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emission Dictionary Terms

luminescence
Luminescence is the emission of light that occurs without the involved substance undergoing a significant increase in...
near-ultraviolet light source
A light source, such as the sun or an incandescent lamp, that freely penetrates ordinary glass bulbs and emits in the...
lasing medium
The material that produces stimulated emission from within a laser oscillator. Laser gain media may vary from...
GaN distributed feedback lasers
GaN (gallium nitride) distributed feedback (DFB) lasers refer to a specific type of semiconductor laser based on Gallium...
rare earth dopants
Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...
holmium laser
Holmium lasers are a type of medical laser that utilizes holmium-doped crystals as the gain medium. The term holmium laser...
photonic cavity
A photonic cavity, also known as an optical cavity, is a structure that confines electromagnetic radiation within a certain...
Mossbauer effect spectroscopy
Spectroscopy characterized by the Mossbauer effect - recoilless emission and absorption of nuclear gamma radiation- which...
neodymium:YAG
Literally, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet. A cylindrical rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped with neodymium that is the...
photoelectric absorption
The transformation of incident radiant energy into a photoelectric emission current.
gallium arsenide phosphide
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) is a semiconductor alloy composed of gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and phosphorus (P). It...
secondary emission photocell
laser ceilometer
A device used for measuring the height of clouds from a position on the ground. Measurement technique uses a vertically...
Q machine
Device in which contact ionization of atomic particles and thermionic electron emission are used to produce magnetically...
quantum well
A quantum well is a structure in quantum mechanics that confines particles, such as electrons or holes, in one spatial...
superluminescent light-emitting diode
An emitter based on stimulated emission with amplification but insufficient feedback for oscillation to build up.
fiber-coupled LED
A fiber-coupled LED (light-emitting diode) refers to an LED device that is optically coupled to an optical fiber for the...
stimulated emission
Radiation similar in origin to spontaneous emission but determined by the presence of other radiation having the same...
graser
An acronym of gamma ray amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. It is a gamma ray laser that operates between...
Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...
maser
An acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Predecessor to the laser, the maser or...
fluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...
spectrographic electrode
The hollow electrode used in emission spectroscopy to hold the material to be examined and, using an arc or spark source, to...
light-emitting diode
An LED, or light emitting diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs...
edge-emitting LED
An edge-emitting light-emitting diode is a type of LED structure where light emission occurs primarily along the edge of the...
optical testing instrument
An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...
free-electron laser
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...
optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behavior and properties of light, including its interactions with matter...
laser spectroscopy
That part of the science involved in the study of the theory and interpretation of spectra that uses the unique...
time-to-amplitude converter
A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...
Hertz effect
The ionization and spark emission due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
flame emission spectroscopy
A technique in photometry that uses an oxyhydrogen or oxyacetylene flame to optically excite a solution containing the...
optical emission spectroscopy
In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...
quantum confinement
Quantum confinement refers to the phenomenon in quantum mechanics where the motion of charge carriers, such as electrons or...
quenching
The inhibition or elimination of one process by another process. The stimulated emission of a laser oscillator can be...
microchannel plate
A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...
laser
A laser, which stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," is a device that produces coherent and...
spectrofluorometer
An automatic scanning instrument that is used to study a substance's fluorescence over a wide range of wavelengths. It...
superfluorescence
The process in which the normal rate of fluorescent emission from a substance is enhanced by virtue of the optical gain of...
dichroic mirror
A dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic beamsplitter or interference filter beamsplitter, is an optical device that...
scanning electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...
near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral oximetry
A monitoring technique used to measure the oxygen saturation levels in the brains of patients, commonly in operating room...
population inversion
The condition in which there are more atomic systems in the upper of two energy levels than in the lower, so stimulated...
ruby laser
The optically pumped, solid-state laser that uses sapphire as the host lattice and chromium as the active ion. The emission...
diode laser
A diode laser is a type of laser that uses a semiconductor diode as the active medium to generate coherent light....
McClatchey model
Calculation of gas and aerosol transmission and emission characteristics for several model atmospheres, including two model...
microprobe
An instrument that produces an intense, tightly focused beam of ions to stimulate emissions from a minute section of a...
optical materials
Optical materials refer to substances or compounds specifically chosen for their optical properties and used in the...
gamma radiography
Radiography using the emission of gamma rays to form an image of the structure penetrated by the radiation.
radiation trapping
That process by which radiation spontaneously emitted by a volume of optical materials is resonantly reabsorbed within the...
photonics
The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The...
autofluorescence
Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...
spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...
multiphoton process
A process involving the interaction (absorption, emission or both) of two or more photons with a molecular entity.
multimode laser
A laser that produces emission in two or more transverse or longitudinal modes.
peak spectral emission
The wavelength at which a lamp radiates its highest intensity.
resonance absorption (light)
The re-emission of absorbed energy, having the same wavelength as the incident energy, in an arbitrary direction from a...
resonance spectrum
The fluorescent emission spectrum emitted by certain substances following the irradiation of one of these substances with...
self-absorption
In optical emission spectroscopy, the reduction in radiant power in the central portion of spectral lines arising from the...
vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy
A method of spectral analysis using wavelengths between 100 and 300 nm that utilizes both emission and absorption techniques.
Schottky-barrier IRCCD
A form of infrared CCD that utilizes internal photoemission as a photodetection mechanism.
photoelectromotive force
The force that stimulates the emission of an electrical current when photovoltaic action creates a potential difference...
recombination radiation
The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If...
GaN-based LEDs
Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...
arc flash
An arc flash is a sudden release of electrical energy due to an electric arc — a continuous, high-current discharge of...
thermography
Thermography is a technique that involves the use of an infrared imaging device, called a thermal camera or infrared camera,...
emission line
The line or lines emitted by an element when its radiation particles travel from one energy level to another.
Paschen series
An array of lines in the infrared region of the emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen. Their wave numbers are expressed by...
flame spectrum
The emission spectrum formed by the radiation from a sample that has been evaporated by a nonluminous flame.
flame spectrometry
The procedure applied to flame-excited line emissions to determine spectra and wavelengths.
carbon dioxide laser
A gas laser in which the energy-state transitions between vibrational and rotational states of CO2 molecules give emission...
x-radiography
Radiography using the emission of x-rays to form an image of the structure penetrated by the radiation.
photoelectric multiplier
A phototube in which the primary photoemission current, before being extracted at the anode, is multiplied many times.
field emission display
An X-Y electrically addressable series of arrays with individual electron emitters bombarding a phosphor-coated transparent...
fluorescence
Fluorescence is a type of luminescence, which is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other...
emission spectroscopy
A study of the energies and wavelengths of radiation emitted by atoms and molecules when particular physical conditions are...
ion laser
A laser in which the transition involved in stimulated emission of radiation takes place between two levels of an ionized...
channel electron multiplier
A photoelectric detector consisting of a glass tube internally coated with a low conductance material. Voltage applied along...
camera
A light-tight box that receives light from an object or scene and focuses it to form an image on a light-sensitive material...
full width half maximum
Full width half maximum (FWHM) is a measure of the extent of a function. Given by the difference between the two extreme...
scintillation detector
A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...
optical transition
The process by which an atomic system changes from one energy level to another by either the emission or absorption of...
fiber laser
A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...
swept-source laser
A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...
white-light continuum
An extremely wide emission spectrum generated by the nonlinear effects created when a high peak power from a short-pulse...
infrared light-emitting diode
An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...
hyperspectral imaging
Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced imaging technique that captures and processes information from across the...
electric lamp
Any lamp whose emission of radiant energy is dependent upon the passage of an electrical current through the emissive medium.
thermal radiation
The emission of radiant energy in which the energy emitted originates in the thermal motion of the atoms or molecules of the...
diode-pumped solid-state laser
A diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) is a type of laser system that uses semiconductor diode lasers to pump energy into...
chelate laser
A laser having a rare-earth chelate within a plastic host as the lasing material. The chelate laser is easily pumped and has...
gallium nitride
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound made up of gallium (Ga) and nitrogen (N). It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor material...
kron camera
Astronomical detector consisting of a photocathode isolated from the target by a coin value from which electrons are focused...
fluorophore
A fluorophore is a molecule or a portion of a molecule that has the ability to emit light upon excitation by an external...
Nernst glower
A Nernst glower, also known simply as a Nernst lamp or Nernst filament, is a type of incandescent lamp or radiant heater...
cathode radiant sensitivity
Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...
heat wave
In reference to infrared, emissions that are like radio waves but that have a higher frequency.
monochromator
A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...
hyperspectral resolution
Hyperspectral resolution refers to the level of detail or granularity in the spectral information captured by a...
cosine emission law
electron spectroscopy
The theory and interpretation of spectra produced by the electron emissions of substances after their irradiation by x-rays.
Marx effect
The decrease in the energy of a photoelectric emission as a result of the simultaneous incidence of radiation having lower...
flame excitation
The use of high temperatures, between 2000 and 3000 °C, to excite emission lines from a sample in spectroscopic...
impurity level
In the context of optical materials, the term "impurity level" refers to the presence of foreign atoms or molecules within...
electronics
That branch of science involved in the study and utilization of the motion, emissions and behaviors of currents of...
single-photon-decay spectroscopy
A technique for observing the decay of light emissions from sources following their pulsed excitations, based on recording...
spectrochemical equipment
Equipment used for chemical analysis by investigation of the spectra formed and observed in chemical activity. Of particular...
monoergic
Pertaining to radiation or particle emission, whereby the emission is produced with minimal energy spread.
biostimulation
The action of a biological system responding to a single or multiple coherent particles of light produced from a laser...
thermophotovoltaic
Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) refers to a technology that converts heat energy into electricity using the principles of...
fluorescence lifetime imaging
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is an advanced imaging technique that provides information about the lifetime of...
helium-neon laser
A helium-neon (HeNe) laser is a type of gas laser that emits visible red light at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It operates...
epifluorescence microscopy
Fluorescence imaging technique in which the excitation light from the objective is directed into the sample producing...
emission of sky
Thermal emission caused by the unity in absorption bands that must be discriminated when calculating radiation intensity of...
laser crystal
A laser crystal, also known as an active medium or gain medium, is a solid-state material used in the construction of...
lasing threshold
The lowest excitation power level at which a laser's output is mainly the result of stimulated emission rather than...
biophotonics
The technology that deals with the interaction of organic materials with light and other forms of radiant energy whose...
fluorescent protein
Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...
resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...
quantum optics
The area of optics in which quantum theory is used to describe light in discrete units or "quanta" of energy known as...
optics of material
The area of optics that deals with the interaction of light with a given material. The optical properties of material are...
x-ray streak camera
A diagnostic instrument that uses a photocathode design to see a broad range of x-ray radiation by streaking the...
multimodality imaging
A technique that combines two or more imaging processes in order to minimize the disadvantages within each of the...
lidar
Lidar, short for light detection and ranging, is a remote sensing technology that uses laser light to measure distances and...
spontaneous emission
Radiation emitted when a quantum mechanical system drops spontaneously from an excited level to a lower level. This...
radiation
The emission and/or propagation of energy through space or through a medium in the form of either waves or corpuscular...
intrinsic photoemission
The photoemission that would occur if a crystal were pure and its structure perfect.
nonradiative transition
A nonradiative transition refers to a process in which an electron or an atom undergoes a change in its energy state without...
gain-switching
Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....
volumetric imaging
Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...
accessible emission
The present radiation level within a laser or electromagnetic radiation operating area.
color center
A color center, in the context of materials science and condensed matter physics, refers to a specific type of...
superresolution
Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...
photoemission
band-to-band photoluminescence
The emission of a photon by the return of an excited carrier from the conduction band to the valence band of a semiconductor...
vacuum spectrograph
A spectrograph that functions in a vacuum and therefore eliminates any air-absorption of the emission being surveyed.
reflection x-ray microscopy
A means of high resolution study through the application of soft and hard x-rays onto a sample surface in order to obtain...
native fluorescence
The light emitted from tissues without the use of fluorescent dyes as markers. Because cancerous tissues and normal tissues...
laser cavity
A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined...
incandescence
The emission of light by thermal radiation of a temperature high enough to render the source of radiation visible.
x-ray astronomy
The study of the celestial bodies, relative to x-ray emission. Satellites launched to study x-ray sources have revealed many...
mid-wave infrared
MWIR stands for mid-wave infrared, referring to a specific range of wavelengths within the infrared spectrum. Infrared...
single molecule localization microscopy
Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...
electron image tube
A cathode-ray tube that increases the brightness or size of an image or forms a visible image from invisible radiation. The...
phosphorescence
Luminescence is the emission of light from a source that is delayed by more than 10-8 s following excitation.
cathode emission
time-correlated single photon counting
Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...
laser Q-spoiler
A fast-action shutter inserted between one end of a laser rod and the end mirror; when inserted to prevent emission and then...
scintillation phosphor
A phosphor that has the ability to convert into light emission a portion of energy lost by ionization when a charged...
silicon carbide light-emitting diodes
Silicon carbide (SiC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current is...
monoscope cathode-ray tube
A character generation CRT that functions on the principle of secondary emission. The target holds a set of aluminum...
organic dye laser
A laser having a lasing material that is a fluorescing organic dye. Depending on the dye used, it can produce emission in...
positronium
Basically, a hydrogen atom with two alterations, positronium is the lightest atom in the universe and has an extremely light...
amplified spontaneous emission
Broadband radiation emitted by a laser that does not transmit through the optical element. It can be removed by filtering.
filament emission
The freeing of electrons from a filament in an electron tube as the result of the filament being heated by an electric...
three-level laser
A laser having a material, such as ruby, that has an energy state structure of three levels: the ground state (1) wherein...
vibrational transition
A vibrational transition refers to a change in the vibrational energy of a molecule. Molecules consist of atoms that are...
phototube
An electron tube having a photocathode for the emission of a photoelectric current.
ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy
A technique for measuring the energy spectrum of electrons emitted during the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. This...
direct-view storage tube
A cathode-ray tube in which secondary emission electrons form a display of high intensity.
thermionic emission
The emission of free electrons by a rise in temperature of the cathode alone.
electron emission
The freeing of electrons from an electrode into the surrounding space.
STED microscopy
STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...
spectral flow cytometry
Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...
Einstein coefficients
Three proportional coefficients labeled Am, Bmn, and Bnm, that respectively characterize the rate of spontaneous emission,...
photocathode luminous sensitivity
The responsivity of a photocathode to luminous energy equal to the ratio of the photoelectric emission to the incident...
metabolic imaging
Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...
single-photon emission computed tomography
A medical imaging method in which gamma camera heads rotate about the patient to detect radionuclides, enabling physicians...
laser-induced fluorescence
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...
Raman effect
When light is transmitted through matter, part of the light is scattered in random directions. A small part of the scattered...
laser active elements
Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the...
active medium
A material that produces stimulated emission during the process of amplification with a laser system.
electron-gun system
An electron-gun system is an assembly used to generate and control a focused beam of electrons. Electron guns find...
photoelectric effect
The emission of an electron from a surface that occurs when a photon impinges upon the surface and is absorbed. This effect...
distributed feedback laser
A distributed feedback laser (DFB laser) is a type of semiconductor laser diode designed to emit coherent, narrow-bandwidth...
atomic emission spectrometry
Spectrometric analysis of the distinct and characteristic spectra of atoms of elements. The atoms are energized to emit...
chromosphere
A layer between the corona and the photosphere of the sun; its emission is overwhelmed by light emitted by the underlying,...
emission microscope
A type of electron microscope in which the specimen also serves as the cathode source.
cascade shower
A shower of cosmic rays whereby a high-energy electron produces one or more photons that convert into electron pairs, the...
galvanoluminescence
The emission of radiant energy produced by the passage of an electrical current through an appropriate electrolyte in which...
ionization chamber
A closed vessel with electrodes of different potentials that is used to determine how much ionization took place in a gas...
optically pumped laser
A laser in which stimulated emission is triggered by the absorption by electrons of light from an auxiliary source such as a...
dynode
The auxiliary electrode in a photomultiplier that gives rise to secondary emission and amplification when bombarded by...
excimer laser
An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term...
monitor current
In a laser diode, the photocurrent produced by a photodiode that detects the emission from the rear facet of the...
ion emission
The ejecting of ions from the surface of a material.
field pattern
Intensity of emission as a function of direction in a given plane.
leading edge spike
In a sequence of laser pulse emissions, the intitial pulse that often helps initiate a reaction at the target surface,...
vertical-cavity laser diode
A type of surface-emitting laser diode that uses dielectric mirrors to produce surface emission. The laser cavity is...
photomultiplier tube
A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...
photoacoustic imaging
Abbreviated PAI. An imaging modality with a hybrid technique based on the acoustic detection of optical absorption from...
photonic crystal surface-emitting laser
A photonic crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) refers to a type of laser diode that emits light from its surface rather...
medical lasers
Medical lasers are devices that produce intense beams of light with specific characteristics and properties, which are used...
photocathode
An electrode used to release photoelectric emission when irradiated, making it then the irradiated negative electrode of a...
infrared detector
An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...
image intensifier
An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...
electroluminescence
The nonthermal conversion of electrical energy into light in a liquid or solid substance. The photon emission resulting from...
nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy
Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...
fluorescence lifetime
Fluorescence lifetime refers to the average time it takes for a fluorophore, a molecule that absorbs light at one wavelength...
wide-field fluorescence microscopy
Wide-field fluorescence microscopy uses either naturally occurring structures or staining with fluorescent tags that are...
electron-beam lithography system
An electron-beam lithography (EBL) system is a sophisticated nanofabrication tool used in the semiconductor industry and...
photoelectric constant
The constant that, multiplied by the frequency of the radiation-producing emission of photoelectrons, determines the amount...
photoelectron microscopy
Surface analysis by means of photon induced electron emission. PEM methods provide high lateral resolution of the observed...
solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a type of laser that uses a solid gain medium (as opposed to a liquid or gas) to produce coherent...
blackbody source
A blackbody source, often simply referred to as a blackbody, is a theoretical or practical physical object that absorbs all...
bioluminescence
Heatless light emissions from living organisms caused by the combination of oxygen and pigments such as luciferin.
chirping
A rapid change, as opposed to a long-term drift, of the emission wavelength of an optical source. Chirping is most often...
Kynar
Pennwalt's trade name for polyvinylidene fluoride, a material used in the jacket of fiber optic cables where low smoke...
bright-line spectrum
An emission spectrum consisting of bright bands against a dark background.
FTIR spectrometer
FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...
quencher molecule
In the dye laser, the molecule that takes out energy from the triplet state during collisions between the dye and quencher...
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG laser refers to a solid-state laser that utilizes neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) as the gain...
emission spectrum
An emission spectrum is a graphical representation or a characteristic pattern of the wavelengths or frequencies of light...
laser output
The laser output refers to the generated and emitted light produced by a laser system. This output is characterized by...
isocandela diagram
Indication of emission brightness with degree of emission from an optical source.
positron emission tomography
A medical imaging device that uses a ring of crystal/photomultiplier tube assemblies encircling the patient to detect gamma...
Er:YAG laser
An Er:YAG laser is a type of solid-state laser that uses a crystal made of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet...
scintillation crystal
A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...
laser anemometry
The process by which laser emission is used in measuring fluid velocity and, more specifically, the detection of air and...
fiber optic spectrometer
A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...
quantum cascade laser
A quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a type of semiconductor laser that operates based on the principles of quantum mechanics....
ultraviolet fiber optics
Ultraviolet (UV) fiber optics refers to optical fibers that are designed and optimized for the transmission of ultraviolet...
noise equivalent irradiance
The amount of spatial noise detected equivalent to the output emission location of the giving source.
negative-electron-affinity photocathode
A photocathode having a P-type semiconductor with a work function less than its bandgap. The photocathode can release a...
photoelectric emission
The electron emission from a substance or instrument whose surface has been bombarded by a suitable amount of radiation.
exciton
An exciton is a quasiparticle that represents the bound state of an electron and a hole in a solid-state material, typically...
gas laser
One of the first lasers to find practical application. Generally, the pumping mechanism is an electric discharge, although...
heatseeker
A guided missile that uses an infrared sensor to detect and home in on an enemy target. The missile is guided by the high...
threshold wavelength
The greatest wavelength of radiation for a specified surface for the emission of electrons.
outgassing
The emission of gas or de-aeration due to thermal variations and often occurring in a vacuum. In a cleanroom, contamination...
field emission microscope
An image-forming instrument in which a strong electrostatic field causes cold emission of electrons from a sharply rounded...
fluorescent light source
A tube containing mercury vapor and lined with a phosphor. When current is passed through the vapor the strong ultraviolet...

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