Functional materials refer to materials that possess specific properties or functionalities that make them suitable for particular applications or purposes. These materials are designed and engineered to exhibit specific physical, chemical,...

PCSEL stands for "photonic crystal surface-emitting laser." It refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Optical design and engineering services involve the development, customization, and optimization of optical systems and...

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...

A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...

The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...

Metrology is the science and practice of measurement. It encompasses the theoretical and practical aspects of measurement,...

Anisotropy refers to the property of exhibiting different values or characteristics when measured in different directions....

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....

Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...

Anisotropic is a term used to describe a material or substance that exhibits different properties or behaviors in different...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...

Multi-axis alignment refers to the process of aligning or adjusting components or systems in multiple spatial dimensions or...

Harmonic generation refers to a nonlinear optical process in which incoming photons interact with a material and produce new...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...

Ion-beam sputtering (IBS) is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique used for depositing thin films onto substrates. It...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...

Rockwell hardness (Rc) refers to a method for measuring the hardness of a material, primarily metals, using an indentation...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

An autocollimator is an optical instrument used for measuring small angular deviations with high precision. It operates on...

Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...

Design and engineering consulting services refer to professional services provided by specialized firms or individuals to...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

An assembly of prototype instruments, equipment and/or software designed to perform all the functions of a concept or idea...

Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology that belongs to the powder bed...

Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...