In optics and photolithography, a phase mask refers to a device that modifies the phase of light waves passing through it. The phase mask is used to control the spatial distribution of the light's phase, which plays a crucial role in various optical...

Photoelastic equipment and supplies refer to instruments and materials used in photoelasticity, a technique used to analyze...

Optical tweezers refer to a scientific instrument that uses the pressure of laser light to trap and manipulate microscopic...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

The entrance slit, also known simply as the slit, is an essential component in optical instruments such as spectrometers and...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), also known as virtual slide microscopy or digital pathology, is a technology that involves the...

Time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) refers to a medical imaging technique that captures a series of sequential OCT...

A high-speed motion camera, also known as a high-speed camera or slow-motion camera, is a specialized imaging device...

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing...

In vivo is a Latin term that translates to "within the living." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and...

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is an advanced optical imaging technique used in microscopy to enhance the...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Phototoxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by exposure to light, particularly intense or ultraviolet (UV) light, on...

STED microscopy, or stimulated emission depletion microscopy, is a superresolution imaging technique in fluorescence...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

A vacuum chamber is a sealed enclosure from which air and other gases are removed to create a low-pressure environment,...

Metamaterials are artificial materials engineered to have properties not found in naturally occurring substances. These...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

Plasmonics is a field of science and technology that focuses on the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and free...

Second-order nonlinear optical properties refer to a class of phenomena exhibited by certain materials in response to...

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

A spectral signature, in the context of remote sensing and spectroscopy, refers to the unique pattern or characteristic...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

An optical testing instrument is a device or system used to evaluate and measure the performance, quality, and...

An ultrafast pulsed laser is a type of laser that emits extremely short pulses of light with durations typically on the...

Three-photon microscopy is an advanced imaging technique that belongs to the family of multi-photon microscopy methods. It...

Microscopy is a scientific technique that involves the use of microscopes to observe and study objects that are too small to...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a type of laser that generates coherent, high-intensity electromagnetic radiation by using a...

A frequency comb is a precise and regular series of equally spaced spectral lines, or frequencies, that are generated with...

Spectral repeatability refers to the consistency and reproducibility of spectral measurements across multiple trials or...

Superresolution refers to the enhancement or improvement of the spatial resolution beyond the conventional limits imposed by...

Structural color refers to coloration in materials that is not caused by pigments or dyes but is instead a result of the...

Volumetric imaging refers to the capture, visualization, and analysis of three-dimensional (3D) information from a volume of...

A reticle, also known as a reticule or graticule, is a pattern or set of markings placed in the focal plane of an optical...

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and digital image processing...

An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a high-resolution imaging and measurement instrument used in nanotechnology, materials...

A phonon is a quantum of vibrational energy associated with the periodic motion of atoms or molecules in a crystalline...

In vitro is a Latin term that translates to "in glass." In scientific contexts, particularly in biology and medicine, it...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that occurs when two photons with the same frequency combine...

A phase screen, in the context of optics and wave optics, refers to a surface or medium that introduces a phase delay to an...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

A metalens, short for "metasurface lens," is a type of optical lens that uses nanostructured materials to manipulate light...

Holographic tomography is an advanced imaging technique that combines holography and tomography to provide three-dimensional...

Spectroscopy is a technique used in the study of interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It involves...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a superresolution microscopy technique that enables imaging of...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a nondestructive analytical technique used to investigate the optical properties...

Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless...

Histology is the branch of biology and medicine that involves the study of the microscopic structure of tissues and organs...

Intravital microscopy is an imaging technique used to visualize biological processes within living organisms, typically in...

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to measure and analyze the optical...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

A solar simulator is a device used to replicate the spectrum and intensity of sunlight in a controlled environment for...

Fluorescence microscopy is a specialized optical imaging technique used in biology, chemistry, and materials science to...

MTF analysis/measurement equipment refers to instruments and tools used to measure and analyze the modulation transfer...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

Neuromorphic refers to the design and development of computing systems or devices that are inspired by the structure and...

A magnon is a quasiparticle representing a quantized spin wave in a magnetic material. In other words, it is a collective...

A molecular motor refers to a nano-sized device composed of organic molecules or other small-scale components that can...

Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic...

Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe spectroscopy (APAP) is an advanced technique in ultrafast spectroscopy that allows...

Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a specialized technique in biophysics and molecular...

Histochemical staining is a laboratory technique used in biology and medicine to visualize specific chemical components...

A nitrogen vacancy (NV) refers to a specific type of defect or impurity in a crystal lattice where a nitrogen atom replaces...

Micro-optical coherence tomography (micro-OCT) is an imaging technique that is an adaptation of optical coherence tomography...

Cold atoms refer to atoms that have been cooled to extremely low temperatures, typically in the microkelvin (µK) to...

Metabolic imaging refers to the visualization and quantification of metabolic processes within living organisms, tissues, or...

A CubeSat is a type of miniaturized satellite characterized by its standardized size and modular design. CubeSats are...

Dewetting is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where a thin film or coating spontaneously undergoes a process of...

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Topological photonics is a branch of physics and optics that explores the application of topological concepts to the...

Virtual histology refers to the use of digital technology and computational methods to simulate or recreate histological...

A monochromator is an optical instrument used to isolate and select a narrow range of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of...

Meta-optics, also known as metasurface optics or flat optics, is a branch of optics that involves the design, fabrication,...

The angular spectrum approach is a mathematical and computational technique used in the field of optics to analyze and...

Attosecond photonics sources refer to devices or systems that generate extremely short pulses of light on the order of...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

Flow chemistry, also known as continuous-flow chemistry, is a chemical manufacturing process where reactions take place in a...

Fluorescent proteins are proteins that exhibit the property of fluorescence, which is the ability to absorb light at a...