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nano Features
Ivy’s Secret Is in Its Secretions
As anyone knows who has ever been to Wrigley Field in Chicago, ivy climbs, it covers and it spreads over almost anything in its path. The plant’s famed surface-climbing ability has made it a fixture in country gardens, on urban buildings and in the ballpark of the Chicago Cubs. But how does ivy inch its way upward? Even Charles Darwin was intrigued by the root-climbing evergreen. Researchers used an AFM to image nanoparticles deposited on a mica surface. Courtesy of Mingjun...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Putting All of the Sunshine to Work in Solar Cells
Despite extensive research and development, solar cells still fall woefully short of perfection. Commercially available units convert only about 15 percent of the light that falls on them into electricity. Now a team from the University of Notre...
Photonics Spectra, May 2008
Carbon Nanotube Spheres Fabricated with Light
As more potential photonic applications are being explored for carbon nanotubes, which are valued for properties such as ultrafast recovery times and optical nonlinearity, the construction and handling of nanotubes remain an issue. Nanotubes are...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
Flexible LED Fashioned with Inorganic Nanowires
An inorganic LED that is flexible and potentially stretchable has been developed with ZnO nanowires serving as the optically active component. In a continuation of their previous work, where an emission at 393 nm was obtained from ZnO nanowires...
Photonics Spectra, April 2008
Nanobeads Prove Useful for Making Optical Molecular Sensors
Optical chemical sensors are employed for testing in numerous fields, from marine research to the aerospace and automotive industries to medicine and biotechnology. Such sensors often consist of indicator fluorophores in a polymeric...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Total Internal Reflection Interrogates Nanoparticles in
Microfluidic Chips
Whereas traditional methods for measuring nanoparticle dispersions involve time-consuming sample preparation and image analysis, a novel microfluidic device can characterize nanoparticle dispersions in real time. To do so, it employs an integrated...
Photonics Spectra, March 2008
Quantum Systems Directly Probed by Photons
Microcavity systems that track and measure the quantum interactions that occur between light and matter have been devised by two research teams in California. Although cavity quantum electrodynamic systems come in a variety of configurations,...
Photonics Spectra, February 2008
Keeping an Eye on Carbon Nanotube Growth
Thanks to their electrical characteristics, high thermal conductivity and great tensile strength, carbon nanotubes could be the material of the future. At present, however, they are too expensive for widespread use. Now a group from Toyota Central...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
Method Developed to Track 3-D Motion of Fluorescent Particles
Accurately measuring single fluorescent particles is often a challenge because their Brownian motion makes it difficult to keep them in focus for prolonged periods. As a result, investigators are forced to gather data from many samples to...
Photonics Spectra, January 2008
Artificial 3-D Quantum Dot Crystal Created
Although quantum dots are being looked at for a growing number of applications, the scale of the nanosize semiconductors continues to make it difficult to arrange them into the precision patterns necessary for applications such as optoelectronics,...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Silicon Nanowires Show Promise for Solar Applications
As the search continues for efficient and inexpensive materials to harvest solar energy, investigators at MIT in Cambridge have found that silicon nanowire arrays may offer some advantages over the more established thin-film...
Photonics Spectra, December 2007
Joining Optical Components with Silica Nanoparticles
Assembling optical components requires some type of bonding mechanism, often using epoxies, glass frits or other materials to join two or more pieces. No matter what type of bonding material or process is used, however, there often are limitations...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Quantum Dots as Tiny Thermometers
As technology gets smaller and smaller, it is becoming increasingly difficult to take accurate temperature readings in systems that are measured in the micro- and nanometer ranges. Researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, and from...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Suspended in Film and Placed Over Microcavities, Quantum Dots Become Brighter
According to a group of researchers comprising members from Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, from Iowa State University in Ames and from Agiltron Inc. of Woburn, Mass., suspended quantum dots are brighter because they are removed from the...
Photonics Spectra, November 2007
Building a Nanostructure Array One Slice at a Time
Researchers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., have employed a nanoscale version of skiving — cutting a material into thin layers — to create large-area arrays of patterned metallic structures. By producing frequency-selective surfaces, the...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Defining the Relationship Between Nanotube Length
and Optical Response
Single-walled carbon nanotubes have numerous optical properties of interest to physicists and electronics engineers. However, whereas these nanometer-scale constructs have been well-studied regarding the influence of diameter and chirality on their...
Photonics Spectra, October 2007
Solar Cells, Array Films Constructed from Nanotubes
Thin-film solar cells have been fabricated from double-walled carbon nanotubes, a material that is relatively untapped in photovoltaic designs but that offers high photoconductivity, mobility and stability. Researchers from Tsinghua University in...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Thin, Colorful Carbon Films
A research group comprising members from Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, and from Peking University has found that when a thin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film on an aluminum substrate is coated uniformly with carbon, the result is an...
Photonics Spectra, September 2007
Detecting Motion, No Matter How Small
A virus isn’t big. A few years ago, a nanomechanical sensor found that one tipped the scale at a few attograms. Such instruments now have the potential to sense mass an order of magnitude smaller, on the scale of zeptograms. However, small-scale...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Electrified Liquid Crystals Make Nanorods Stand Up
Unlike spherical and otherwise-shaped nanostructures, semiconductor nanorods cause light to polarize along their axis. But without the ability to coordinate their orientation, the nanorods’ special capability cannot be fully utilized. Scientists at...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Infrared Detection at Room Temperature with Single-Electron Resolution
Infrared signals with wavelengths longer than 1.2 μm often are excluded by the selectivity of silicon-based sensors. Sensors that use electron-hole pair generation require photons to have energy greater than the 1.1-eV bandgap energy of...
Photonics Spectra, August 2007
Nanoscale Light Detectors Provide Mega-Performance
On the surface, nanowires would seem to make poor light detectors, but it is a nanowire’s surface that produces just the opposite outcome. Those are the findings of a team of scientists from the University of California, San Diego, that investigated...
Photonics Spectra, July 2007
Speedy Spectroscopy of Single Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles present distinct research problems. Because of variations among production batches, investigators tend to choose to study individual particles. Doing so, however, is technically challenging, and it is difficult to generate meaningful...
Photonics Spectra, July 2007
A Crane for Very Small Construction Sites
It is always best to have the right tool for the job at hand. Unfortunately, researchers investigating the high-resolution positioning of single nanoparticles have lacked the proper equipment. As a result, they have not been able to controllably...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
Ultrabroadband Light Source Helps Pinpoint Structure of Organic Semiconductors
Organic semiconductor materials — used to make photovoltaic cells, LEDs and similar devices — can be quickly and efficiently made but often have surfaces composed of both amorphous and crystalline material states. They would perform better if they...
Photonics Spectra, June 2007
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