Nanoparticle photonic resonator absorption microscopy is a microscopy technique that combines the principles of photonic resonators and nanoparticle imaging to visualize and study biological samples with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. ...

Chalcogenide refers to a class of compounds containing elements from group 16 of the periodic table, which includes sulfur...

The process by which the light from the images of photographic film is encoded into electrical signals for video...

A technology that uses electrically activated holograms stored within specially developed crystals to route information in...

A type of receiver that uses a local oscillator at a frequency deliberately offset from that of the incoming signal. It is...

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is a technique that extends traditional Raman spectroscopy by incorporating...

Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found primarily in the retinas of vertebrate and invertebrate eyes, as well...

A Kerr soliton refers to a specific type of soliton, a self-reinforcing wave packet, that arises in nonlinear optical...

A microchannel plate (MCP) is a specialized electron multiplier device used in various applications such as particle...

The instrument used to collect thermal radiation information on an object by scanning. It consists basically of a detector,...

A camera tube widely used in television broadcasting. It consists of three sections within a single vacuum envelope. 1. A...

A fiber optic transceiver, often simply referred to as an "optical transceiver," is a device used in fiber optic...

Polarization refers to the orientation of oscillations in a transverse wave, such as light waves, radio waves, or other...

A signal-averaging technique that improves signal-to-noise ratio by comparing a sampled signal with a reference signal...

Variations in signal detected on a bolometer that are caused by instabilities in the temperature of the sky.

The simultaneous collection of two or more signals at a single location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of...

Abbreviation of "synchronization.'' In television, the timing signals used to drive the scanning process. Horizontal...

Calculation of peak and average transmission power at a given point along an optical fiber or cable.

The graph of the oscillating variations composing the wave of a video signal.

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is a device used to modulate the amplitude, phase, or polarization of light waves using an...

Any of the various methods of decomposing a signal into a set of coefficients of orthogonal waveforms (trigonometric...

Optical phase distortion refers to a phenomenon where the phase of an optical wavefront is altered as it propagates through...

An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is a specialized instrument used in optical fiber communications to characterize...

A detector-Dewar assembly typically refers to a combination of a detector and a Dewar flask used in scientific instruments,...

A loss of resolution or detail in a television signal caused by the size of the electron scanning beam.

A fiber laser is a type of laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth ions such as...

A filter that passes a series of wavelength regions that are at equal distances from one another, such that its output...

The ratio of the power in a desired signal to the undesirable noise present in the absence of a signal.

FMCW lidar stands for frequency-modulated continuous wave lidar. It is a type of lidar (light detection and ranging)...

The optical Fourier transform is a mathematical operation applied to optical signals that involves transforming a spatial...

A device used in broadcast CCD cameras to improve definition in heavily saturated colors by band-limiting the color...

An optical channel monitor (OCM) is a device used in optical communication systems to monitor and analyze the performance of...

CID, or charge injection device, camera refers to a type of imaging device that utilizes a specific kind of solid-state...

A spectrophotometer in which the beam emitted by the radiation source is split into beams that travel through the sample and...

The signal formed when two signals, such as light waves, of different frequencies are present simultaneously in a nonlinear...

A time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) is an electronic circuit that converts a time interval between two events into an...

Phase shift in electromagnetic signals caused by daily variations in the ionosphere, often during sunrise or sunset.

A probe card is a testing device used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry to evaluate and test the electrical...

A ground-based navigation beacon that emits pulsed signals which are picked up by aircraft making an instrument (blind)...

In digital data transmission, the representation of a bit by change in amplitude of the outgoing signal. Amplitude shift...

The distortion created because the different frequencies of a signal have different propagation velocities through a medium.

CoaXPress (CoaXPress or CXP) is a standardized digital interface and communication protocol used primarily in machine vision...

Optical fiber optic switches are devices used in optical fiber communication systems to selectively route optical signals...

An InGaAs (indium gallium arsenide) camera is a type of imaging device that utilizes InGaAs sensors to capture images in the...

A device that detects radiation by utilizing the influence of light in forming an electrical signal. It may be a phototube;...

A swept-source laser, also known as a wavelength-swept laser, is a type of laser that rapidly and continuously changes its...

In dry etching, a method of characterizing the composition of solid materials such as metal. Atoms in the OES technique are...

Temporal jitter at a signal's receiver when amplified noise causes frequency shifts, as with a soliton traveling through an...

A method of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of an interferogram by adding another interferogram to it.

In the context of electronics and optics, an isolator refers to a device that allows the transmission of signals in one...

The combination of the audio and visual signals that are transmitted and received at the same time, correlating the scene...

A detector sensitive only to signals close to or at a particular frequency that is the same as the frequency of a control...

A fiber optic spectrometer is a device used for measuring the spectral content of light. It utilizes optical fibers to...

A device used to transmit and receive images that have been converted to electrical signals over regular telephone lines; it...

A device that combines electronic and optical techniques to form a monitored infrared signal between 1 and 14 µm. It...

Modulator/demodulator. An electronic device that modulates and demodulates signals transmitted over communications lines.

Noise generated in the flow of current in the photomultiplier, produced by the intentional or controlled application of...

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons to create...

Optical switching refers to the process of controlling the routing or transmission of optical signals within a network using...

A device that samples and quantizes a signal in digital form for storage in memory.

1. Attribute of a visual sensation that permits a judgment to be made of the amount of pure chromatic color present. 2. The...

A sensing or image-forming detector that serves to convert infrared rays into visible signals for communication purposes....

In a fiber optic transmission system, the conversion of received optical pulses directly to an electrical signal.

A photodetector, also known as a photosensor or photodiode, is a device that detects and converts light into an electrical...

A device for automatic exposure control in which a motor-driven diaphragm adjusts the aperture in response to a signal from...

Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs when an intense laser beam passes through a...

A device used to delay transmission of a signal for functions such as memory loops, sequential processing or built-in...

A linear computation or algorithm performed on a selected series in the form of an input signal that produces a new series...

A metabolite is any small molecule that is a product of metabolism, the chemical processes that occur within living...

The storage surface of an electron beam tube that is scanned by an electron beam to generate an output-signal current...

In an optical waveguide,- typically a multimode fiber - the distortion resulting from differential mode delay, i.e. axial...

A fiber optic communications system that works on the principles of homodyning or heterodyning. The transmitting laser...

A type of camera that incorporates a tiny mirror that oscillates in accordance with incoming signals. An illuminated slit is...

The gradual decrease over time in output signal with constant input light level.

System of information coding in which the signal is sampled 8000 times per second and the samples quantized by referring...

A mode of transmission whereby the sending and receiving stations operate continuously at a fixed relationship of phase and...

A waveguide or coaxial cable that transmits a signal from an antenna to a receiver or from a transmitter to an antenna.

With respect to television, the transmission of the signals that originate from variously colored parts of an image in a...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique that combines the principles of Raman spectroscopy...

Plastic optical fiber (POF) is a type of optical fiber made from transparent plastic, typically polymethylmethacrylate...

Operation in which the minimum detectable signal is set because of variations in the average signal current; e.g., quantum...

A television system that does not broadcast television signals but transmits them over a closed circuit.

In communcations and video signals, the portion of a composite signal between the leading edge of the horizontal blanking...

A controlled motion system that may use a telescope, camera or antenna to follow accurately a satellite, missile, vehicle or...

In an avalanche photodiode, the gain multiplied by the signal frequency in MHz.

Concerned with the transmission and reception of both sight and sound. An audiovisual system communicates pictorial images...

A type of receiver utilizing a local oscillator phase-locked to the incoming signal.

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a group of super-resolution microscopy techniques that surpass the...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves using a laser to excite molecules or atoms,...

A device used to scan, with a small, intensely bright spot, portions of a picture surface and to transform the original...

Characteristic of deflected light power defined as the quadratic invariant function of the video signal amplitude.

An intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera is an advanced imaging device that combines the capabilities of both an...

Optoelectronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study and application of devices and systems that use light...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a mechanism describing the transfer of energy between two closely spaced...

The level of the television picture signal that corresponds to the maximum limit of black peaks.

A signal traveling from transmitter to receiver that has an altered frequency due to the Doppler effect.

A signal, generated by an oscillator, that provides the means of synchronization of operations in a data communications...

Power modulation refers to the intentional variation of power levels in a signal, often in the context of electronic...

A transistor designed to respond to either light or electrical signals.

A receiver-transmitter device that automatically transmits a signal when the proper interrogating signal is received.

The amount of time needed for a detector signal or electronic circuit to reach 63 percent of its final value after a fixed...

Photon flow created by imaging of light into a detector array; IPD is the electrical signal used by the image processor in a...

Micro-optics refers to the design, fabrication, and application of optical components and systems at a microscale level....

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics and biomedical research to obtain...

A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a type of electronic image sensor used in various imaging devices, including digital...

In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the amplitude of a received signal rather than distortion.

An accelerometer is a sensor or transducer that measures the rate of change of velocity of an object, or in simpler terms,...

1. In relation to cathode-ray tube displays, errors in the signal's amplitude, phase or both that result in small, rapid...

Fiber optic cable bearing many fibers independently sheathed and capable of carrying unrelated signals. They often surround...

One class of nonlinear space-invariant transformation processes used for processing convolved and multiplied signals.

An image intensifier, also known as an image intensification tube or image intensification device, is a specialized...

A retroreflector is an optical device or structure that reflects incident light or electromagnetic waves back to their...

Noise generated within an optical communications system link that has both internal (dark current) and external (background...

The recording achieved when a surface, illuminated by a signal-controlled light beam, emits electrons or reacts in some...

A stationary noise that occurs for visible light photodetection when a steady light source, such as a heterodyne reference...

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiode is a type of photodetector that consists of metal electrodes on a semiconductor...

Pixel binning, also known as pixel merging or pixel combining, is a technique used in digital imaging and camera technology....

An optical coupling device that uses light to bridge the gap between incompatible wire communications systems. It contains...

An instrument or system capable of both transmitting and receiving a signal.

A filter that maximizes signal-to-noise ratio so that a waveform of known shape can be separated from random noise.

The luminance portion of a composite video signal, i.e., the portion of the signal that corresponds to the brightness of the...

Piezoresistance is a phenomenon in materials science and physics where the electrical resistance of a material changes in...

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer when detector noise prevails, which exceeds...

The use of an electric field or signal to couple a lightwave from one dielectric waveguide into another dielectric waveguide.

An oscilloscope used to survey the waveform of a video signal.

The decrease in power that occurs when an optical beam or signal is transmitted through a system.

An OLED display formed by creating an array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and cathode conductors arranged...

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is a compact and integrated device that incorporates multiple photonic components and...

The method by which photographic film is scanned by an electron beam. One technique uses the uniform light of a television...

A coherent fiber bundle (CFB), also known as a coherent fiber optic bundle, is an assembly of multiple optical fibers...

Free-space optics (FSO), also known as optical wireless communication or optical wireless networking, refers to the...

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of optical filter that is inscribed or "written" into the core of an optical fiber. It...

A fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna (FCPA) is a type of optoelectronic device that combines a photoconductive antenna...

A microscope that uses a flying spot scanner, directed through the eyepiece, as a light source to determine the features of...

A panel of photoconductive and electroluminescent layers used as either a positive or negative image intensifier, depending...

Device that operates by interaction of incident radiation with semiconductor based material in order to produce an...

The limitation on performance imposed by the distortion of a received signal rather than its amplitude or power.

Rate at which optical radiation or a signal is varied through the use of a mechanical or electronic chopper. Also called...

A device that acquires a signal and then stores it for a specified period of time before processing, and used, for example,...

The ratio of the power of the carrier wave to that of unwanted signal distortions, or noise, before any nonlinear signal...

A microbubble resonator is a device used in photonics and optical physics for the precise manipulation of light waves. It...

At a given modulation frequency, wavelength, and for a given effective noise bandwidth, the radiant power that produces a...

A CMOS image sensor, short for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor, is a type of semiconductor device used...

A device designed to enlarge the image of a microscopic object by television process. It may be a flying spot scanner that...

A phase-modulated sensor is a type of sensor that uses modulation of the phase of a signal to measure changes in a physical...

An optical circuit, either monolithic or hybrid, composed of active and passive components, used for coupling between...

1. An eyepiece or magnifier with a scale at its image plane. That scale is placed in contact with an object, permitting...

Distortion caused by variations in the rate of change of phase shift with frequency over the signal's necessary bandwidth.

An optical barcode reader, commonly known as a barcode scanner, is a device that uses optical technology to capture and...

The term half bandwidth (HBW) generally refers to the width of a spectral band or frequency range at half of its maximum...

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer is a powerful analytical instrument used to obtain an infrared spectrum of...

In a CD-ROM disc, the reflective area between nonreflective pits representing a binary-language "off'' as opposed to...

imaging system which clearly shows the IR signals in the field of view as well as ambient environment

A CCD image sensor, or charge-coupled device image sensor, is a type of electronic device used to convert optical images...

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to...

To transform a picture or image field into a television signal for transmission.

A step-by-step method of reducing the amount of data in a digital video signal to transmit or store a high-quality image....

Continuous wave (CW) refers to a type of signal or transmission where the signal is constant and does not vary with time. In...

The transmission of a color photograph by separating the colors into varying intensities of red, blue and green, and then...

Technology that relies on a highly efficient photodetector that can detect incoming light signals at one frequency and...

A glow discharge lamp consisting of a cold cathode and a mixture of inert gases. The intensity of illumination varies with...

Carrier injection refers to the process of introducing charge carriers (either electrons or holes) into a semiconductor...

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a medical treatment approach that combines elements of phototherapy and immunotherapy to target...

The distribution of one signal to more than one location. In a digital computer, it refers to the number of outputs that can...

A micro-ring resonator is a compact optical device that utilizes the resonant behavior of light within a small ring-shaped...

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) is a semiconductor element that generates or detects high-frequency electromagnetic signals....

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful imaging instrument used in scientific research, materials...

A device that enlarges and strengthens a signal's output without significantly distorting its original waveshape. There are...

A system designed to control the output quantity of a device by returning a portion of its output signal to its input. This...

A broadband filter is an electronic or electromagnetic device designed to pass a range of frequencies or signals within a...

A digital camera is a device that captures and records still images or video in digital format. Unlike traditional film...

A device, either visual or electronic, that emits signals to identify set positions for use in the navigation of aircraft...

Optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent strand or filament made of glass or plastic used for transmitting light...

A general term referring to the situation in which an image is not a true-to-scale reproduction of an object. The term also...

A deliberately nonlinear amplitude modulation that strengthens weak signals and reduces strong signals for transmission.

A photodiode detector is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. It operates based on the...

Quantum-enhanced metrology refers to the use of quantum mechanics principles and techniques to enhance the precision and...

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that studies the optical phenomena that occur when intense light interacts with a...

A detector and signal demodulator used in optical communications systems to receive a signal and often to translate it into...

A galvanometric scanner, also known as a galvanometer scanner or galvo scanner, is a type of optical scanning device used to...

A light-tight box that receives light from an object or scene and focuses it to form an image on a light-sensitive material...

The interval between direction of signal to a light-emitting diode and attainment of 10 percent output current in the...

Referring to the bandwidth and spectrum location of the signal produced by television or radar scanning.

A unit of speed of transmission or receipt of a signal, roughly equal to bits per second; common baud rates are 300, 1200,...

(TOF) The length of time needed for a signal to arrive at and be reflected from the target. The basis of an active...

A system in which the electrical signal embedded within an audio input signal is converted to a modulated light pattern and...

A detector array refers to a collection of individual detector elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid or matrix format....

The maximum rate at which temporally disjunct optical signals can be produced or detected.

A device designed to detect microwave modulation and to mix modulated and unmodulated laser beams. It consists of a...

The term "embedded laser" typically refers to a laser device that is integrated or embedded into a larger system or...

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally...

A passive coupler that distributes signals from one or several inputs among a larger number of output waveguides arranged...

An analog signal capable of being modulated as to frequency, amplitude or phase to carry information.

A network interface card (NIC), also known as a network adapter or LAN adapter, is a hardware component that allows...

In a thermal imaging system, the change in temperature that yields a signal-to-noise ratio of unity.

An interface in an optical network that permits an optical signal to pass without changing the optical signal to an...

A fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is a type of gyroscope that uses the interference of light waves to detect changes in...

A mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO) is a type of electronic test instrument that combines the capabilities of both a...

A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance, which is a phenomenon that occurs when an external force or...

End-fire coupling refers to a method of coupling energy into or out of a waveguide, transmission line, or antenna, where the...

Also known as amplification. 1. The increase in a signal that is transmitted from one point to another through an amplifier....

A device that converts an analog signal, that is, a signal in the form of a continuously variable voltage or current, to a...

A spectroscopic technique that combines the high chemical specificity of Raman scattering and signal sensitivity provided by...

A television display system in which the television signal is converted to an image that is projected onto either a front or...

A system that allows the transmission of more than one signal over a common path, by assigning each signal a different...

A scintillation crystal, also known simply as a scintillator, is a material that emits light when it interacts with ionizing...

A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that modulates or manipulates the amplitude, phase, or polarization of...

Quantum efficiency (QE) is a measure of the effectiveness with which a device or system, typically in the context of...

Optoacoustic, or photoacoustic, refers to a phenomenon and related techniques that involve the generation of acoustic waves...

Germanium crystal refers to a crystalline form of the element germanium (Ge), which is a metalloid and semiconductor...

A mid-infrared camera is a type of imaging device designed to capture images in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range,...

An infrared detector is a device that is used to detect and measure infrared radiation, which lies beyond the visible...

Complex devices, often involving a computer, in which a photograph is scanned by a point of light, the amplitude of the...

Photobleaching is a phenomenon in which the fluorescence of a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule or dye) is permanently...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that enhances the Raman scattering signal of...

A signal in the form of continuously variable voltage or current.

The variation of the electronically detected signal with respect to the scaled version of the classical optical signal...

Autofluorescence refers to the natural emission of fluorescence exhibited by certain biological structures or molecules when...

In coherent optical communications systems, a laser used at the receiving end to produce a steady wave that is combined with...

To supply a signal to some point.

Information presented as a continuously variable relationship between a signal and a standard.

Brillouin scattering is a phenomenon in physics where an incident electromagnetic wave (usually light) interacts with...

A photomultiplier tube (PMT) is a highly sensitive vacuum tube that detects and amplifies low levels of light. It is widely...

The addition to the information signal in communications of redundant bits that enable the originally encoded message to be...

A device where each pixel in the detector array is mated with a preamplifier on a single silicon chip, providing sensing and...

A type of video signal in which the luminance and chrominance portions of the signal, or the luma and chroma, have been...

A photon-counting instrument for use in both space-borne and ground-based photometric and spectroscopic instrumentation....

An array of active optical devices (modulators, laser diodes and/or detectors), each of whose electrical inputs or outputs...

In optical communications, the translation of optical signals into radio signals, lowering their frequency in detection from...

Interval between cutting off a photoconductor's signal and the fall of current output to 90 percent.

A device incorporating a spatial light modulator and a reference filter; used for matching an input optical waveform or...

Digital signal processing (DSP) refers to the manipulation and analysis of signals, which are representations of physical...

A device using the Kerr effect to read back the signals from mechanically recorded tapes and discs. It consists of a light...

Measure of a detector's signal during exposure to radiation of a constant power level and varying wavelength.

The procedure by which the similarity of an optical signal or waveform to a reference-stored signal or waveform is...

Any noise with a power spectral density that is the inverse of the signal's frequency and is therefore most significant for...

Camera Link HS (high speed) is a standard developed for high-speed digital data transmission in machine vision and...

Scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) refers to a type of image sensor technology specifically designed...

A scientific CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) camera is a type of digital camera specifically designed for...

Any noise or current fluctuation that prevents precise measurement of the signal current. Both dark current and signal...

A MEMS fiber optic switch is a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device designed to selectively route optical signals...

A fiber optic cable assembly refers to a complete unit consisting of optical fibers, connectors, protective jackets, and...

A plot showing how the response (ability to detect a signal) varies with wavelength. D(l).

An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) is an analytical instrument used to determine the concentration of specific chemical...

A device, such as a thermionic or crystal diode, that is introduced into the vision channel of a television receiver to...

A CCD camera, or charge-coupled device camera, is a type of digital camera that utilizes a CCD image sensor to capture and...

A television receiver that receives the signals generated by a television camera directly, or remotely through a radio...

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a laboratory technique used to detect and measure the presence of specific...

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to...

A discipline that combines optics and genetics to enable the use of light to stimulate and control cells in living tissue,...

An instrument for detecting and analyzing repetitive signals. Using a fixed time delay or "gate," the input signal...

A radiation detector with its active medium mounted within a lens that focuses the radiation signal. The improvement in...

The state of a carrier signal that corresponds to maximum picture brightness in a television system.

Variations in a signal passing through an optical fiber caused by the effect on the pulse of the fiber's material and mode...

A television camera tube in which a low-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive mosaic that has been created by an...

LiFi, short for light fidelity, is a wireless communication technology that utilizes visible light or infrared light to...

A modulator is a device or component that modifies a carrier signal in order to encode information for transmission over a...

Fluorescence imaging technique in which the excitation light from the objective is directed into the sample producing...

With respect to television, that part of a color television circuit that combines the I, Q and Y signals, and changes them...

An imaging process in which the single opening of a simple pinhole camera is replaced with many openings called,...

Attenuation refers to the gradual loss or reduction of intensity, force, or magnitude of a particular property as it...

An infrared light-emitting diode (IR LED) is a semiconductor device that emits infrared light when an electric current...

The combination of two or more signals for transmission along a single wire, path or carrier. In most optical communication...

A long-pass filter is an optical filter that allows longer wavelengths of light to pass through while blocking or...

Separating two or more signals that have been combined into one signal.

The process or device by which more than one signal can be sent over a single channel by using different time intervals for...

An APD detector, or avalanche photodiode detector, is a type of photodetector used to detect light or optical signals by...

A CCD device in which a solid-state electron multiplying register has been added to the end of the normal serial register....

A method that embraces the classical approach to image restoration and attempts to minimize the mean square difference...

A device designed to detect frequency-modulated signals by forming a unidirectional pulse from each sine wave. The direct...

A linear image sensor is a type of solid-state electronic device used to capture and convert light into electrical signals....

A laser-pumped crystal with nonlinear optical properties inside of an optical resonator in which the output generates...

A device consisting of two optical systems in which two signals are simultaneously transformed to produce their spectra, and...

The pattern formed by a character generation cathode-ray tube system, in which the characters are composed of a sequence of...

Measurement of the interval during which a photodetector's signal and output current drops from 90 to 10 percent.

The frequency domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to represent signals and data in terms of their...

The process in which the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube varies in intensity in accordance with the magnitude of the...

A device for extracting a portion of the optical signal from a fiber.

A method of producing an essentially constant output signal from an electronic circuit despite variations in the strength of...

1. A defect inherent in a multiple-axis positioning system whereby an adjustment of one axis causes an undesired change in...

A system incorporated into fiber optic data communications characterized by several spatially distributed terminals that are...

An InGaAs photodiode refers to a photodetector device that is constructed using a semiconductor material composed of a...

A camera containing an electronic image sensor that converts the image to an electronic signal suitable for television...

A character generation CRT that functions on the principle of secondary emission. The target holds a set of aluminum...

Generation of an acoustical signal by a sample exposed to modulated light.

Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from optics and fluidics to create devices and systems...

In a local area network, a unique signal that travels from one node or station to another, providing them serially with...

For each mode in an optical waveguide, the term used to describe the process by which an electromagnetic signal is distorted...

A system in which a supplied signal causes the deflection of the electron beam in a cathode-ray tube, thus forming a visible...

The Kerr effect, named after the physicist John Kerr who first observed it in 1875, is a nonlinear optical phenomenon where...

Embedded vision refers to the integration of computer vision technologies into various embedded systems, devices, or...

An EMCCD (electron-multiplying charge-coupled device) camera is a type of scientific camera specifically designed for...

Also referred to as the width of the dark pulse. This is the time interval between the instant the particle approaches the...

Operation in which the minimum detectable signal has its limits set by the thermal noise of the detector, the load...

A diagram that shows actual component signals and the basic wiring configuration of a relay logic circuit.

The time domain is a concept used in signal processing and analysis to describe signals in terms of their behavior over...

A type of internal photonic connection in an integrated circuit in which a holographic grating is used to focus light at...

The electron beam tube of a television camera that converts an optical image into a pattern of electrostatic charges and...

A scintillation detector is a radiation detection device that utilizes scintillation crystals to detect and measure ionizing...

Optical noise refers to undesirable fluctuations or disturbances in an optical signal that can affect the quality or...

In fiber optics, the limitation on performance imposed by the system bandwidth rather than the amplitude of the signal.

An electronic device that minimizes short-term drift effects and random measurement error inherent in alternate...

A form of photography in which an electronic camera converts an image to an electronic signal that is stored in digital...

Signal used in optical transmission systems to generate currents in a detector that are decoded with reference to a...

Gallium nitride-based light-emitting diodes (GaN-based LEDs) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric...

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength-scale artificial structures, often referred to as meta-atoms or...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a specialized type of photodetector designed to detect extremely weak optical...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an advanced imaging technique used in microscopy to obtain high-resolution,...

Quantum sensing refers to a class of sensing technologies that leverage principles from quantum mechanics to enhance the...

In a radiation detector, the ratio of the output to the input signal.

In an optical fiber or waveguide communications system, an optoelectronic device or module that receives an optical signal,...

Linear optics refers to the study and manipulation of light in a linear and deterministic manner, where the response of...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique used to detect changes in blood volume in tissues. It...

Integrated photonics is a field of study and technology that involves the integration of optical components, such as lasers,...

A closed-loop system that is constantly adjusted in response to input signals generated within the system.

1. In visual perception, the minimum value of stimulus that can be perceived on the average. 2. In optical detection...

An electronic device used to encode video and audio signals of a television camera into radio waves that are broadcast to...

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is an imaging technique used in medical diagnostics, particularly in...

A circuit that uses feedback to synchronize the phase of a voltage-controlled oscillator with the phase of an incoming or...

An imaging process, similar to specific Doppler mapping radar techniques, that utilizes a laser, an optical imaging system,...

A calcium indicator is a molecule that is sensitive to changes in calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations in biological systems....

Acronym for self-aligned polysilicon interconnect N-channel. A metal-gate process that uses aluminum for the metal-oxide...

A bandpass filter with piezoelectric crystal components for the passage or impedance of electrical signals of various...

An acronym for communications intelligence, referring to the collection of communications signals in the VHF and UHF...

Phase distortion refers to a change in the phase relationships between different frequency components of a signal. In the...

A device with a limited number of possible output values (sometimes able to be selected) that can translate an incoming...

An instrument using a Michelson interferometer, a beamsplitter, two plane mirrors and a detector to give Fourier analysis of...

A femtosecond laser is a type of laser that emits ultrashort pulses of light with durations on the order of femtoseconds,...

Gain-switching is a technique used in lasers to generate short pulses of light by modulating the gain of the laser medium....

A lock-in amplifier is a specialized electronic instrument used to extract and measure small signals embedded in noise or...

A device for obtaining very low crosstalk in a crosspoint by arranging two simple switches along different arms of a passive...

Positioning generally refers to the determination or identification of the location or placement of an object, person, or...

An optical gate typically refers to a device or system that controls the transmission of light, allowing it to pass through...

A device that utilizes avalanche multiplication of photocurrent by means of hole-electrons created by absorbed photons. When...

A PIN photodiode is a type of photodetector or semiconductor device used to convert light signals into electrical signals....

Cathode radiant sensitivity refers to the ability of a photocathode to convert incident radiant energy, typically in the...

A waveguide is a physical structure or device that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, such as radio...

A nonlinear label-free imaging technique commonly used during surgical procedures for the visualization of collagen fibers...

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) is a powerful technique that combines Raman spectroscopy with the enhanced spatial...

The simplest method of transmission on a local area network. The entire bandwidth of the cable is used to transmit a single...

A sensor module used in advanced pattern recognition systems, containing signal-processing integrated circuits stacked and...

Spectral flow cytometry is an advanced flow cytometry technique that expands the capabilities of traditional flow cytometry...

In general, changes in one oscillation signal caused by another, such as amplitude or frequency modulation in radio which...

Backscatter refers to the phenomenon in which radiation or waves are scattered backward, opposite to the direction of the...

Degradation factor in coherent light systems where the amplitude of the recorded signal is decreased as the number of object...

A cathode-ray tube that serves as a picture tube in a television receiver. The signal representing the picture intensity is...

A liquid crystal light valve (LCLV), also known as a spatial light modulator (SLM), is an optical device that modulates the...

Distortion of the high frequencies of a signal. In television, the term generally applies to frequencies above the 15.7 kHz...

An optical combiner, in the context of optics and display technologies, refers to a device or component that combines...

A signal-averaging device that improves signal-to-noise ratio by comparing a sampled signal with a time-delayed form of...

Linear receive optics typically refers to the optical components and systems used in the reception (detection) of linearly...

The unwanted and unpredictable fluctuations that distort a received signal and hence tend to obscure the desired message....

A phenomenon that occurs in WDM and DWDM systems when three closely spaced signal wavelengths near the zero-dispersion...

Complex devices, often involving a computer, in which a photograph is scanned by a point of light, the amplitude of the...

In a heterodyne optical receiver, the frequency that is the difference between that of an incoming laser signal and that of...

The reproduction of a picture or image, produced by scanning the image and converting it into electrical signals that carry...

Piezoelectric transducers are devices that utilize the piezoelectric effect to convert electrical energy into mechanical...

Component that is externally controlled via electronic or photon signal.

Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) is a technique used in photon counting applications, particularly in the...

An imaging system that uses a mosaic of tiny light-sensitive semiconductors (phototransistors) to produce individual outputs...

A technique for detecting and measuring atmospheric pollution, in which an oscillating mirror directs half the incoming...

A transducer is a device or component that converts one form of energy into another. It is commonly used in various fields,...

A pattern on an oscilloscope display that consists of a string of shapes that resemble eyes. Because the pattern becomes...

Integration time, in the context of optics, imaging systems, and sensor technology, refers to the duration over which a...

A scanning device used to cyclically tune through a given frequency range to determine the amplitude-frequency distribution...

A CMOS camera refers to an imaging device that employs a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to...

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is an advanced fluorescence microscopy technique that leverages the...

A diffraction grating is an optical component consisting of a surface with a periodic structure of equally spaced, parallel...

A cathode-ray tube that generates symbols for use in other displays. The tube operates by scanning specific characters on...

Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a specialized optical fiber that features two concentric cladding layers surrounding a core. The...

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a display technology that combines liquid crystal materials with silicon-based...

A photoelectrically controlled, alphanumeric reading device that converts characters to audible or sorting signals which can...