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Teledyne DALSA - Line Scan Leader 5/24 LB
VIS Dictionary Terms

display console
A visual display used with a computer to give access to the many elements of data as an array of points. With the display...
frame frequency
The number of times per second that the frame of a television system is completely scanned. In the United States, 30 per...
ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyes and visual system....
photometry
Photometry is the branch of science that deals with the measurement of light, particularly in terms of its intensity and the...
adaptation
Spontaneous changes to the visual system making it more or less sensitive to light.
vision
The processes in which luminous energy incident on the eye is perceived and evaluated.
field of view
The field of view (FOV) refers to the extent of the observable world or the visible area that can be seen at any given...
rolling shutter artifacts
Rolling shutter artifacts are distortions or visual anomalies that can occur in images or videos captured by cameras with...
distance-luminosity relationship
In astronomy, the relation that states that the intensity of a star's visible radiation is inversely proportional to the...
integration time
Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...
closed-circuit television system
A television system that does not broadcast television signals but transmits them over a closed circuit.
Munsell Book Of Color
A collection of color samples arranged in charts according to equal visually spaced steps in Munsell hue, value and chroma.
fiber optic imaging bundle
A fiber optic imaging bundle is a specialized optical device composed of multiple optical fibers bundled together. Each...
lens
A lens is a transparent optical device that focuses or diverges light, allowing it to pass through and form an image. Lenses...
total internal reflection fluorescence
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...
photon tunneling microscope
An instrument in which visible light beyond the critical angle from a metallurgical microscope is focused on a reference...
neutron radiography
The nondestructive analysis and recording of industrial components based on the absorption of relatively low-energy neutrons...
image orthicon
A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...
Kell factor
In an interlaced scanning electro-optical system such as television, the system resolution will be less than the number of...
spot meter
A telescopic light-sensing meter used to measure illumination levels of small regions at a distance of many feet; it is used...
lateral vision
The perception of visual stimuli at the left and right outer boundaries of the visual field.
visual fault locator
A device that enables visual tracing of a fiber optic cable to check for breaks and defects by coupling visible light into...
near-ultraviolet light source
A light source, such as the sun or an incandescent lamp, that freely penetrates ordinary glass bulbs and emits in the...
ultraviolet
That invisible region of the spectrum just beyond the violet end of the visible region. Wavelengths range from 1 to 400 nm.
flicker
The fluctuation in apparent illumination that has a rate comparable to the reciprocal of the period of persistence in vision.
reflective spectroscopy
Reflectance spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the reflective properties of materials across various wavelengths of...
eye relief
Also termed eye distance. The distance between the vertex of the last optical surface of a visual optical system and the...
extreme ultraviolet
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) refers to a specific range of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum....
color perception test equipment
Equipment for testing an observer's color vision. Some tests require the identification or ordering of colored samples. The...
electron-beam film scanning
The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television...
macula lutea
The small central portion of the human retina that is responsible for providing the clearest, and most distinct aspects of...
scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...
direct-vision prism
An assembly of multiple prisms that disperses incident light into its spectral components without deviating light at the...
backlighting
The forming of a clear silhouette of an object by placing a light source behind it. Used in machine vision when surface...
metascope
A sensing or image-forming detector that serves to convert infrared rays into visible signals for communication purposes....
feature extraction
In image processing and machine vision, the process in which an initial measurement pattern or some subsequence of...
receiver primaries
Also known as display primaries. Colors formed by a television receiver that are of constant chromaticity and variable...
supercontinuum
Supercontinuum refers to a broad spectrum of light that spans a wide range of wavelengths, typically from the visible to the...
machine vision lighting
Machine vision lighting refers to the use of specific lighting techniques and equipment in the field of machine vision,...
optical figure
The amount by which an optical surface deviates from its ideal design value, expressed in wavelengths of light. Optical...
equivalent wavelength
In surface height measurement of optics with steep slopes, the use of two short visible wavelengths to synthesize a longer,...
visual storage tube
An electron tube that stores and visually displays information by means of a cathode-ray-beam-scanning and charge-storage...
scintillation crystal
A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...
holographic grating
A holographic grating is a type of diffraction grating that is produced using holographic recording techniques. It consists...
oleophobic
Oleophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or resist oils. The word oleophobic comes from the...
chroma
1. Attribute of a visual sensation that permits a judgment to be made of the amount of pure chromatic color present. 2. The...
thermography
Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...
physiological optics
The study of visual perception by the sense of sight.
actinic glass
Glass designed to absorb most infrared and ultraviolet radiation while transmitting most of the visible region.
gamma correction
Modification of a system to provide for a linear transfer characteristic from an input to an output device. A circuit for...
infrared searchlight
An infrared source combined with reflecting projection optics to illuminate a target making it visible when observed through...
sun-tracking concentrator
Controlled beam technology that introduces beams of sunlight through holes in a roof that are relayed throughout the...
radiographic amplifier screen
A solid-state panel of the photoconductor-electroluminescent type. The photoconductive layer, sensitive to x-rays, is coated...
solar radiation
Radiation from the sun that is made up of a very wide range of wavelengths, from the long infrared to the short ultraviolet...
field repetition rate
The number of fields scanned per second in a television system. The US standard is 60. Also called field frequency.
contrast filter
A filter designed to improve contrast in an imaging system. For visual and black and white photosystems, a yellow filter is...
swept source optical coherence tomography
Swept-source optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...
Ultraviolet-C
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet radiation with shorter wavelengths than those of visible...
visual angle
The angle subtended by an object at the point of observation.
CCD camera
A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...
frequency division multiplexing
 contrast control
With respect to television, a potentiometer that allows variation of the intensity of the different elements of an image and...
halogen lamp
A halogen lamp, also known as a tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, or quartz iodine lamp, is an incandescent lamp that uses a...
forward-looking infrared
A night-vision device that uses one or more infrared transducers to scan a scene in the 3- to 5-µm or 8- to...
absolute colorimetric
Method of preserving the measured color value and color information as it is translated from differing devices. For example...
tearing
In television, a lateral displacement of the lines from their normal position due to the instability of a synchronizing...
beta fluorography
The use of a short-duration electron beam to record high-speed events that occur in microscopic objects made of materials...
deep-depletion CCD
A CCD device for sensing longer wavelengths, such as NIR and IR, that has a deeper depletion region than would be necessary...
photorefractive keratectomy
A surgical procedure for correcting vision by reshaping the outer surface of the cornea through the use of a laser system.
photochromic
Photochromic refers to a property exhibited by certain materials, typically organic compounds or dyes, which undergo...
thermal-infrared camera
A thermal-infrared camera, often referred to simply as a thermal camera, is a type of imaging device that detects infrared...
Munsell value
Numerical scale of lightness devised by A.H. Munsell and exhibited in the Munsell Book of Color.
thermal recording
A term referring to various processes for forming visible images outside of a camera to be photographed on ordinary film....
point cloud
A point cloud is a set of data points in a three-dimensional coordinate system, where each point represents a specific...
limiting angular subtense (amin)
The apparent visual angle that divides intrabeam viewing from extended-source viewing.
lensless microscopy
Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...
rare-earth elements
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their...
infrared camera
An infrared camera, also known as a thermal imaging camera or IR camera, is a device that captures and visualizes the...
baseband
The simplest method of transmission on a local area network. The entire bandwidth of the cable is used to transmit a single...
indium gallium arsenide camera
An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...
beamsplitter
A beamsplitter is an optical device for dividing a beam into two or more separate beams. A simple beamsplitter may be a very...
fluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...
match
The condition of identity of visual appearance.
separation filters
Three filters used in making a color print of a color negative, red, green and blue-violet, respectively. Each filter...
aperture distortion
A loss of resolution or detail in a television signal caused by the size of the electron scanning beam.
Snellen letter
The letter form used on visual performance test charts. The overall letter height is equal to five times the thickness of...
microspectroscope
A system composed of a prism spectroscope and compound microscope to provide the visual comparison of two spectra...
underwater television system
A television system designed to obtain pictures of objects or scenes beneath the surface of the water. Generally, a...
back channel
A channel for communication with the source in an otherwise unidirectional network, such as a channel that provides...
thermal imaging
The process of producing a visible two-dimensional image of a scene that is dependent on differences in thermal or infrared...
smear
A lack of resolution in a television image as a result of smear ghosts or an insufficiently high video-frequency response....
xerography
A printing process of electrostatic electrophotography that uses a photoconductive insulating medium, in conjunction with...
photonegative
The property exhibited by a substance having electrical conductivity that decreases as the intensity of the incident visible...
gradient
In image processing and machine vision, the rate of change of pixel intensity.
semiconductor
A semiconductor is a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. In...
scanning disc
In field-sequential color television, the rotating tricolor disc placed between the subject and the lens, or between the...
light field
The term light field refers to the spatial distribution of light rays traveling in all directions through a given space. It...
color
The attribute of visual experience that can be described as having quantitatively specifiable dimensions of hue, saturation,...
eye test apparatus
Instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study the eye. There are, for instance, the ophthalmoscope to...
radar display
The spontaneous visual presentation of radar information by electronic traces on a cathode-ray tube.
fractional photothermolysis
A laser skin-resurfacing method that creates microscopic thermal wounds referred to as microscopic treatment zones (MTZs),...
fiber Bragg grating
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...
metameric match
Visual equivalence of physically (usually spectrally) different stimuli.
eye-safe laser operation
Wavelengths between 400 and 1400 nm (VIS to NIR) are focused onto the retina by the cornea. Because the retina is sensitive...
dewetting
Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...
rotating mirror scanner
Developed for use in military reconnaissance systems, it consists of a polygonal mirror, drive motor, interface between...
ultraviolet fiber optics
Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...
color vision
Aspect of vision permitting the observer to distinguish among stimuli by their hue, saturation, and brightness or lightness.
anomalous trichromatism
Color vision whereby abnormal proportions of three colors are needed for color matching.
neon indicator tube
A cold-cathode tube containing neon and designed to visually determine a potential difference or field.
brightness meter
An instrument for measuring the brightness (luminance) of a scene. It may be a spot meter, covering an area of a degree or...
high-frequency distortion
Distortion of the high frequencies of a signal. In television, the term generally applies to frequencies above the 15.7 kHz...
pitch polishing compound
Pitch for polishing mixed with other materials to give it the right viscosity so that it will follow the fine-ground lens...
image contrast
Also referred to as image visibility, the contrast of an image is the variation in the intensity of an image formed by an...
visually coupled display
 critical fusion frequency
The fusion frequency of flicker that is needed just to produce complete fusion and to assure the visual sensation of...
volumetric imaging
Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...
visual photometer
A photometer that permits visual comparison of the luminance of two surfaces.
latent image
The pattern of physical or chemical changes that has taken place in a photographic emulsion, by its exposure to light, that...
helmet-mounted display
A compact optical projection system, mounted on or built into a helmet, and used to project data or a scene directly into...
threshold
1. In visual perception, the minimum value of stimulus that can be perceived on the average. 2. In optical detection...
optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique used in medical and scientific fields to capture...
fluorescent protein
Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...
direct-vision pocket spectroscope
A small handheld instrument consisting of a slit and collimator that feeds light into a small direct-vision dispersing...
CIE observer
Hypothetical observer having standard color vision as described by standard color-matching properties.
spectral pyrheliometer
Any pyrheliometer that has a filter placed over its sensor to limit the range of solar radiation it will detect; used to...
infrared photomicrography
Photographic recording that uses infrared radiation as the light source to form an image of a microscopic object and a...
veiling brightness
A brightness, superimposed on the image of the retina, that decreases its contrast and that often results in decreased...
sapphire optical fiber
Sapphire optical fiber is a type of optical fiber made from single-crystal sapphire, which is a form of aluminum oxide...
trace
In a cathode-ray tube, the visible line or lines formed on the screen by the deflection of the electron stream.
Nichols radiometer
An instrument devised by Nichols and Hull for use in the measurement of radiation pressure. The device has two small...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
snooperscope
An instrument used for viewing in low levels of illumination by means of infrared radiation. A high-aperture lens forms an...
developer
A chemical solution that changes the silver salts (latent image) of exposed photographic film into black metallic silver...
scotopic vision
Vision by means of retinal rods; vision of the dark-adapted eye. In scotopic vision, the level of luminance is so low that...
macrobending
In optical fiber, bends that are larger than microbends (see microbending), being visible. Generally they are caused by...
image dissector tube
An electron tube that is used as a camera tube for a television system. When the picture to be transmitted is focused on a...
heterochromatic light
Radiation consisting of more than a single wavelength in the visible region of the spectrum.
eye
The organ of vision or light sensitivity.
fluorescent whitening agents
Agents used for testing light sources and natural daylight with visual and instrumental assessment using a set of white...
hyperchromic shift
Hyperchromic shift refers to an increase in the absorption of light, leading to a higher absorbance, often observed in...
light
Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm. In photonic applications...
broadband filter
A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...
mosaic structure
In a crystal, its subdivision into polyhedral blocks of macroscopic sizes, with discontinuities contained in the lattice...
advanced tactical air reconnaissance system
An aerial reconnaissance system that can transmit, in near real time, image data recorded by IR and visual-spectrum sensors,...
chip-on-board lights
Chip-on-board (COB) lights refer to a type of LED lighting technology where multiple LED chips are directly mounted onto a...
magnon
A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...
metamaterial
Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...
picture tube
A term referring to the cathode-ray tube used in television receivers.
phosphor
A chemical substance that exhibits fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet radiation, x-rays or an electron beam. The...
microcrystal
A microscopic crystal found in an intricately crystallized substance that is only visible under a microscope.
laser surgery
Laser surgery refers to a medical procedure in which a laser, or focused beam of light, is used as a precision tool to cut,...
acoustical holography
The optical reconstruction of image information contained in a sound field. First the diffraction pattern, formed by an...
Abbe refractometer
Device which measures the index of refraction of glass as well as the dispersion over visible range.
field ion microscope
An extremely powerful microscope that renders individual ionized atoms visible by using an electric field to propel the ions...
primary colors
A set of three colored lights which, when mixed, give the sensation of white light. The set used in color television, for...
infrared phosphor
A phosphor, such as sulfide or selenide, that can be excited to luminescence by incident infrared radiation simultaneous to...
embedded laser
The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...
nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy
Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...
visual test chart
A series of high contrast block letters or similar objects arranged to permit the evaluation of eyesight in humans.
zoom
To control, by magnifying or reducing, the size of a televised image, either electronically or optically.
event-based sensor
An event-based image sensor, also known as a dynamic vision sensor (DVS), is a type of digital imaging device designed to...
Koenig-Martens spectrophotometer
A visual, single-unit spectrophotometer with a biprism and a Wollaston prism. The Wollaston prism polarizes coincident...
optical comparator
Typically used for the examination of manufactured or engineered parts, an optical gauging device, in which a backlight is...
Photoelastic equipment and supplies
Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...
spectral domain optical coherence tomography
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...
mask
1. A framelike structure that serves to restrict the viewing area of the screen when placed before a television picture...
near-infrared spectroscopy
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...
differential interference contrast microscopy
Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast microscopy, is an optical...
deep ultraviolet
Deep ultraviolet (DUV or deep-UV) refers to a specific range of ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than those in the...
flight path deviation indicator
An instrument designed to give a visual indication to the pilot when the plane has strayed from a specific flight path.
optical combiner
An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...
optical switching
Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...
concave and convex spherical mirror
Concave and convex spherical mirrors are types of curved mirrors that have surfaces shaped like segments of spheres. These...
lumen
A lumen is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of luminous flux, which is the perceived power of light. In...
light pen
A handheld, light-sensitive device that is used with a display console to directly change, measure or erase the visual...
maser
An acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Predecessor to the laser, the maser or...
intensified charge-coupled device camera
An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...
advanced driver assistance systems
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) refers to a set of safety features and technologies designed to assist drivers in...
nematic phase
A form of liquid crystal with an appearance of moving, threadlike structures, particularly visible when observed in thick...
short-arc lamp
A compact high-pressure light source in which an electrical discharge between electrodes spaced no more than 12 mm apart...
neodymium glass
Glass containing small quantities of neodymium oxide that is used as a filter plate in color television or as a lasing...
optical filter
An optical filter is a device that selectively transmits or blocks specific wavelengths, or colors, of light. Optical...
wavelength division multiplexing
A system that allows the transmission of more than one signal over a common path, by assigning each signal a different...
structural color
Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...
acutance
In photography, the density gradient across an edge separating light from darkness, a physically measurable quantity that...
picture monitor
A kinescope used to survey the details of television video transmission.
GaN-based LEDs
Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
structured illumination microscopy
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...
machine vision
Machine vision, also known as computer vision or computer sight, refers to the technology that enables machines, typically...
trinoscope
A color-television viewing system with three kinescopes, three lenses and three deflection yokes used to form the red, green...
absorption peak
An absorption peak refers to a sharp increase or spike in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a particular...
Bose-Einstein condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that forms at temperatures close to absolute zero. It is named after...
incandescence
The emission of light by thermal radiation of a temperature high enough to render the source of radiation visible.
televise
To transform a picture or image field into a television signal for transmission.
phototheranostics
Phototheranostics, a portmanteau of "photo" (light), "therapy," and "diagnostics," refers to an emerging field that combines...
Nipkow disc scanner
A device consisting of a disc with a spiral arrangement of holes that is used to convert visible patterns into electrical...
horizontal drive control
A device that controls the output of a television receiver's horizontal oscillator.
airglow
Diffuse light emitted by the atmosphere due to the excitation of particles of atmospheric gas. These excited particles...
binocular parallax
The difference in angular bearing of an object as seen by the two eyes, due to the separation of the visual optical axes.
spectral luminous efficiency
Ratio of the radiant flux at a particular wavelength lm to that at any other wavelength l, such that both radiations produce...
high-speed motion camera
A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...
immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method for detecting antigens or haptens in cells of a tissue section by using labeled...
objective
The optical element that receives light from the object and forms the first or primary image in telescopes and microscopes....
machine vision system
A machine vision system is an integrated combination of hardware and software components designed to capture, process, and...
pulse analyzer
The instrument used to analyze a pulsed electromagnetic wave to determine its time, amplitude, duration and shape, and to...
fluorography
The photographic recording of a visible image formed by the impact of invisible radiation on a fluorescent screen.
absorption lens
An optical lens manufactured to control the transmission of light over a specified wavelength range. Low absorption lenses...
radiation length
The average length in a specific material in which a relativistic charged particle will lose 67 percent of its energy by...
electrophoretic display
An electrophoretic display, often referred to as an electronic paper display or e-paper display, is a type of electronic...
diplopia
A defect of vision where a single object appears as two. Also known as double vision.
microscopic
Characteristic of an object so small in size or so fine in structure that it cannot be seen by the unaided eye. A...
threshold contrast
In visual perception, the smallest difference in illumination perceived on the average.
area scan
Area scan, in the context of imaging and cameras, refers to a method of capturing an entire two-dimensional image in a...
direct viewing
The observation of a reproduced television picture on the face of a cathode-ray tube.
liquid crystal
Liquid crystals are a state of matter that exhibits properties intermediate between those of conventional liquids and solid...
process camera
A photographic camera designed to produce reproduction film of visual information (pictures, line drawings, graphs) for...
glass
A noncrystalline, inorganic mixture of various metallic oxides fused by heating with glassifiers such as silica, or boric or...
blindness
The inability to perceive visual images (visible radiant energy). In human beings, blindness is defined as a visual acuity...
picosecond continuum
A broadband, visible picosecond probe pulse capable of measuring an entire absorption spectrum in one shot.
landolt ring
A broken circle used as the test object in distinguishing visual acuity. The width of the gap in the circle is equal to the...
exposure meter
An instrument used to measure the light from a scene to be photographed and to indicate the camera lens and shutter settings...
multispectral imaging
Multispectral imaging is a technique that involves capturing and analyzing images at multiple discrete spectral bands within...
single-walled carbon nanotubes
Referred to as SWCNTs, these cylindrical nanostructures composed of a folded sheet of graphene can be used as near-infrared...
beam profiling
Beam profiling is a technique used to characterize and analyze the spatial intensity distribution of a laser beam. It...
orthicon
A television camera tube in which a low-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive mosaic that has been created by an...
optical design software
Optical design software refers to specialized computer programs used by optical engineers, physicists, and designers to...
trichromacy
The basis of color vision in the human eye. Three types of cones have been identified, each having a unique spectral...
electromagnetic spectrum
The total range of wavelengths, extending from the shortest to the longest wavelength or conversely, that can be generated...
visually coupled airborne systems simulator
A visual system including a tiny television tube and imaging optics, all contained in a helmet to be worn by pilots in...
real-time processing
The ability of a vision system to interpret an image in a short enough time to keep pace with most operations.
gamma
A numerical value representing the degree of contrast in a television picture: the exponent of the power law used to...
visual axis
An imaginary line between the object, through the nodal point of the eye, and the fovea, or point of finest retinal acuity.
relief
The discernment of depth or apparent difference in distance that causes the object to stand out from its background because...
Camera Link HS
Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...
metabolic imaging
Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...
free-electron laser
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...
stereoscopic television
A television system in which the images produced appear three-dimensional.
myopia
A vision defect commonly referred to as nearsightedness. The defective condition results when the image of a distant object...
photopolymer hologram
A holographic plate coated by photopolymeric mixtures that are composed of one or more monomers and a photoredox catalyst...
Airy differential equation
The equation devised by Sir G.B. Airy for the analysis of light diffraction near a caustic surface: (d2f/dz2) - zf = 0 where...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
movement parallax
The visual phenomenon of the apparent difference in the rate of motion of two objects that are actually moving at the same...
video-intensified microscopy
The observation of specimens by a microscope linked to a television camera and an image processor.
serioscopy
A variation of tomography, which is a means of visualizing any one of a large set of parallel planes in the patient. A...
line of sight
The line of vision; the optical axis of a telescope or other observation system. The straight line connecting the object and...
video
Referring to the bandwidth and spectrum location of the signal produced by television or radar scanning.
phototherapy
Phototherapy is a medical treatment that involves the use of light to treat various conditions, particularly those related...
reflectance confocal microscopy
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows for high-resolution, in vivo imaging...
histochemical staining
Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...
phototoxicity
Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...
intravital microscopy
Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...
image converter
An electron tube that employs electromagnetic radiation to produce a visual replica of an image produced on its cathode....
short wavelength infrared
Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum that encompasses wavelengths roughly between...
calorescence
The production of visible light by infrared radiation whereby the light is produced by heat and not by any direct change in...
calcite
A doubly refracting mineral used to produce polarizing prisms. It is uniaxial negative and in the trigonal division of the...
black level
The level of the television picture signal that corresponds to the maximum limit of black peaks.
computer vision
Computer vision enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data, such as images and videos. It...
image processor
A device embodying a microprocessor that converts an image to digital form and then further enhances the image to prepare it...
lithium fluoride
A crystal often used for windows and refracting components in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared. Characteristically,...
organic dye
Any organic substance, that when dissolved in appropriate liquid based solvents will absorb and emit electromagnetic...
camera tube
The electron beam tube of a television camera that converts an optical image into a pattern of electrostatic charges and...
Grashof number
Formula used in convection study to express the ratio of buoyant force to viscous force.
sextant
A handheld navigational instrument used to measure the elevation angle of celestial bodies such as the sun. An image of the...
optical channel monitor
An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...
blown fiber
A technique developed by British Telecom in which the viscous drag of air is used to install optical fibers in narrow...
anisophotic source
A light source that emits an uneven distribution of radiant energy through the visible range.
light fidelity
LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...
gamma camera
A camera used in scintillation recording to make a visible record of the distribution and relative concentration of...
audiovisual
Concerned with the transmission and reception of both sight and sound. An audiovisual system communicates pictorial images...
electrostatic process
A process used in document copying and printing that involves the visible rendering of an invisible electrostatic image on a...
gray levels
In image processing, machine vision and television, discrete brightness values quantized for a group of pixels. They can...
stealth
That characteristic which makes a weapon system less visible to radar, optical, acousto-optic, infrared and other military...
C-mount
A standard lens interface initially made for 16mm movie cameras and now used primarily on closed-circuit television cameras....
scanner
1. A device used to trace out an object and build up an image. One of the most common of these types is video scanning. The...
diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...
second-harmonic generation microscopy
A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...
refresh rate
Rate at which an image on a computer screen is redrawn (usually 50 or 60 Hz) to prevent flicker caused by the decay of the...
ultrasonic
Ultrasonic refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above...
Schlieren photography
The formation of a picture or image in which the density gradients in a volume of flow are rendered visible. The image is...
scanning acoustic microscope
Also called scanning laser acoustic microscope. A device that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to penetrate surfaces. A...
time-lapse optical coherence tomography
Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...
time domain
The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...
remote sensing
Remote sensing is a method of data collection and observation where information about objects, areas, or phenomena on...
apparent visual angle
The angle subtended by an object, determined by the size of the object and its distance from the viewer.
thermoplastic cement
An adhesive whose viscosity decreases as the temperature is increased to a limit. Canada balsam, resin and pitch are...
kinescope
A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is...
equal-energy white
A stimulus that contains equal energy at each wavelength in the visible region of the spectrum.
high contrast
A term used to describe a photograph, film or television picture where the values for black and white areas are at or near...
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
filovirus
Filoviruses are a family of viruses that are responsible for severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and...
imaging science
The science of producing, recording, storing, transmitting and displaying visual images by any system (photographic, video,...
slow-scan television
A television system that uses a slow rate of horizontal scanning to increase its reproduction and transmittance accuracy of...
degree of coherence
A quantitative measurement of the coherence of a light source; equal to the visibility (V) of the fringes of a two-beam...
optical glass
Optical glass refers to a type of glass specifically engineered and manufactured for use in optical components and systems,...
single molecule localization microscopy
Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...
Mylar
E.I. duPont's trade name for a polyester film. The most practical beamsplitter for use beyond the 15-µm wavelength...
discrimination
The degree to which a vision system is capable of sensing differences in light intensity between two regions.
apparent movement
The visual perception of motion when fixed stimuli are exposed in rapid temporal and spatial succession.
interlaced
Describing the standard television method of raster scanning in which the image is the product of two fields, each of which...
direct scanning
A scanning technique in which the object is illuminated the entire time, and in which picture elements of the object are...
fluorophore
A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...
ophthalmic instruments
A family of specialized instruments used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to study a patient's eyes and prescribe...
mid-infrared camera
A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...
fluorescence photography
The photographic recording of a subject that exhibits luminescence only for an extremely short time (10-8 s) after the...
sequential scanning
Raster scanning process like that of television: each line is scanned successively.
zinc sulfide
A polycrystalline material that transmits in the infrared; it is used as a phosphor in x-ray and television screens.
hot mirror
A mirror with a coating that reflects infrared radiation and transmits visible light.
binocular vision
The ability of the two eyes to see an object from two slightly different points of view. This difference allows an...
optical fluorography
The fluorographic method whereby the visible image (as opposed to the x-ray image) is photographed by mounting a camera in...
emmetropia
The normal condition of vision where an object at infinity is in sharp focus with the eye lens in a neutral or relaxed state.
autofluorescence
Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...
photodetector
A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...
whiteness measurement
The use of whiteness formulas to replace visual assessment.
neuromorphic vision sensor
A neuromorphic vision sensor is a type of imaging device designed to mimic the structure and functioning of the human visual...
infrared optic
Infrared optics refer to optical components and systems designed to manipulate and control infrared (IR) light, which lies...
deep learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves the use of artificial neural networks to model and solve complex...
saturation
1. The decrease of the absorption (or gain) coefficient of a medium near some transition frequency when the power of the...
eyepiece
Also known as ocular. The lens system used between the final real image in a visual optical system and eye. It acts as an...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
first-side toric
The process of grinding the toric surface of a single vision sphero-cylindrical lens.
saticon
A direct-readout television pickup tube.
transparent electrophotographic films
Imaging materials that generally consist of a polyester base, a transparent electrically conductive layer and an organic...
fluorescent light source
A tube containing mercury vapor and lined with a phosphor. When current is passed through the vapor the strong ultraviolet...
multiplexing
The combination of two or more signals for transmission along a single wire, path or carrier. In most optical communication...
annular eclipse
A type of solar eclipse that occurs when the sun is at perihelion and the moon is at apogee. Because the apparent size of...
silicon carbide light-emitting diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...
spectroscope
In a general sense, any one of a class of instruments used to disperse radiation, visible or invisible, into its component...
evaporagraph
A sensor generally used for infrared imaging. It consists of two chambers separated by a thin, blackened membrane. An...
otoscope
An otoscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals, particularly ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists,...
near-infrared camera
A near-infrared (NIR) camera is an imaging device designed to capture images in the near-infrared region of the...
pixel
A pixel, short for "picture element," is the smallest controllable element of a digital image or display. It is a...
augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital information, typically in the form of computer-generated...
black light
Radiation from the invisible (usually ultraviolet) region of the spectrum.
hyperopia
A vision defect commonly referred to as farsightedness. Results when the image of a distant object is focused beyond the...
ospin
Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...
cobalt glass
Glass that transmits near-ultraviolet radiation but is opaque in the visible region. Also known as woods glass.
visual acuity
The numerical definition of the ability of an observer to perceive fine detail. The average value may be taken as one...
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...
laser ablation
Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This...
panchromatic sensitivity
Color sensitivity extended to cover the entire visible spectrum out to the red.
heat-absorbing filter
A glass filter that transmits visible light while absorbing infrared energy (heat).
night-vision device
A device that uses low-level visible radiation or infrared radiation to produce a visual image of a night scene. These...
optical cements and adhesive
Optical cements and adhesives are specialized materials used in the assembly and bonding of optical components in optical...
ultraviolet reflectance
Ultraviolet reflectance refers to the ability of a material or surface to reflect UV light. Ultraviolet light is...
aiming beam
A visible laser beam generated coaxially with an infrared or other invisible laser beam to aid in its positioning.
electron speckle pattern interferometry
A method for detecting vibration amplitudes analogous to image holography, except that the film emulsion is replaced by a...
cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...
sync
Abbreviation of "synchronization.'' In television, the timing signals used to drive the scanning process. Horizontal...
light source
The generic term applied to all sources of visible radiation from burning matter to ionized vapors and lasers, regardless of...
holography
Holography is a technique used to capture and reconstruct three-dimensional images using the principles of interference and...
photobiomodulation
A light therapy that utilizes nonionizing light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the visible and...
television aperture
The term that represents the size of one of the many small elements into which a television image is necessarily broken down...
color television
A television system that is capable of producing an image whose colors approximate the colors of the original, by the use of...
high-resolution visible sensor
A satellite-borne remote sensing device capable of transmitting images at 10 and 20 m resolution from an altitude of 830 km,...
oscilloscope
A system in which a supplied signal causes the deflection of the electron beam in a cathode-ray tube, thus forming a visible...
excimer laser coronary angioplasty
Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) refers to a medical procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease....
Poisson shot noise
A stationary noise that occurs for visible light photodetection when a steady light source, such as a heterodyne reference...
aperture mask
Also known as a shadow mask, a perforated plate placed between the focusing and accelerating electrodes, and the tricolor...
selective transmission
Transmission in different amounts as a function of wavelength, as a result of absorption and scattering, leading to color...
atomic absorption spectrometer
An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...
image isocon
A television camera tube that preceded the development of the vidicon tube and incorporated a method to separate reflected...
visibility meter
1. An instrument used to determine the visual range in an environment. 2. A type of photometer that artificially reduces an...
stereopsis
The perception of depth due to binocular vision.
photonic crystals
Photonic crystals are artificial structures or materials designed to manipulate and control the flow of light in a manner...
spectrohelioscope
An instrument similar to the spectroheliograph, but having a scanning method that is performed by a pair of rapidly...
CoaXPress
CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...
dark-field photomicrography
A photomicrographic recording technique that utilizes dark-field illumination to render an image of an object having a...
electron image tube
A cathode-ray tube that increases the brightness or size of an image or forms a visible image from invisible radiation. The...
transversely excited atmosphere laser
Also known as TEA laser. A coherent optical source with a wide wavelength range in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet...
mesopic vision
Vision at intermediate levels of luminance between photopic and scotopic vision, where both retinal cones and retinal rods...
vertical retrace
With respect to television, the returning direction of the electron beam during the vertical blanking period.
Fresnel lens
A Fresnel lens is a type of optical lens that consists of a series of concentric grooves or steps carved into a flat, thin...
junction diode
A semiconductor device with the property of conducting current more easily in one direction than the other. It has two...
electroluminescent display
The utilization of the light produced when electrical energy is directly converted into light within devices used for visual...
piezo-optical transducer
A structure consisting of a thin film of liquid crystal sandwiched between light-polarizing filters that have received a...
visual binaries
A pair of stars (double star) that can be seen separately with a telescope, generally by setting a filar micrometer for the...
mercury vapor light source
A lamp that has mercury in a tube or bulb that has first been evacuated. The electricity travels through the vapor between...
optical dynameter
A small low-power microscope or magnifier with a scale that is used to measure the exit pupil diameter and eye relief on...
sequential color transmission
With respect to television, the transmission of the signals that originate from variously colored parts of an image in a...
vertical blanking
With respect to a television system, a pulse transmitted at the end of each field to break off the cathode-ray beam as it...
microdisplay
A microdisplay is a miniature electronic display technology that is designed to project visual information onto a small...
diascope
1. An optical device used for projection of enlarged images of transparencies or lantern slides on a screen. 2. A device...
morphological processing
A set of algorithms used to study the structural and spatial characteristics of objects in a digitized image for...
vector correlation
A machine vision technique of image correlation whereby the correlation kernel (template of the desired image) is...
luminous
Pertaining to electromagnetic radiation as perceived by the eye; that is, with the contributions as wavelengths in the...
spectrophotometer
A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...
electronic viewfinder
A small television monitor that replaces the reflex viewfinder in a television camera.
spectrum
See optical spectrum; visible spectrum.
quantitative phase imaging
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...
color-translating microscope
A type of compound microscope that uses three visible wavelengths to translate details produced by invisible radiation.
visual range
The value of the expanse of b-particles in an absorber, evaluated by visual examination of breaks in the absorption curve.
color temperature
A colorimetric concept related to the apparent visual color of a source (not its temperature). For a blackbody, the color...
fused quartz and silica
Fused quartz and silica are closely related materials, both composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2), but they are...
Polarization Imaging
A subsurface imaging technique based upon the polarization of light reflected off an object. The polarization of reflected...
ultraphotic rays
The rays (such as ultraviolet rays) lying past the visible region of the spectrum.
optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...
luminescence
Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...
direct illumination
Light produced by visible radiation that moves from the light source to the object without reflection. With respect to...
Lovibond tintometer
A subtractive colorimeter that expresses a liquid's or object's color as a combination of three colors. These colors are...
digital holographic microscopy
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...
visual field
The angular field of view that is seen by the eyes when fixed on a point straight ahead. The normal binocular visual field...
National Television Systems Committee
The code used to describe the United States system of color telecasting.
interference inverter
A device, consisting of a diode activated by an interference pulse, that is designed to minimize the white spots on a...
machine vision lens
A machine vision lens is a specialized optical lens designed for use in machine vision systems, which are used for automated...
aniseikonia
A visual defect that produces a disparity in the sizes of the images formed by the two eyes.
absolute luminance threshold
The minimum value of luminance for vision. The value may vary with age as well as dark adaption period. (Measured range...
equidensities
1. A contour map of a photographic deposit consisting of lines and curves that join points of equal density. 2. The...
television monitor
A television receiver that receives the signals generated by a television camera directly, or remotely through a radio...
color-defective vision
Situation in which the observer requires fewer than three independent stimuli to make color matches. Dichromats require only...
detector
1. A device designed to convert the energy of incident radiation into another form for the determination of the presence of...
electroluminescent-photoconductive image intensifier
A panel of photoconductive and electroluminescent layers used as either a positive or negative image intensifier, depending...
oblique illumination
A common technique in microscopy, oblique illumination is one in which the object is illuminated by a light source that is...
micro-ring resonator
A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...
television signal
The combination of the audio and visual signals that are transmitted and received at the same time, correlating the scene...
image plane
A plane in which an image is formed. A real image formed by a positive lens would be visible upon a screen located in this...
horizontal resolution
In television, the number of individual pixels that can be distinguished in a horizontal scanning line; also called...
false color process
Entirely analogous to color photography, but inclusive of light bands that do not appear in the visible spectrum.
luminous flux
Descriptive of the radiant power of visible light modified by the eye response. It is the measure of the flow of visible...
machine learning
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the development of algorithms and...
organic light-emitting diode
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED) technology that utilizes organic compounds to...
double-Gauss lens
A fast, wide-angle lens used in television and photographic cameras, with excellent overall correction, but subject to...
image
In optics, an image is the reconstruction of light rays from a source or object when light from that source or object is...
detector array
A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....
contact fluorography
A fluorographic method whereby the sensitive photographic medium is pressed against a fluorescent screen to form a visible...
Golgi Staining Technique
The Golgi staining technique (also called the black reaction) makes it possible to look at the nervous system by rendering...
infrared light source
An infrared light source is a device that emits light in the infrared spectrum, which lies beyond the visible spectrum of...
holographic camera
A holographic camera, also known as a holographic imaging system or holographic recorder, is a specialized device used to...
phase contrast microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
optical character recognition
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology that is used to convert printed or handwritten text into...
medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
liquid-surface holography
The acoustical holographic process in which the hologram consists of slight elevations in a liquid surface, in the areas of...
photopic vision
Vision by means of retinal cones; color vision. Relatively high levels of luminance are required for photopic vision.
B-scope
A cathode-ray display where information is represented visually as spots. Each spot's location is represented by a...
nonspectral color
A color whose hue is not produced by a single wavelength in the visible spectrum, but is instead produced by mixing the...
histology
Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...
organic dye laser
A laser having a lasing material that is a fluorescing organic dye. Depending on the dye used, it can produce emission in...
frequency comb
A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...
television projection
A television display system in which the television signal is converted to an image that is projected onto either a front or...
laser eyewear
Usually consists of a set of filters that attenuate specific wavelengths but transmit as much visible radiation as possible.
diverging lens
A diverging lens is a type of lens that causes parallel rays of light to spread out or diverge. It is thinner in the center...
InGaAs photodiode
An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...
pencil beam
In astronomy, the main lobe of an antenna pattern that has a small angular extent in two mutually perpendicular directions....
star testing
The visual examination by a trained observer of the image of a point source. Any coloring or departure from the Airy disc...
field emission microscope
An image-forming instrument in which a strong electrostatic field causes cold emission of electrons from a sharply rounded...
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
visibility
The maximum distance at which the eye can perceive and evaluate objects.
computer graphics
Computer output in the form of pictorial representation (graphs, charts, drawings, etc.) that is displayed visually.
field
1. In raster scan television, one of the two scans that are interlaced to make up a frame. 2. See field of view.
cyanometry
The analysis of light in the blue region of the visible spectrum.
Harting Dove prism
A direct-vision prism made in one piece that can be used only in parallel light.
brightfield
Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...
light diffusion
Light diffusion refers to the process by which light is scattered or spread out in various directions as it interacts with a...
STED microscopy
STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...
lens mount
The metal tube that maintains the optical components of a lens in proper relationship. Some lenses are mounted in metal...
television waveform
The graph of the oscillating variations composing the wave of a video signal.
foveal vision
 optical pyrometer
An instrument for determining the temperature of a hot object by examining the color spectrum of the visible light it gives...
diffuser
An optical diffuser is an optical component or material designed to scatter or diffuse light that passes through it. It is...
infrared lens
An infrared lens is an optical component specifically designed and optimized for transmitting, focusing, or manipulating...
photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is the 400- to 700-nm region (visible light) of the electromagnetic spectrum that...
horopter
The locus of the points in the field of binocular vision that are observed singly. The images of these points correspond to...
acuity, visual
 microscopy
Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...
scanning electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...
ambient light
Light present in the environment around a detecting or interpreting device, especially a machine vision system, and...
optical fiber
Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...
empty magnification
Magnification that is above the level of maximum useful magnification and does not contribute useful resolving power. In a...
rod
The light-sensitive cells on the retina of the eye that are responsible for low-resolution, peripheral vision.
beacon
A device, either visual or electronic, that emits signals to identify set positions for use in the navigation of aircraft...
attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy
Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...
electron trapping optical memory
A method of erasable optical data storage in which information is stored by visible light, then read by illumination with an...
three-photon microscopy
Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...
ultraviolet-visible spectrometer
Also known as UV-VIS spectrometer, a device that measures the absorbance, reflectance or transmittance of light in the...
electron band
A spectrum band that is usually found in the visible or the ultraviolet because of the electron transitions taking place...
infrared
Infrared (IR) refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but...
laser dazzle system
Visible laser radiation, often optically expanded and collimated, used to induced temporary blindness from within a walking...
remote inspection
Remote inspection refers to the process of inspecting, evaluating, or monitoring assets, equipment, infrastructure, or...
target
1. The anode or anticathode of an x-ray tube that emits x-rays when bombarded by electrons. 2. The screen in a television...
advanced compatible television
A television format with enhanced vertical resolution (400 lines as compared with the standard 330) that, unlike...
CMOS image sensor
A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...
atomic force microscope
An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...
femtosecond laser
A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...
Munsell hue
Numerical scale of hue devised by A.H. Munsell and exhibited in the Munsell Book of Color.
long-wave infrared
Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to a specific range of the infrared spectrum. Infrared radiation is divided into three main...
first-side meniscus
The process of grinding the concave surface of a single-vision spherical lens.
spectrum photography
The photographic recording of visible and ultraviolet spectra on an ordinary photograph.
stereoscopic vision
Vision in depth of three dimensions as a result of the spacing of the eyes. This spacing allows the eyes to see objects from...
white level
The state of a carrier signal that corresponds to maximum picture brightness in a television system.
optical parametric oscillator
A laser-pumped crystal with nonlinear optical properties inside of an optical resonator in which the output generates...
horizontal blanking interval
In television, the period during which the electron beam is cut off while the raster returns from the right-hand side of the...
visible
That term pertaining to the spectral region that can be perceived by the eye.
fluorescence
Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...
videography
Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images and recording them in a digital format. It involves the use of...
pairing
In interlaced television scanning, an effect in which the lines of one field fail to fall exactly within the lines of the...
data analysis display
An accurate cathode-ray tube display used to provide visual representation stored in a computer for the interpretation and...
far point (of vision)
The object distance at which the eye is focused with the eye lens in a neutral or relaxed state.
electrowetting display
An electrowetting display (EWD) is a type of electronic display technology that utilizes the principles of electrowetting to...
vertical resolution
In television system specifications, the number of parallel horizontal black and white lines of equal thickness, that can be...
television bandwidth
The span of frequencies within which a single channel of broadcast television must fall; in the US, it is 6 MHz.
vergence
The angular relation between two light rays that originated at the same object point. Sometimes used to indicate the angle...
photochemical
The term photochemical pertains to chemical processes or reactions that are initiated or influenced by the absorption of...
motion sensing
Capacity of a vision system to capture an image of an object in motion and to resolve the direction and speed of that motion.
selective reflection
The reflection in different amounts as a function of wavelength, as a result of absorption and scattering, leading to color...
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...
magnitude
In astronomy, the relative brightness of a celestial body. Originally a scale from 1 to 6, where 1 represented the brightest...
virtual reality
Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment or experience that can be...
arc flash
An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
fusion
1. The combination of the effects of two or more stimuli in any given sense to form a single sensation. With respect to...
optical camouflage
The use of retroreflective projection technology (RPT) to project a background image onto a masked object, such as a vehicle...
3D laser line profile sensor
A 3D profile sensor, also known as a 3D profiling sensor or 3D depth sensor, is a technology that is used to capture and...
charge-injection device
A charge-injection device (CID) refers to a class of devices that manipulate and detect electrical charge within a...
fluorescent screen
A fluorescent screen refers to a phosphorescent or fluorescent-coated surface that emits visible light when exposed to other...
flexible display
A flexible display refers to a type of electronic visual display that is designed to be bendable, foldable, or rollable,...
time division multiplex
The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for...
rare-earth doped fiber
An optical fiber in which ions of a rare-earth element, such as neodymium, erbium or holmium, have been incorporated into...
double vision
A defect of a binocular instrument causing two images to be seen separately instead of being fused. It is caused when the...
noctovision
A television system used for seeing in the dark, particularly with the use of infrared rays.
silicon photodiode
A silicon photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It is a type of photodetector...
air-to-ground phototransmission system
A category of systems designed to communicate a photo taken from the air (e.g., aircraft, balloon, satellite) to a ground...
reference white
The light from a nonselective diffuse reflector due to the standard illumination of the scene to be televised.
laser lithotripsy
Laser lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to break down or fragment stones in various parts of the...
nitrogen vacancy
A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...
frame
1. To center an image or place it in any part of the television screen desired. Also applies to stills. 2. A single image of...
endoscope
An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing and examining the interior of hollow organs, body cavities, or...
optical transition
The process by which an atomic system changes from one energy level to another by either the emission or absorption of...
germanium crystal
Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
embedded vision
Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...
custom lapping and polishing services
Custom lapping and polishing services involve specialized processes used to improve the surface finish and dimensional...
uniform color space
A color space in which equal distances represent equal visually perceived color differences.
averted vision
In astronomy, the method of deliberately viewing objects with peripheral vision to take advantage of the eye's greater...
aspect ratio
With respect to pictorial displays, the ratio of the width to the height. The television standard in the US is 4:3....
minimum visible
The smallest area of uniform brightness that can be seen by the eye. It is measured in terms of the solid angle subtended by...
Liebmann effect
The visual perception of contrasting forms is more difficult if the forms have the same luminance but different...
polarization
Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...
comparator-densitometer
A device used to project a reference spectrum next to a spectrum to be analyzed to provide visual comparison.
high dynamic range
High dynamic range (HDR) refers to a technology that allows for a broader and more dynamic range of luminosity in visual...
digital video compression
A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image....
tristimulus integration
Computation of tristimulus values by integrating or summing, over the visible wavelength region, the product of the relative...
quantum dot light-emitting diode
Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) is a display technology that utilizes quantum dots, which are semiconductor...
peripheral vision
The ability to see over large angles of view.
Huefner spectrophotometer
A visual spectrophotometer with a rhomb located directly before the entrance aperture of a constant-deviation...
space-division multiplex
In fiber optics, the condition in which each fiber of a bundle carries a separate channel.
distance of distinct vision
The near-point distance of the normal eye. The value of 10 in. or 25 cm is normal. This value is used in evaluating the...
convolutional neural network
A powerful and flexible machine-learning approach that can be used in machine vision to help solve difficult problems....
orange peel
In the context of imaging, particularly digital imaging and printing, "orange peel" refers to a texture or visual distortion...
video detector
A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to...
micro-optical coherence tomography
Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...
automated optical inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is a technology used in manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics, to...
visioceilometer
An instrument that uses an erbium:glass laser to determine cloud height from the ground.
Abbe constant
A dispersion relation defined in order to value the reciprocal amount of dispersion. It is defined as the refractivity over...
bronchoscope
An optical instrument designed to permit the visual examination of the interior of the bronchi.
infrared image tube
An image converter that produces a visible image based on the infrared emittance of the object. The infrared energy is...
clear eye distance
In a visual optical system, the axial distance from the last mechanical surface of the eyepiece to the exit pupil.
focal plane assembly
An infrared imaging device composed of a detector array and readout electronics. It may include a cryogenic cooling system....
chromatic vision
frame rate
Frame rate refers to the frequency at which consecutive images, or frames, are displayed in a video sequence. It is...
hill cloud lens
A fish-eye lens designed to photograph cloud formations over the entire visible sky.
reflective
The term reflective is an adjective that describes the ability of a surface or material to reflect light or other forms of...
optical theorem
A fundamental law of wave scattering theory that connects the extinction cross section of a scatterer to the real part of...
infrared microscope
A type of microscope that uses radiation in the infrared region to illuminate objects that are opaque to visible radiation....
neutral density coating
A coating applied to a neutral density glass that is designed to reduce the amount of light evenly across the transmitted...
horizon detector
An infrared device used in satellites and rockets to determine a heat horizon for the Earth at altitudes (above 200 miles)...
radiant heat
Infrared radiation emitted from a source that is not heated sufficiently to give off visible radiation.
calcium indicator
A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....
television camera
A camera containing an electronic image sensor that converts the image to an electronic signal suitable for television...
corneal shaping
The mechanical modification of the shape of the cornea to correct a vision defect.
photoconductive detector
A device for detecting visual and infrared radiation using a photoconductor as the principle sensing element.
smear ghost
A false image in television that follows the desired image so closely that it appears to be smeared.
indirect illumination
The light formed by visible radiation that, in traveling from light source to object, undergoes one or more reflections. In...
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
illuminometer
A photometric instrument used to measure the illumination falling on a surface. It may be photoelectric or visual.
ultraviolet microscopy
The study and photographing of microscope specimens in ultraviolet light; using an optical microscope containing fluorite...
long-pass filter
A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...
injection luminescent diode
A semiconductor diode operating in either a coherent or incoherent mode that is used as a near-infrared or visible source in...
chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when different wavelengths (colors) of light are refracted by a...
stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...
vidicon
A small television tube originally developed for closed-circuit television. It is about 1 inch in diameter and 5 inches...
sleek
A polishing scratch having no visible conchoidal breaking of the edges.
cold mirror
A mirror whose coating serves to reflect visible radiation while transmitting the infrared.
interferometric modulator display
Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) is a type of display technology used in electronic devices, known for its energy...
magnetic fluid
A fluid having three components: a carrier fluid, magnetite particles suspended by Brownian motion and a stabilizer to...
hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...
Munsell chroma
Numerical scale of chroma devised by A.H. Munsell and exhibited in the Munsell Book of Color.
absolute magnification
The value of the distance of distinct vision, minimum focusing distance or near point, divided by the focal length of the...
quasi-optical
Having properties resembling those of light- waves; e.g., the propagation of waves in the television spectrum.
scattered seeds
A term used to denote the condition of a few easily visible coarse inclusions within a blank of glass.
television transmitter
An electronic device used to encode video and audio signals of a television camera into radio waves that are broadcast to...
reticle
A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
Lyman continuum
A spectrum that is continuous in the UV region with borders ranging from the visible to 300 A and lower.
television line number
The value equal to the raster height divided by the half-period of a periodic test pattern.
matrix
With respect to television, that part of a color television circuit that combines the I, Q and Y signals, and changes them...
Fabry-Perot method
A means of determining a prism's index of refraction by placing the prism so that its emergent face is perpendicular to the...
superresolution
Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...
visible spectrum
That region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the retina is sensitive and by which the eye sees. It extends from...
gastroscope
An optical instrument designed for the visual examination of the inside of the stomach.
image correlation
A machine vision technique that compares a template of the desired image (the correlation kernel) with the actual camera...
genlock
A device used to lock the internal synchronization generator of a television camera to an external source.
negative ghost
A ghost image that has the reverse lightness relations of the original image. This phenomenon is a common optical illusion...
retroreflection
Retroreflection is a phenomenon in optics where light is reflected back toward its source, typically in a direction nearly...
red, green, blue
RGB stands for red, green, blue, which are the primary colors of light used in additive color mixing. The RGB color model is...
convergence
1. In optics, the bending of light rays toward each other, as by a convex or positive lens. 2. Turning in the eyes to view a...
flash photographic density filter
A filter, partially opaque to near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, that may be made by exposing and processing...
Ti:sapphire laser
A Ti:sapphire laser is a type of solid-state laser that utilizes a titanium-doped sapphire crystal as the gain medium. The...
solar simulator
A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...
bifocal lens
A two-part lens that has a different focal length for each part. Generally, it is used in eyeglasses to correct for both...
television microscope
A device designed to enlarge the image of a microscopic object by television process. It may be a flying spot scanner that...
colorimeter
A colorimeter is a device used to measure and quantify the color characteristics of an object or a light source. It provides...
laser texturing
Laser texturing is a manufacturing process that involves using a laser beam to selectively modify the surface of a material,...
invisible light filter
A filter that transmits infrared and ultraviolet but is opaque to visible radiation.
after-image
That image remaining on the detector after the primary stimulus has been removed. In the visual system, the after-image...
cystoscope
An endoscope used for the visual examination of the bladder.
radio frequency
The frequency range for radio and television transmission.

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