Photonics Handbook

Prefixes for Binary Multiples The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1998 approved as an IEC International Standard names and symbols for prefixes for binary multiples for use...

The term fluorescence is often applied as a synonym for photoluminescence, although luminescence actually covers fluorescence and phosphorescence. Both of these terms describe the process of...

Aspheric surfaces are powerful tools that combine the optical corrections of multiple lenses into a single element (Figure 1) and affect performance in ways that spherical optics cannot. For example,...

When purchasing an industrial laser system, the astute buyer will look for a Class 1 laser product — a system where the laser beam hazard is completely enclosed and there is no potential laser...

Double-sided processing is a batch-type process that uses planetary action — generally with loose, abrasive particles suspended in a liquid vehicle — to abrade material almost equally...

International System of Units (SI) SI Prefixes Multiples Factor Name Symbol 1024 yotta Y 1021 zetta Z 1018 exa E 1015 peta P 1012 tera T 109 ...

Table of the Greek alphabet and what the letters are commonly used to designate. Name Capital Small Commonly Used to Designate Alpha A α Angles, coefficients, attenuation constant,...

Photometric Units SI Units Quantity Unit Luminous flux lumen lm Luminous intensity candela cd Luminance cd/m2 Illuminance lm/m2 lx Non-SI Units Luminous Intensity ...

Material Coefficient of Expansion(×10-6 per °C) Density (lbs/cubic in.) Aluminum 23.8 0.10 Brass (cast) 18.8 0.30 Carbon (diamond) 1.2 0.25 Carbon (graphite) 7.9 - Copper 16.2 0.32...

If we were to estimate the output of a CCD or thermal camera, we would typically draw an image over the detectors, aligning the image with the detector axes. We show it this way because it’s...

Density – % Transmission (Opacity x % Transmission = 100) Density Opacity %T 0 1.0 100 0.1 1.3 80 0.2 1.6 63 0.3 2.0 50 0.4 2.5 40 0.5 3.2 32 0.6 4.0 25 0.7 5.0 20 0.8 6.3 16 0.9 8.0 13...

A chart listing angle conversions – Degree, Minute, Second, Radian, Milliradian, Circumference and Quadrant Angle Conversions Angle Conversions degree min sec rad mrad circumference...

High-brightness LEDs have found their way into applications such as signs and displays, cell phone flash modules, automotive lighting and general illumination. Some applications, however, such as...