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Photonics Dictionary: L

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laminated

Composed of layers.

laser designator

A laser device used to establish a location or target usually for detection by an impact source e.g. missiles and guided munitions. Laser designation sources utilize a system configuration which is...

laser velocimeter signal detection

The variation of the electronically detected signal with respect to the scaled version of the classical optical signal incident on the photomultiplier tube.

lead zirconate titanate

A ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramic material used in optical memories for computers and as a piezoelectric transducer.

Lenard tube

An electron-beam tube designed so that the beam can be carried through a portion of the wall of an evacuated enclosure.

Lieberkuhn illumination -> oblique illumination

A common technique in microscopy, oblique illumination is one in which the object is illuminated by a light source that is at an oblique angle (on the side) to the optical axis. This technique is...

linac -> linear accelerator

A device used to accelerate the electrons in a free-electron laser. There are several types, including the induction linear accelerator, the radio frequency linear accelerator and the superconducting...

linac

linear accelerator

linar

Celestial point sources that emit specific wavelengths of radiation that appear on spectral charts as narrow lines. The term linar is a contraction of line and star.

line-narrowed laser

A semiconductor laser in which the naturally occurring broad linewidth has been narrowed by incorporating the laser diode into a large resonant external cavity.

LNA

launch numerical aperture; low-noise amplifier

longitudinal field modulator

Pockels cell or dynamic optical retarder in which the electrical field is applied in a direction parallel to that of light passing through it.

longitudinal magnification -> magnification

The ratio of the size of the image of an object to that of the object. The ratio of the linear size of the image to that of the object is lateral magnification. Angular magnification is the ratio of...

longitudinal mode

A waveform that can oscillate along the length of the laser cavity.

longitudinal offset loss -> gap loss

The optical power loss caused by a space between axially aligned fibers.

longitudinal pumping

A dye laser cell configuration in which the dye flows in the direction of the axis of the laser, yielding symmetrical energy distribution but small repetition rates.

luminaire

A complete unit containing a light source, globe, reflector, housing, socket and other necessary components for lighting.

luminance

Luminous flux emitted from a surface per unit solid angle per unit of area, projected onto a plane normal to the direction of propagation. Also known as brightness and luminous sterance.

luminance factor

Ratio of the luminance of a specimen to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically illuminated.

luminance meter

A type of photometer calibrated in luminance units (candles per square unit, or lamberts). In photography an exposure meter contains a luminance meter to record the average luminance of a scene.

luminance range

An objective measure of an object's brightness that is derived from the ratio of the luminance of its lightest section to that of its darkest section.

laser cavity

A laser cavity, also known as an optical cavity or resonator, is a fundamental component of a laser system. It is a confined region or space where light undergoes multiple reflections, leading to the...

launch numerical aperture

The numerical aperture of an optical system used to couple (launch) power into an optical waveguide.

lensless microscopy

Lensless microscopy, also known as computational or holographic microscopy, is an imaging technique that captures and reconstructs microscopic images without the use of traditional lenses. Instead of...

line-selectable laser -> tunable laser

Any form of laser; e.g., a dye laser, having an output that can be adjusted over a wide range of wavelengths. Normally the range is about 70 nm wide.

linear accelerator

lab-on-a-chip

A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that integrates various laboratory functions and capabilities onto a single, compact chip. Also known as microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip systems are...

label-free

Label-free refers to a technique or method that does not require the use of additional labels, tags, or markers to detect or identify specific components or entities. In various scientific and...

ladder diagram

A diagram that shows actual component signals and the basic wiring configuration of a relay logic circuit.

LAGEOS

laser geodynamic satellite

Lambert's absorption law

Transmittance of a solution, or internal transmittance of a transparent solid, is an exponential function of the thickness of the layer.

Lambert's cosine law

Flux per unit solid angle leaving a surface in any direction is proportional to the cosine of the angle between that direction and the normal to the surface. A material that obeys Lambert's cosine...

lambert

A unit of luminance equal to 1/p candela per square centimeter. (l).

lambertian source plane

In optics, a plane that emits a flux proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal; dense opal glass is an example.

lambertian surface

A perfectly diffusing surface; the intensity of the light emanating in a given direction from any small surface component is proportional to the cosine of the angle of the normal to the surface. The...

LAMMA

laser micromass analysis

land

In a CD-ROM disc, the reflective area between nonreflective pits representing a binary-language "off'' as opposed to the "on'' signals of the land-to-pit and pit-to-land transitions.

landolt ring

A broken circle used as the test object in distinguishing visual acuity. The width of the gap in the circle is equal to the breadth of the black line and one-fifth the circle diameter. Also known as...

LANTIRN

low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared at night

lap

A metal tool used to grind lenses with loose abrasive (see diamond cutting tool). The functional surface of the lap is carefully formed to be opposite the curve to be produced on the glass (concave...

Laplacian edge enhancement

Edge enhancement technique that accentuates all edge details in an image without discriminating as to spatial orientation.

laser ablation

Laser ablation is a process that involves the removal or erosion of material from a target surface using laser energy. This technique is widely used in various scientific, industrial, and medical...

laser absorption spectroscopy

An experimental research technique by which absorbed or unabsorbed radiation is analyzed in order to characterize and determine material properties, concentration as well as behavior under the...

laser active elements

Laser active elements typically refers to the substances or materials within a laser system that play a critical role in the amplification of light through the process of stimulated emission. These...

laser biostimulation -> biostimulation

The action of a biological system responding to a single or multiple coherent particles of light produced from a laser source. Examples of laser biostimulation include: retinal interaction of light...

laser cloud mapper

A scanning laser radar system applied to transmission and concentration analysis in three dimensions of clouds as well as aerosols and other particles within atmospheric systems.

laser cooling

A process and method by which manipulation and orientation of a given number of directed laser beams decreases the motion of a group of atoms or molecules such that their internal thermodynamic...

laser damage

A natural or mechanical system adversely affected by the influence of laser radiation. During laser damage the common effect of the radiation on the surface of interest is heat accumulation due to...

laser damage threshold

The laser damage threshold refers to the maximum level of laser intensity that a material can withstand without experiencing damage. It is a critical parameter in laser applications and is...

laser detector

Device that operates by interaction of incident radiation with semiconductor based material in order to produce an electrical signal or by other means, to interact with calorimetric devices which...

Photonics DictionaryL