Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in temperature. In other words, it is the production and emission of light by a material or substance, often as a result of...

Flow cytometry is a powerful technique used in biology and medicine for the quantitative analysis of the physical and...

A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that possess a cell envelope composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan...

Gram-positive bacteria are a group of bacteria that have a thick cell wall composed primarily of a substance called...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Brightfield refers to a type of microscopy and imaging technique in which the specimen is illuminated with a white light...

Hydrophobic is a term used to describe substances or materials that repel or do not readily interact with water. The word...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other...

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

A synchrotron is a type of particle accelerator that uses magnetic fields to steer charged particles, typically electrons or...

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

Hydrophilic is a term used to describe substances or materials that have an affinity for water. The word hydrophilic comes...

Laser-mediated gene transfer refers to a technique in molecular biology and genetic engineering that utilizes lasers to...

Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single,...

An advanced technique that allows the detection of one molecule within a crystal or a cell through optical excitation....

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is an optical microscopy technique that belongs to the category of quantitative...

A substrate refers to a material or surface upon which another material or process is applied or deposited. In various...

A terahertz spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of materials in the terahertz...

The Weissenberg method, named after the German physicist Karl Weissenberg, is a technique used in x-ray crystallography for...

A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the intensity of light at various wavelengths in the...

Techniques used in biology to produce microradiographs of cells, tissues or small organisms.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) is a nonlinear optical method that allows imaging of biological cells and living...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...

In biology, particularly genetics and evolutionary biology, the phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits...

In colorimetry, the phenomenon in which spectrally different radiations produce the same color sensation for a given...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry to obtain IR spectra of samples....

A phage, short for bacteriophage, is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria. Phages are composed of...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

Topology is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the properties of space that are preserved under continuous...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that uses the near-infrared region of the...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...