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Waveguide Dictionary Terms

marcuse loss theory
A theoretical analysis of radiation loss from planar optical waveguides due to scattering by surface irregularities/surface roughness of the walls of the waveguide.
single-mode waveguide (or fiber)
An optical waveguide in which only the lowest order bound mode, which may consist of a pair of orthogonally polarized...
optical combiner
An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...
radio-frequency linear accelerator
A device used to accelerate the electrons in a free-electron laser by channeling microwave energy into waveguide cavity...
waveguide
A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...
guided ray
In an optical waveguide, a ray that is completely confined to the core.
far-infrared laser
A laser with output over a wide range of wavelengths spanning the far-infrared region of the spectrum (30 to 1000 µm);...
integrated optics
A thin-film device containing miniature optical components connected via optical waveguides on a transparent dielectric...
soliton
Any isolated wave that propagates without dispersion of energy. Specifically to photonics, an ultrashort pulse of laser...
multimode optical waveguide
An optical waveguide that will allow more than one bound mode to propagate.
plasmonics
Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...
guided mode
In an optical waveguide, a mode whose field decays monotonically in the transverse direction everywhere external to the core...
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
planar access coupler
Low-insertion-loss fiber coupler fabricated from a sheet of light-sensitive material laminated onto a fused quartz substrate...
optical repeater
In an optical fiber or waveguide communications system, an optoelectronic device or module that receives an optical signal,...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
surface wave
A wave that is guided by the interface between two different media or by a refractive index gradient in the medium. The...
thin-film waveguide
A transparent dielectric film, bounded by material of a lower index of refraction, capable of guiding light.
equilibrium mode distribution
The condition in a multimode optical waveguide in which the relative power distribution among the propagating modes is...
intramodal distortion
That distortion resulting from dispersion of the group velocity of a propagating mode. It is the only distortion occurring...
far-field diffraction pattern
The diffraction pattern of a source such as a light-emitting diode, injection laser diode or the output end of an optical...
ducting
Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Earth's atmosphere in a path that conforms to the curvature of the Earth...
optical waveguide
Any structure having the ability to guide the flow of radiant energy along a path parallel to its axis and to contain the...
index profile
In an optical waveguide, the refractive index as a function of radius.
waveguide nonreciprocal device
A device that consists of two types of mode converters, one of which must be magnetic. It is nonreciprocal because the...
profile dispersion
In an optical waveguide, that dispersion attributable to the variation of refractive index profile with wavelength. The...
radiation mode
A mode in an optical waveguide whose fields are transversely oscillatory everywhere external to the waveguide. It exists...
bore
The central hole running the full length of a laser capillary tube, in which electrical discharge and laser action take...
lateral offset loss
A power loss caused by transverse or lateral deviation from optimum alignment of source to optical waveguide, waveguide to...
prism coupler
An instrument that measures the angle at which a prism can couple laser light into an optical waveguide; used to determine...
fundamental mode
The lowest order mode of a waveguide. In fibers, the mode designated LP01 or HE11.
optical blank
A casting consisting of an optical material molded into the desired geometry for grinding, polishing or, in the case of...
double-crucible method
A method of fabricating an optical waveguide by melting the core and clad glasses in two suitably joined concentric...
coupler
1. In color development, the chemical that combines with certain by-products of the development procedure to form a dye. 2....
optical waveguide termination
A configuration or device mounted at the end of a fiber or cable that is intended to prevent reflection.
leaky ray
In an optical waveguide, a ray for which geometric optics would predict total internal reflection at the core boundary, but...
electro-optic modulator
An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...
plastic-clad silica fiber
An optical waveguide having a silica core and a plastic cladding.
hollow waveguide
An infrared-transmitting optical fiber with a hollow core; it can be square, round or rectangular in cross section. Capable...
sapphire
Sapphire refers to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that is used in various optical and photonic applications...
nanophotonics
Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...
dielectric cylindrical waveguide
A waveguide made up of a dielectric material, such as plastic or mica, in a cylindrical form, through which the waves travel.
star coupler
A passive coupler that distributes signals from one or several inputs among a larger number of output waveguides arranged...
launch numerical aperture
The numerical aperture of an optical system used to couple (launch) power into an optical waveguide.
primary coating
In a waveguide, the material in intimate contact with the cladding surface, applied to preserve the integrity of that...
leaky mode
In an optical waveguide, a mode whose field decays monotonically for a finite distance in the transverse direction but which...
H-plane bend
With respect to waveguides, the continuous change in the direction of the axis of the wavelength, during which the axis is...
axial propagation constant
The propagation constant evaluated along the axis of a waveguide, that is, in the direction of transmission. Also called...
mode volume
The number of bound modes that an optical waveguide is capable of supporting.
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
parallel-plate waveguide
A pair of waveguides with axes normal to the plane and that guide uniform cylindrical waves.
preform
A glass structure from which an optical fiber waveguide may be drawn.
mode
1. The characteristic of how light propagates through a waveguide that can be designated by a radiation pattern in a plane...
electronically controlled coupling
The use of an electric field or signal to couple a lightwave from one dielectric waveguide into another dielectric waveguide.
macrobend loss
In an optical waveguide, that loss attributable to macrobending. Macrobending usually causes little or no radiative loss.
dispersion-limited operation
Operation in which the dispersion of a pulse limits the distance between repeaters in optical systems. Waveguide and...
ion exchange technique
A method of fabricating a graded-index optical waveguide by means of an ion exchange process.
E-bend
In a waveguide, a change in direction of the axis without deviating from the plane of polarization.
feeder
A waveguide or coaxial cable that transmits a signal from an antenna to a receiver or from a transmitter to an antenna.
multiplexing
The combination of two or more signals for transmission along a single wire, path or carrier. In most optical communication...
antiguide
A waveguide that has a core with a lower refractive index than the refractive index of the cladding. This structure can...
nonlinear scattering
Direct conversion of a photon from one wavelength to a lower energy photon of another wavelength(s) due to inelastic...
normalized frequency
Also referred to as the V number in fiber optics; the normalized frequency is a dimensionless quantity, denoted by the...
equilibrium length
The length of optical waveguide needed to attain equilibrium mode distribution for a specified excitation condition.
waveguide scattering
Scattering (other than material scattering) that is attributable to variations of geometry and index profile of the...
hair-trigger operation
Triggering a laser at a predetermined time by pumping it to a level just below its threshold and then using an auxiliary...
integrated photonics
Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...
slab-dielectric waveguide
A waveguide with a rectangular cross section that is composed entirely of dielectric materials.
broadband filter
A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...
phase velocity
For a particular mode in a waveguide, the ratio of the angular frequency to constant phase.
micro-ring resonator
A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
refracted ray
A light ray that has had its direction altered because of its traversing an air-to-glass interface at some angle. In an...
tapered waveguide
A waveguide having a characteristic that is altered continuously with the distance traveled, relative to the axis of its...
angular misalignment
Angular deviation from the optimum alignment of source to optical waveguide, waveguide to waveguide, or waveguide to...
end-fire coupling
End-fire coupling refers to a method of coupling energy into or out of a waveguide, transmission line, or antenna, where the...
monomode optical waveguide
 photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
mode coupling
In an optical waveguide, the exchange of power/energy among modes.
splice
A permanent joint whose purpose is to couple optical power among two or more ports. Also, a device whose purpose is to...
multimode distortion
In an optical waveguide,- typically a multimode fiber - the distortion resulting from differential mode delay, i.e. axial...
zero-dispersion wavelength
In a single-mode optical fiber, the wavelength that causes material dispersion and waveguide dispersion to cancel each...
waveguide laser
Gas laser in which the tube acts as a channel for the laser beam.
optical waveguide preform
photonic integrated circuit
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...
waveguide dispersion
For each mode in an optical waveguide, the term used to describe the process by which an electromagnetic signal is distorted...

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