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protein Dictionary Terms

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

calcium indicator

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

intravital microscopy

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

optogenetic defibrillation

An optogenetic technique that embeds genetically-engineered proteins to the heart to aid in terminating arrhythmias. After...

microRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

hyperchromic shift

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

ospin

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

fluorescent protein

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

Förster resonance energy transfer

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

flow cytometry

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

Van der Waals

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

phototoxicity

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

biomarker

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

dichroism

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

aptamer

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

single-molecule FRET

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

in vitro

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

phage

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

bacteriorhodopsin

A light-harvesting protein found in the purple membrane of a micro-organism called Halobacterium halobium. The protein...

fluorophore

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

photodynamic inactivation

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

hydrophilic

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

recombinase polymerase amplification

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

fluorescence microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

polymer

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers. These monomers are chemically bonded...

hydrogel

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

laser-induced fluorescence

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

calorimetry

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

circular dichroism spectroscopy

A type of spectroscopy used extensively in the analysis of biological samples. Because most biologically synthesized...

histochemical staining

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

antigen

An antigen is any substance that is capable of triggering an immune response in an organism. Antigens are typically proteins...

optical tweezers

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

fluorescence lifetime imaging

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...

optogenetics

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

label-free

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

circular dichroism

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

spectrophotometer

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

(38 results found)

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