Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication, and utilization of artificial structures called metasurfaces to control and manipulate light at the nanoscale level. Unlike...

A small object that behaves as a whole unit or entity in terms of it's transport and it's properties, as opposed to an...

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...

Very small phosphor particles present on the screen of a picture tube.

1. An instrument used to measure the opacity or density of dyes, pigments or dispersed particles that form an image in or on...

A vapor-phase oxidation process for fabricating graded-index optical fibers. It differs from outside vapor phase deposition...

A device used to measure the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. It utilizes the Lorentz force...

The movement of particles or ions in a solution toward the electrode having the opposite sign because of the application of...

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...

A photon jet is a narrow, highly collimated beam of light that is formed when light interacts with small dielectric...

The Lorentz oscillator model is a theoretical model used in physics to describe the response of a charged particle (such as...

A technique for polishing silicon in which an alkaline suspension containing silicon dioxide particles creates a soft layer...

A device used in the sputtering of thin films, in which a magnet system on the back of the cathode deflects the electrons,...

Ultrasound used in the cleaning of metal and optical parts by virtue of its vibration rates. Large acoustic forces break off...

An isotope of cesium that emits negative beta particles and has a half-life of 2.19 years; its applications include...

A method that produces low-loss optical fibers. A glass tube rotates while reactants pass through the tube and heat is...

Sputtering equipment is machinery used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A system consisting of two or more Geiger-Müller counters, connected in coincidence with their centers on an axis. The only...

1. The process of aligning the optical axes of optical systems to the reference mechanical axes or surfaces of an...

An observed effect of the ability of certain atomic particles to pass through a barrier that they cannot pass over because...

Directed energy refers to a type of energy that is emitted and transferred in a controlled direction. The term is often...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

A plasma accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that uses electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate charged...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...

Plasmon ion-assisted deposition (PIAD) is a technique used in thin-film deposition processes, particularly in the production...

The use of atoms, molecules and molecular-scale structures to enhance existing technology and develop new materials and...

An SI prefix meaning one billionth (10-9). Nano can also be used to indicate the study of atoms, molecules and other...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a...

The position and shape of the image of a point source, as predicted by geometric optics alone. The geometric image is to be...

The effect by which sufficiently small particles will scatter blue light at right angles to the incident beam. This...

A beam instability, induced by index of refraction inhomogeneities and component damage of dirt and dust particles, that...

The broadening of spectral lines due to the collision of radiating particles with one another and the resulting interruption...

A device that uses electromagnetic fields to separate electrically charged particles according to their masses. As a beam of...

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a type of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that uses a high-power...

The Casimir force is a quantum phenomenon that results in an attractive force between two closely spaced uncharged...

The behavior of microscopic solid particles suspended in a fluid, first observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827 as a...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...

An instrument that is used to detect high-energy particles by the pulse of the current formed when a particle passes through...

Luminescence produced by the bombardment of radiant energy such as x-rays, radioactive waves or alpha particles.

Laser sintering is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that involves using a laser to selectively fuse...

A frame taken with a CCD camera of a surface that is evenly illuminated by diffuse light. This frame shows irregularities in...

Term applied to radiation composed of particles or photons that will not easily penetrate a material because of their low...

Scattering caused by the interaction between ingoing and outgoing particles of the same type, with no loss of kinetic energy.

In physics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum transferred from one particle to another during particle collision...

A device that uses four electrodes set in an alternating positive-negative polarity series to focus the beams of charged...

The action of a biological system responding to a single or multiple coherent particles of light produced from a laser...

The photographic recording of gas bubbles produced when particles traverse liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber.

One surface of a nonconducting plate that is coated with many minute particles of photoemissive material that are insulated...

The gas of charged particles that begins approximately 50 km above the surface of the Earth and contains a sufficient...

The term quantum refers to the fundamental unit or discrete amount of a physical quantity involved in interactions at the...

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

A whole-flow-field technique providing instantaneous velocity vector measurements in a cross-section of a flow that is...

The attraction of particles suspended in a solution to a cathode, as a result of an electric field.

Fluence is a term used in various scientific and technical disciplines to describe the amount of something per unit area....

A photovoltaic cell, commonly known as a solar cell, is a semiconductor device that directly converts light energy into...

The value of the expanse of b-particles in an absorber, evaluated by visual examination of breaks in the absorption curve.

Interruption in the normal flow of a plasma or fluid characterized by sharp rises in velocity, temperature and pressure. As...

A cloud chamber designed to maintain the gas within it at a high pressure as a means of reducing the range of the...

Radiation emitted from vibrating charged particles. A combination of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields that...

The splitting or shifting of spectral lines or energy levels caused by the application of a strong transverse electrical...

The line or lines emitted by an element when its radiation particles travel from one energy level to another.

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

1. The variation in intensity of a light beam as it travels through the atmosphere. 2. In radiation physics, a light flash...

An analytical technique used to determine, identify and localize impending malfunctions. It is based upon quantitative and...

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are substances or compounds used to enhance the thermal conductivity between two surfaces...

A sputtering target is a solid material used in the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD), specifically sputtering....

A material consisting of very small colorless particles imbedded in a clear glass matrix. It is available in two forms:...

A solution containing colloidal silica particles.

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

A scanning laser radar system applied to transmission and concentration analysis in three dimensions of clouds as well as...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Spectroscopy used to study the concentration, diffusion and Brownian motion of small particles suspended in a fluid by...

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

The generic term describing the class of light particles having no strong interactions.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

The process whereby a quantum mechanical system alters from one energy level to another. During this process, energy is...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller...

The radiation emitted from a group of charged particles that does not depend on the temperature of the source in which those...

An arranged series of coils, magnets or electromagnets disposed in such a way that the resulting magnetic fields generate a...

An instrument used to detect radioactive materials: alpha particles or helium nuclei; beta particles or free electrons; and...

A two-phase system consisting of dispersed liquid or solid particles in a gas; examples include dust, smoke and clouds.

Inertial fusion energy (IFE) refers to a proposed method of generating electricity by harnessing the energy released from...

The optical phenomenon in which white light dispersed by small particles in suspension appears blue when viewed through a...

1. The faintly hued ring that is seen to surround a light source viewed through fog or light clouds. The size of scattering...

A tool made by imbedding small particles of diamond in the working edge. In the optical field, the most commonly used...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

The interaction of charged particles and electromagnetic fields.

An instrument that detects high-energy charged particles by analysis of the Cerenkov radiation that they emit.

In atmospheric optics, the almost total blocking of light transmission in the atmosphere due to the scattering and...

A fluid having three components: a carrier fluid, magnetite particles suspended by Brownian motion and a stabilizer to...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

1. A bundle of light rays that may be parallel, converging or diverging. 2. A concentrated, unidirectional stream of...

Diffuse light emitted by the atmosphere due to the excitation of particles of atmospheric gas. These excited particles...

A method of measuring flow velocity by seeding the flow with neutrally buoyant particles and using a pulsed laser to...

The production of an image on a magnetic film that is exposed to infrared radiation and heated to a point above Curie...

Particle acceleration refers to the process by which charged particles, such as electrons or protons, gain kinetic energy...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

The scattering of charged particles, moving through matter, by the electrostatic force exerted by other charged particles.

A process for the production of optical fibers. A glass bait is rotated in a traversing flame of a reaction burner....

Fiber that emits luminescent radiation excited by ultraviolet, x-ray or high-energy particles.

The area of optics in which the wave nature of a particle is exploited to carry out very accurate interferometry and other...

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated to such an extent...

Elastic scattering that occurs when inelastic processes eliminate particles from the beam.

Short-lived molecular or atomic particles, with an unpaired electron, that play an important part in many photochemical...

A term referring to an optical force field used to trap and stabilize particles acted upon by a force such as laser light.

A volumetric electrical charge resulting from a flow of charged particles across a gap.

The emission of gas or de-aeration due to thermal variations and often occurring in a vacuum. In a cleanroom, contamination...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

An instrument for the detection of the energy distribution of b-particles and secondary electrons.

Device in which contact ionization of atomic particles and thermionic electron emission are used to produce magnetically...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

The transmission of light by a condenser to observe either very small particles or very fine lines with a microscope.

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...

An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...

An electron system using the effect of a constant magnetic field on electron paths to differentiate electrons that have...

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a precision optics polishing technique used for shaping and finishing optical surfaces...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Radioactivity formed by the bombardment of stable elements by either neutrons or high-energy, charged particles under...

A polariton is a quasiparticle resulting from the strong coupling between photons (light particles) and certain types of...

1. The ring patterns of light that seem to encircle particles in the field of a microscope. 2. See Newton's rings.

A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

An instrument that uses a photoelectric system to determine the size and volume of dust particles in a given unit of air.

A group of related lines that represent transitions between two spectroscopic terms, each of which may be complex. Also in...

Calculation of the probability of an interaction between two types of particles, such as light absorption, excitation or...

An instrumental technique that utilizes the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles as recorded from a mass spectrometer...

The method of determining the energy distribution of high-speed charged particles by the luminous effect formed when the...

A lidar (light detection and ranging) technique used in pollution monitoring. Two light beams are emitted simultaneously,...

An area in which airborne particulates can be monitored and controlled so that given size particles do not exceed a...

A technique based on the principles of laser trapping and used to manipulate the position of small particles by gradually...

Mie scattering, named after the German physicist Gustav Mie, refers to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation (such as...

Two oppositely charged particles.

Also cellulose acetate film. The emulsion layer applied to the substrate of a photographic surface. The emulsion layer is...

A scattering photometer using scattered light in the solid angle 4.51+0 19° with respect to the forward direction, and...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

A specific method for measuring the diameter of irregular shaped particles, Martin's diameter is the measured distance...

A technique for confining atoms, molecules or small particles within one or more laser beams. This can be accomplished...

A polarizer that consists of dichroic polarizing material embedded in a plastic sheet, and that transmits light that is...

Radiation that does not produce free electrons and ions, or electrically charged particles.