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197 terms

Photonics Dictionary: R

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radioautograph

The photographic image of a thin specimen having a radioactive isotope that, formed through contact between the specimen and a photographic plate, displays the distribution of the radioactive...

radiographic amplifier screen

A solid-state panel of the photoconductor-electroluminescent type. The photoconductive layer, sensitive to x-rays, is coated by the electroluminescent, which gives the visible image. When the former...

radiography

A photographic process using x-ray radiation or the g-rays of radioactive materials.

radiology

The study of radioactive substances and high-energy radiations such as x-rays and g-rays.

radioluminescence

Luminescence produced by the bombardment of radiant energy such as x-rays, radioactive waves or alpha particles.

radiometer

A device used to measure the intensity of radiant energy.

radius tool

A metal device of convex or concave curvature to which lens castings or semifinished lenses are cemented with only their edges in contact with the device.

radiuscope

A microscope to which a beamsplitter and illuminated reticle have been added that is used to measure contact lenses.

radix

Total number of characters available to each position of a digital numeric system.

RAI

random access integration

rail -> optical bench

A support for optical parts comprising a solid bed that permits precise longitudinal movement of one component relative to the others, and a number of sliders equipped with holders for lenses, lamps,...

rainbow hologram

Essentially, a hologram of a hologram, in which the first-generation hologram is masked with a narrow slit. During image reconstruction, the slit operates as the exit pupil in image space. The...

RAM

random access memory

Raman effect

When light is transmitted through matter, part of the light is scattered in random directions. A small part of the scattered light has frequencies removed from the frequency of the incident beam by...

Raman fiber probe

A flexible fiber cable with a small diameter that transports light from the excitation laser to the target. Used in Raman spectroscopy, the probe is capable of obtaining high-quality data at high...

Raman laser -> Raman effect

Raman scattering -> Raman effect

Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is a technique used in analytical chemistry and physics to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. Named after the Indian physicist Sir C.V. Raman...

Ramsden circle -> exit pupil

In a lens or other optical system, the image of the aperture stop as seen from image space.

Ramsden eyepiece

An eyepiece consisting of two planoconvex lenses of the same focal length, with facing convex surfaces.

rapid rectilinear lens

A double meniscus system in which two achromatized meniscus lenses are arranged symmetrically on either side of the aperture stop, reducing or eliminating distortion, coma and lateral color.

rare earth dopants

Rare earth dopants refer to elements from the lanthanide series, also known as rare earth elements, that are intentionally introduced into the crystal lattice of a material to modify its properties....

rare gas halide laser -> excimer laser

An excimer laser is a type of ultraviolet laser that emits short pulses of light in the ultraviolet spectrum. The term excimer is derived from excited dimer, reflecting the nature of the gain medium...

rare-earth elements

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of seventeen chemical elements found in the Earth's crust, characterized by their unique properties and scarcity relative to other elements. Despite their name,...

rare-earth type glass

Optical glasses containing the oxides of rare earths such as lanthanum to impart a very high refractive index combined with a low dispersive power.

RAS

remote active spectrometer

raster

The pattern of lines traced by rectilinear scanning in display systems.

raster scan display

A display in which regeneration takes place serially at a fixed speed in a set pattern through the scan lines.

Raster scanning

Raster scanning is a technique used in imaging and scanning systems to systematically capture and process information from a two-dimensional area or surface. It involves moving a sensor or scanning...

ratiometry

Ratiometry is a technique used in various scientific fields, particularly in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, to measure concentrations or quantities by comparing the intensity of two different...

raw glass

A term that describes any state of glass before its manufacture as an element.

Rayleigh criterion of resolving power

When a lens system with a circular aperture is free of aberrations, the image of a point object will appear as a disc of finite size surrounded by concentric rings. When two points are separated such...

Rayleigh interferometer

A device that is used to determine the index of refraction of a gas or liquid through the interference patterns formed by two beams of light, one of which has been transmitted by the sample. A single...

Rayleigh limit

The restriction of wavefront error to within a quarter of a wavelength of a true spherical surface to assure essentially perfect image quality.

Rayleigh range

In the region of a Gaussian beam focus by a diffraction-limited lens, it is the axial distance from the point of minimum beam waist (Wo) to the point where the beam diameter has increased to .

Rayleigh scattering

Rayleigh scattering is a phenomenon that occurs when light waves interact with particles or molecules that are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. It is named after the British scientist...

RBS

Rutherford backscattering spectrometry

reaction chamber; resistance × capacitance

RDA

radar data acquisition

read screen

The transparent component of an optical reader that transmits the image rays of the characters to be read.

read-only memory

An optical storage product that can be used for playback only.

read-write capability

In an optical data storage system, denoting the optical head's ability both to record information and to detect it for playback.

reagent

A reagent is a substance or compound that is used in a chemical reaction to bring about a specific transformation or to detect the presence or absence of another substance. Reagents are employed in...

real field -> true field

The size of the field of view in the object space of an optical system as differentiated from that in the image space (apparent field).

real image

An image that is formed when rays emerging from an optical system all converge to a point on the optical axis. A real image can be seen on a screen in the image space of the given optical system.

real-time processing

The ability of a vision system to interpret an image in a short enough time to keep pace with most operations.

reciprocity failure -> Bunsen-Roscoe law

The law stating that the amount of chemical change produced is proportional to the amount of light absorbed. Actually, the change is also dependent on the intensity of light -- a fact named the...

recombinase polymerase amplification

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a molecular biology technique used to rapidly amplify specific DNA or RNA sequences under isothermal conditions, meaning it does not require the...

recombination radiation

The radiation emitted in semiconductors when electrons in the conduction band recombine with holes in the valence band. If population inversion occurs between portions of the valence and conduction...

reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer

A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is a key component in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication networks. It allows for flexible and dynamic routing of...

Photonics DictionaryR