A method of spectral analysis in which some property of the sample is varied and the corresponding change is measured. The change is induced by a repetitive perturbation such as an electric field, heat pulse or stress. See also electromodulation...

Seidel aberrations refer to a set of monochromatic aberrations in optical systems, named after the German mathematician and...

A pulsed laser that emits a recurring pulsed output. Frequency of the pulses emitted is known as pulsed recurrence frequency...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

The series of equally spaced parallel slits that make up a scanning aperture in place of a single slit, in the scanning of a...

Mode-locking is a technique used in lasers to produce ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of picoseconds,...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

A paraboloidal surface on which the image is located when there is no astigmatism.

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

The grinding and polishing of rock samples, to a thickness of less than 0.05 mm, for study with petrographic microscopes....

A laser warning and countermeasure system containing a sensor that indicates the direction of a laser beam, and analytical...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

A laser that emits energy in a series of short bursts or pulses and that remains inactive between each burst or pulse. The...

1. In relation to cathode-ray tube displays, errors in the signal's amplitude, phase or both that result in small, rapid...

A type of laser spectroscopy used to measure short-lived isotopes by observing sudden bursts of fluorescence resulting from...

A dye laser cell configuration in which the dye flows in the direction of the axis of the laser, yielding symmetrical energy...

With a repetitive object such as a series of equispaced lines, the reciprocal of the line spacing in object or image,...

A system in which a supplied signal causes the deflection of the electron beam in a cathode-ray tube, thus forming a visible...

A scanning probe microscope that analyzes the surface of a specimen by recording the intensity of light as it is focused...

An instrument for detecting and analyzing repetitive signals. Using a fixed time delay or "gate," the input signal...

Also duty factor, duty ratio. The product of the pulse duration and the pulse repetition frequency of a wave composed of...

In a pulsed laser, the pulse energy in joules times the repetition rate in hertz.

A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...

The number of fields scanned per second in a television system. The US standard is 60. Also called field frequency.

Machinery used to grind and finish a component, such as a lens or prism, to a desired precision. Usually such machines carry...

A laser that generates a succession of pulses at a high enough repetition rate to appear continuous. The pump source is...

The study of and classification of rocks.

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

A technique that combines two or more imaging processes in order to minimize the disadvantages within each of the...

A microscope equipped with a polarizer, an analyzer and a Bertrand lens to focus on the upper focal plane of the objective....

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

A high-speed, narrow-field lens consisting of two achromats spaced about the aperture stop. Its uses include portrait...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...

An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...

In the SI system, prefix meaning 1015.

Number of pulses emitted per unit of time by a pulsed laser.

Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...