device used to create a light output that exceeds light input, the energy being provided by an electric field. It consists...
fan-in
The simultaneous collection of two or more signals at a single location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of...
electro-optic modulator
An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...
motion controller
In optics, a motion controller refers to a device or system that precisely controls the movement of optical components, such...
card reader
A system that generally uses a photodetector to decode punched cards for information, or for input to a computer, by sensing...
circulator
A passive device, having three or more ports, in which input light from one port is coupled only to the next sequential port...
launch angle
The angle between the light input propagation vector and the optical axis of an optical fiber or fiber bundle.
dilation
In image processing, a morphology operator in which a structuring element or probe of a particular shape is moved over the...
photodarlington
A Darlington current amplifier consisting of two separate transistors, of which a phototransistor is the input device.
Matrix optics
The linear relationship between input and output optical fields for a given optical system or application that allows the...
mapping function
In image processing, the mathematical relationships that link pixel brightnesses of input images to those of output images...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
luminous efficacy
Quotient of total luminous flux divided by total radiant flux; lumens per watt. (For a source, quotient of total luminous...
linear positioning stage
A linear positioning stage, also known as a linear stage or translation stage, is a precision mechanical device used to...
machine learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...
input/output
I/O stands for input/output. In computing, it refers to the communication between a computer system or program and its...
linear optics
Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...
gamma
A numerical value representing the degree of contrast in a television picture: the exponent of the power law used to...

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