Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of fluorescence emissions from fluorophores within a sample. Unlike traditional fluorescence imaging, which relies on the intensity of...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Liquid marble refers to a unique form of microscale liquid encapsulation, where small droplets of liquid are coated with a...

A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

A phenomenon, exploited for medical imaging, in which the nuclei of material placed in a strong magnetic field will absorb...

A pathogen is a biological agent, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or parasite, that causes disease in its...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...

A blue diode laser is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light in the blue wavelength range of the electromagnetic...

Carbonization is a process in which organic materials are heated in the absence of air, leading to the decomposition of the...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...

A device that provides means for accurately moving minuscule tools over the surface of a microscopic object. The motion...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

This type of miniaturized system, referred to as CMOS qPCR, combines microfluidic technology with an ultralow-light CMOS...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

Terahertz (THz) refers to a unit of frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum, denoting waves with frequencies between 0.1...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

The unchanging nature of spectral reflectance as vegetational density increases to the point where additional increases in...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

A microcomb, short for microresonator frequency comb, is a novel photonic device that generates a precise series of evenly...

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary field that involves the manipulation and control of very small fluid volumes, typically...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...

Chirality is a property of certain molecules and objects in which they are non-superimposable on their mirror images. In...

Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...

The study of x-rays, their biological effects and technology. Named for W.C. Roentgen, who discovered x-rays in 1895.

Also called DLIP, a high-speed, high-resolution processing technique that uses high-power, pulsed laser systems to directly...

Dichroism refers to the property of certain materials to exhibit different colors or absorbance of light depending on the...

A self-interference effect that generates random patterns; secondary speckle pattern (SSP) typically occurs in diffuse...

Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

Nanophotonics is a branch of science and technology that explores the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, typically at...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

Techniques used in biology to produce microradiographs of cells, tissues or small organisms.

A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

Also known as single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), this process was designed for imaging of sensitive samples and...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Micro-robotics refers to the field of robotics that involves the design, development, and application of miniature robotic...

A Laurent polarimeter is an instrument used in optics for measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...

A term pertaining to devices (generally optical) designed for use with both eyes viewing through a single exit pupil. The...

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a nanolithography technique used for fabricating nanoscale patterns on a substrate. It is a...

Calorimetry is a branch of science that involves the measurement of heat flow in physical or chemical processes. It...

Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...

A biomarker, short for biological marker, refers to a measurable and quantifiable indicator of a biological condition,...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...

Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...

Functional materials refer to materials that possess specific properties or functionalities that make them suitable for...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures changes in hemoglobin...

Nonlinear optical materials are substances that exhibit optical properties that are not linearly proportional to the...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

In the field of optics and imaging, a mesoscope refers to an optical instrument that is designed to observe and capture...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

The application of observed operational processes of sophisticated living organisms to mechanical and electrical systems in...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Nanopositioning refers to the precise and controlled movement or manipulation of objects or components at the nanometer...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, meaning they have a strong affinity for...

An instrument used to measure the duration of fluorescence emanating from a biological sample to monitor and evaluate its...

Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their physiological or behavioral characteristics....

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique used to study the structural characteristics of chiral (asymmetric)...

A digital twin refers to a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, system, or process. This...

Birefringence is an optical property of certain materials that causes them to exhibit different refractive indices for light...

A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

A well plate, also known as a microplate or microtiter plate, is a flat plate with multiple small wells or depressions...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A moving group of fluid-suspended biological species directed through separate channels by which the population is isolated....

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

Extremely small organic and inorganic systems of molecules within a substance. In general, systems are colloidal size in...

In colorimetry, the phenomenon in which spectrally different radiations produce the same color sensation for a given...

The maximum level of laser radiation that a person may be exposed to without adverse biological effects.

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules, typically consisting of about 19 to 24 nucleotides,...

Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by the presence of suspended particles. These...

Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a technique used in additive manufacturing, specifically in the field of 3D printing. It...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

A quantum dot is a nanoscale semiconductor structure, typically composed of materials like cadmium selenide or indium...

Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...

The maximum to minimum range of temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration and biological conditions under which an optical...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....

A type of spectroscopy used extensively in the analysis of biological samples. Because most biologically synthesized...

In chemistry, a halide refers to a chemical compound containing one or more halogen atoms bonded to another element. The...

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

A hyperspectral imaging camera is a sophisticated imaging device capable of capturing and processing data across a wide...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

Van der Waals forces refer to the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or parts of molecules) that arise from...

The unit of the dose of any radiation that produces the same biological effect as one roentgen of x-ray.

A fiber optic sensor is a device that uses optical fibers to detect and measure physical, chemical, biological, or...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

Piezoelectric motion systems are mechanical systems that utilize piezoelectric materials to generate controlled motion or...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

An aptamer is a short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that can bind to a specific target molecule with high affinity...

Multiple scattering method used in biological analysis in which approximations yield simple, explicit solutions, at least...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

Heatless light emissions from living organisms caused by the combination of oxygen and pigments such as luciferin.

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

The analysis and measurement of the fluorescence emitted by a source. Fluorometric processes are more sensitive than light...

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

The action of a biological system responding to a single or multiple coherent particles of light produced from a laser...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...