A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, microwaves, or light waves. It is commonly used in communication systems, radar systems, and other applications where the...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

A group of frequencies or wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum which exhibits resonance or energy contributions near...

GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...

An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

Electromagnetic energy that is capable of producing photochemical activity.

Electromagnetic radiation present upon the open aperture of the source within an operating environment.

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

A quantum of electromagnetic energy of a single mode; i.e., a single wavelength, direction and polarization. As a unit of...

Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...

The region of the electromagnetic spectrum from 280 to 320 nm.

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

The spontaneous emittance of electromagnetic radiation by the nucleus of certain radioactive elements during their quantum...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, based on the notion that electrons with opposite momentum and spin...

A corner cube, also known as a corner reflector or retroreflector prism, is a type of optical device used to reflect light...

In micropositioning, a remote positioning device in which an electric current drives a movable armature mounted on an...

The region of the electromagnetic spectrum from 320 to 400 nm.

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is the 400- to 700-nm region (visible light) of the electromagnetic spectrum that...

In the context of optics and lasers, a transverse mode refers to a specific spatial pattern of the electric field within the...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

An electron lens consisting of a homogeneous axial electric field and a magnetic field used in high-quality image tubes for...

An acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Predecessor to the laser, the maser or...

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

Interaction of a magnetic field with a photoconductive substance exposed to light to create a potential difference.

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

Any organic substance, that when dissolved in appropriate liquid based solvents will absorb and emit electromagnetic...

An electron tube that employs electromagnetic radiation to produce a visual replica of an image produced on its cathode....

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

The distribution of electromagnetic fields in a given area. The units are volts per meter, watts per meter squared and...

A measurement device used to study the structure of matter using the diffraction of electromagnetic radiation.

Indium phosphide (InP) is a compound semiconductor material composed of indium (In) and phosphorus (P). It belongs to the...

Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...

1.) Generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet at 40 nm to...

A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...

Germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) refers to a specific range of UV radiation that has disinfectant properties capable of killing...

That point in the electromagnetic spectrum at which an optical system focuses the most chemically effective rays.

A term denoting the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field associated with an electromagnetic wave when describing...

Scalar diffraction theory is a simplified approach used to describe the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly...

Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...

The instrument used to analyze a pulsed electromagnetic wave to determine its time, amplitude, duration and shape, and to...

Azimuthal polarization refers to a specific polarization state of light where the electric field vector of the...

The present radiation level within a laser or electromagnetic radiation operating area.

A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...

An electromagnetic wave lying within the region of the frequency spectrum that is between about 1000 MHz (1 GHz) and 100,000...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

In optics, "mode beating" refers to an interference phenomenon that can occur in laser systems with multiple longitudinal...

An instrument designed to collect naturally formed extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency...

Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm. In photonic applications...

That region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the retina is sensitive and by which the eye sees. It extends from...

An electromagnetic device used to separate isotopes of elements based on their respective masses.

Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...

Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...

High harmonic generation (HHG) refers to a nonlinear optical process in which intense laser light interacts with a gaseous...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

All formulas that present the index of refraction as a function of a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. Also called...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...

A fundamental law of quantum theory which states that the discrete quanta of energy transfers associated with...

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

Radiation emitted from vibrating charged particles. A combination of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields that...

Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...

The electric field associated with an electromagnetic wave and thus with a lightwave. The electric vector specifies the...

A mechanical or electrical-electromagnetic device for periodically interrupting or blocking abeam of light for a brief known...

In considering a field of electromagnetic energy emanating from a source, the wavefront is a surface connecting all field...

Electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by an electron as it is accelerated or decelerated while moving through the...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...

In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...

A light-tight box that receives light from an object or scene and focuses it to form an image on a light-sensitive material...

Devices in which the lasing medium is a vapor of metal atoms or ions, sometimes mixed with another gas. Metal vapor lasers...

A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...

A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...

An artificial material, engineered to have a negative refractive index value, such that light or any other form of...

A wave in the electromagnetic spectrum that has both electrical and magnetic field vectors in the direction of propagation.

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

The total range of wavelengths, extending from the shortest to the longest wavelength or conversely, that can be generated...

A thin layer of metal deposited on the surface of a substrate. The film may serve as a reflector, beamsplitter, neutral...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

1. A bundle of light rays that may be parallel, converging or diverging. 2. A concentrated, unidirectional stream of...

Waves that propagate along the interface between two different media without radiation with exponentially decaying...

An optical clock is a highly precise and advanced timekeeping device that relies on the oscillations of electromagnetic...

An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...

An image intensifier tube that uses a magnetic field for focusing. It yields high-quality images, but its use is limited by...

Magneto-optics refers to the study and manipulation of the interaction between magnetic fields and light (electromagnetic...

A device that measures the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave.

Broadband dielectric mirrors, also known as broadband mirrors, are optical coatings designed to efficiently reflect or...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

The ability of a device to operate without electromagnetically interfering with the operation of nearby equipment and...

The study of the generation of electromagnetic power by radiation from high-energy beams.

A GaAlAs laser is a type of semiconductor laser diode that emits light in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic...

For an electromagnetic field mode varying sinusoidally with time at a given frequency, the logarithmic rate of change, with...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...

An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...

Electromagnetic energy is transmitted in the form of a sinusoidal wave. The wavelength is the physical distance covered by...

Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...

A near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection...

The exact mathematical description of the interactions of matter and intense electromagnetic fields, such as those that...

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

Propagation of electromagnetic waves through the Earth's atmosphere in a path that conforms to the curvature of the Earth...

A wave that is guided by the interface between two different media or by a refractive index gradient in the medium. The...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

A spectroradiometer is a device used to measure the intensity of light at different wavelengths across the electromagnetic...

The energy passed on as electromagnetic radiation; e.g., radio, heat or light waves.

Any substance or space through which electromagnetic radiation can travel.

A method of coding information in a communications system where the shift in the phase of an electromagnetic wave represents...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...

The theory of propagation of energy by combined electric and magnetic fields included in Maxwell's equations.

Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

The interaction of charged particles and electromagnetic fields.

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

An amplifying device with a wide tuning range in which an electron gun sends a beam of electrons into a slow-wave structure....

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

The transfer of energy from an incident electromagnetic energy field with wavelength or frequency to an atomic or molecular...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation, with the contributions at all wavelengths of interest weighted equally.

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

1. A piece of glass with plane parallel surfaces used to admit light into an optical system and to exclude dirt and...

An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

An optical fiber's absorption of electromagnetic waves due to hydroxyl ions remaining after contact with water.

Any of the many devices used to detect the presence of radiation from a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...

A flowmeter is a device used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a fluid passing through a particular point in a system....

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

With reference to electromagnetic radiation, the number of crests of waves that pass a fixed point in a given unit of time,...

An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...

A multiline laser system refers to a type of laser that is capable of emitting multiple discrete wavelengths or spectral...

That radiation characterized by wavelengths ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 µm in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by free electrons, whereby the incident radiation and the scattered radiation are of...

The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...

A sapphire window refers to a transparent optical component made from sapphire crystal. Sapphire is a single-crystal form of...

Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation as perceived by the eye; that is, with the contributions as wavelengths in the...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

A substance that increases a material's sensitivity to electromagnetic irradiation. In photodynamic therapy, a drug used to...

The selective absorption of electromagnetic waves by a liquid made up of molecules with permanent dipole movement.

A spectrograph used to detect radiation in the range of the ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is made up of...

A crystal consisting of a substance that has the ability to become electrically polarized and has strong piezoelectric...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

An atomic clock is a highly precise timekeeping device that uses the vibrations or oscillations of atoms as a reference for...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

For each mode in an optical waveguide, the term used to describe the process by which an electromagnetic signal is distorted...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

In optics and photonics, "phase" refers to a property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the position...

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies between 300 GHz and 10 THz, and existing between regions of the electromagnetic...

A spectrophotometer designed for use in the 200- to 380-nm range of the electromagnetic spectrum and equipped with a...

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

The radio waves of the electromagnetic spectrum that have frequencies of up to 10,000 megacycles per second.

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

An instrument that uses electromagnetic fields to sort out the relative masses of atoms and molecules.The same way an...

1. An undulation or vibration; a form of movement by which all radiant energy of the electromagnetic spectrum is estimated...

A device that uses electromagnetic fields to separate electrically charged particles according to their masses. As a beam of...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

Wave of radiation identified by individual fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields.

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

End-fire coupling refers to a method of coupling energy into or out of a waveguide, transmission line, or antenna, where the...

Phase shift in electromagnetic signals caused by daily variations in the ionosphere, often during sunrise or sunset.

An angstrom, symbolized by the Ångström or Å, is a unit of length used to express atomic and molecular...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

The detection and analysis of naturally formed extraterrestrial electromagnetic radiation within the radio frequency range...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....